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Biomaterials for Drug Delivery
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Biomaterials for Drug Delivery

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials for Drug Delivery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 15007

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mititelu Tartau Liliana

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Grigore T. Popa’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Interests: nanoparticles; drug delivery systems; polymers; in vitro studies; in vivo investigations; animal models; pain; inflammation; neuropsychopharmacology; behavior
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Bogdan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
Interests: anti-inflammatory drugs; depression; antidepressant drugs; biomarkers; drug delivery systems; in vivo animal models
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomedicine represents a medical priority today, with many countries developing new plans to improve research in this field. According to its enormous potential in medicine and medical technologies, the actual directions of nanomedicine are represented by the development of the basic sciences experiments according to the multidisciplinary vision of nanoscience, and training programs especially for young researchers, and moreover to provide human resources to private industry.

Nanomedicine offers multiple interesting possibilities of nanotechnology application to significantly improve the development of preventive medicine, medical diagnosis, and therapeutic management.

The applications of nanotechnology in substance delivery systems development have opened up new areas of research in the sustained release of various drugs. Using diverse materials at the nanometer scale, nanotechnology will allow specific and more personalized diagnosis and treatment of different pathologic areas such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease, and psychiatric disturbances. Nanoparticle drug carriers consist of solid biodegradable particles ranging in size from 0.1 to 100 nm in which the active principle is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated, and/or to which the active principle is absorbed or attached. The important technological advantages of nanoparticles used as drug carriers have high stability, high carrier capacity, feasibility of incorporation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances, and feasibility of variable routes of administration. Due to their size, nanoparticles have the advantage of reaching otherwise less accessible sites in the body.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers to provide original research articles, as well as review articles focusing on multiple issues, such as the obtaining, characterization, structure, and original aspects about biomaterials for drug delivery, possibly revealing novel design technologies, advantages, disadvantages, and their various medical applications.

Prof. Dr. Mititelu Tartau Liliana
Dr. Maria Bogdan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • biocompatible polymers
  • nanoparticles
  • drug delivery
  • structure–properties relationship
  • biohybrid
  • in vitro study
  • biocompatibility evaluation
  • in vivo animal models
  • various applications of biomaterials

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1269 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Ability of Different Allografts to Act as Carrier Grafts for Local Drug Delivery
by Nicole Bormann, Aysha Schmock, Anja Hanke, Volker Eras, Norus Ahmed, Maya S. Kissner, Britt Wildemann and Jan C. Brune
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060305 - 01 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1109
Abstract
Bone defects and infections pose significant challenges for treatment, requiring a comprehensive approach for prevention and treatment. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of various bone allografts in the absorption and release of antibiotics. A specially designed high-absorbency, high-surface-area carrier graft [...] Read more.
Bone defects and infections pose significant challenges for treatment, requiring a comprehensive approach for prevention and treatment. Thus, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of various bone allografts in the absorption and release of antibiotics. A specially designed high-absorbency, high-surface-area carrier graft composed of human demineralized cortical fibers and granulated cancellous bone (fibrous graft) was compared to different human bone allograft types. The groups tested here were three fibrous grafts with rehydration rates of 2.7, 4, and 8 mL/g (F(2.7), F(4), and F(8)); demineralized bone matrix (DBM); cortical granules; mineralized cancellous bone; and demineralized cancellous bone. The absorption capacity of the bone grafts was assessed after rehydration, the duration of absorption varied from 5 to 30 min, and the elution kinetics of gentamicin were determined over 21 days. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity was assessed using a zone of inhibition (ZOI) test with S. aureus. The fibrous grafts exhibited the greatest tissue matrix absorption capacity, while the mineralized cancellous bone revealed the lowest matrix-bound absorption capacity. For F(2.7) and F(4), a greater elution of gentamicin was observed from 4 h and continuously over the first 3 days when compared to the other grafts. Release kinetics were only marginally affected by the varied incubation times. The enhanced absorption capacity of the fibrous grafts resulted in a prolonged antibiotic release and activity. Therefore, fibrous grafts can serve as suitable carrier grafts, as they are able to retain fluids such as antibiotics at their intended destinations, are easy to handle, and allow for a prolonged antibiotic release. Application of these fibrous grafts can enable surgeons to provide longer courses of antibiotic administration for septic orthopedic indications, thus minimizing infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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13 pages, 4282 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Black Silicon Microneedle Arrays for High Drug Loading
by Wei Cheng, Xue Wang, Shuai Zou, Mengfei Ni, Zheng Lu, Longfei Dai, Jiandong Su, Kai Yang and Xiaodong Su
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050245 - 26 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1489
Abstract
Silicon microneedle (Si-MN) systems are a promising strategy for transdermal drug delivery due to their minimal invasiveness and ease of processing and application. Traditional Si-MN arrays are usually fabricated by using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) processes, which are expensive and not suitable for large-scale [...] Read more.
Silicon microneedle (Si-MN) systems are a promising strategy for transdermal drug delivery due to their minimal invasiveness and ease of processing and application. Traditional Si-MN arrays are usually fabricated by using micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) processes, which are expensive and not suitable for large-scale manufacturing and applications. In addition, Si-MNs have a smooth surface, making it difficult for them to achieve high-dose drug delivery. Herein, we demonstrate a solid strategy to prepare a novel black silicon microneedle (BSi-MN) patch with ultra-hydrophilic surfaces for high drug loading. The proposed strategy consists of a simple fabrication of plain Si-MNs and a subsequent fabrication of black silicon nanowires. First, plain Si-MNs were prepared via a simple method consisting of laser patterning and alkaline etching. The nanowire structures were then prepared on the surfaces of the plain Si-MNs to form the BSi-MNs through Ag-catalyzed chemical etching. The effects of preparation parameters, including Ag+ and HF concentrations during Ag nanoparticle deposition and [HF/(HF + H2O2)] ratio during Ag-catalyzed chemical etching, on the morphology and properties of the BSi-MNs were investigated in detail. The results show that the final prepared BSi-MN patches exhibit an excellent drug loading capability, more than twice that of plain Si-MN patches with the same area, while maintaining comparable mechanical properties for practical skin piercing applications. Moreover, the BSi-MNs exhibit a certain antimicrobial activity that is expected to prevent bacterial growth and disinfect the affected area when applied to the skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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24 pages, 4499 KiB  
Article
Functionalized Halloysite Nanotubes as Potential Drug Carriers
by Ewa Stodolak-Zych, Alicja Rapacz-Kmita, Marcin Gajek, Agnieszka Różycka, Magdalena Dudek and Stanisława Kluska
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030167 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1251
Abstract
The aim of the work was to examine the possibility of using modified halloysite nanotubes as a gentamicin carrier and to determine the usefulness of the modification in terms of the effect on the amount of the drug attached, its release time, but [...] Read more.
The aim of the work was to examine the possibility of using modified halloysite nanotubes as a gentamicin carrier and to determine the usefulness of the modification in terms of the effect on the amount of the drug attached, its release time, but also on the biocidal properties of the carriers. In order to fully examine the halloysite in terms of the possibility of gentamicin incorporating, a number of modifications of the native halloysite were carried out prior to gentamicin intercalation with the use of sodium alkali, sulfuric and phosphoric acids, curcumin and the process of delamination of nanotubes (expanded halloysite) with ammonium persulfate in sulfuric acid. Gentamicin was added to unmodified and modified halloysite in an amount corresponding to the cation exchange capacity of pure halloysite from the Polish Dunino deposit, which was the reference sample for all modified carriers. The obtained materials were tested to determine the effect of surface modification and their interaction with the introduced antibiotic on the biological activity of the carrier, kinetics of drug release, as well as on the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli Gram-negative bacteria (reference strain). For all materials, structural changes were examined using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); thermal differential scanning calorimetry with thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TG) was performed as well. The samples were also observed for morphological changes after modification and drug activation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The conducted tests clearly show that all samples of halloysite intercalated with gentamicin showed high antibacterial activity, with the highest antibacterial activity for the sample modified with sodium hydroxide and intercalated with the drug. It was found that the type of halloysite surface modification has a significant effect on the amount of gentamicin intercalated and then released into the surrounding environment but does not significantly affect its ability to further influence drug release over time. The highest amount of drug released among all intercalated samples was recorded for halloysite modified with ammonium persulfate (real loading efficiency above 11%), for which high antibacterial activity was found after surface modification, before drug intercalation. It is also worth noting that intrinsic antibacterial activity was found for non-drug-intercalated materials after surface functionalization with phosphoric acid (V) and ammonium persulfate in the presence of sulfuric acid (V). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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10 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Composed of Polyethyleneimine-Grafted Chitosan and Polyacrylic Acid for Controlled-Drug-Delivery Applications
by Eliz Selmin Paker and Mehmet Senel
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030131 - 28 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1738
Abstract
In this work, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-grafted chitosan (Chi-g-PEI) was prepared for the fabrication of layer-by-layer (LBL) films for use in sustained-drug-delivery applications. Chi-g-PEI and polyacrylic acid (PAA) multilayer films were formed using the LBL technique. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model drug [...] Read more.
In this work, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-grafted chitosan (Chi-g-PEI) was prepared for the fabrication of layer-by-layer (LBL) films for use in sustained-drug-delivery applications. Chi-g-PEI and polyacrylic acid (PAA) multilayer films were formed using the LBL technique. Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model drug for the investigation of loading and release capabilities of the LBL films. Characterizations of the synthesized copolymer were performed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) techniques, and the thickness of the LBL films was measured using Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The drug-loading and -release behaviors of the LBL films were assessed using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. The results showed that the loading capacity and release rate of MB were affected by ionic strength and pH. In addition, it was demonstrated that PEI-grafted chitosan is a good candidate for the assembling of LBL films for drug-delivery applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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14 pages, 2710 KiB  
Article
The Preparation and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharide–Polylactide Polymers, and In Vitro Release of Microspheres Loaded with Vancomycin
by Jiaxin Li, Ruimin Tang, Penghao Zhang, Minglong Yuan, Hongli Li and Mingwei Yuan
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030113 - 04 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Drug-loaded microspheres are an ideal bone tissue delivery material. In this study, a biodegradable Schiff base chitosan–polylactide was used as the encapsulation material to prepare drug-loaded microspheres as biocompatible carriers for controlled vancomycin release. In this regard, Schiff base chitosan was prepared by [...] Read more.
Drug-loaded microspheres are an ideal bone tissue delivery material. In this study, a biodegradable Schiff base chitosan–polylactide was used as the encapsulation material to prepare drug-loaded microspheres as biocompatible carriers for controlled vancomycin release. In this regard, Schiff base chitosan was prepared by the Schiff base method, and then different proportions of the Schiff base chitosan–polylactide polymer were prepared by ring-opening polymerization. Drug-loaded microspheres were prepared by the W/O emulsion method, and the polymers and polymer microspheres were characterized and studied by NMR, IR, and antibacterial methods. The drug loading and release rates of microspheres were determined to investigate the drug loading, encapsulation efficiency, and release rate of drug microspheres at different ratios. In this study, different proportions of Schiff base chitosan–polylactic acid materials are successfully prepared, and vancomycin-loaded microspheres are successfully prepared using them as carriers. This study proves that the materials have antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The particle size of drug-loaded microspheres was below 10 μm, and the particle size decreased with decreasing molecular weight. The obtained results show that 1:100 microspheres have the highest drug-loading and encapsulation efficiencies, the drug-loaded microspheres have no burst release within 24 h, and the release quantity reaches more than 20%. After 30 days of release, the release amounts of 1:10, 1:20, 1:40, 1:60, and 1:100 drug-loaded microspheres were 64.80 ± 0.29%, 54.43 ± 0.54%, 44.60 ± 0.43%, 42.53 ± 0.40% and 69.73 ± 0.45%, respectively, and the release amount of 1:100 was the highest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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15 pages, 2106 KiB  
Article
HexA-Enzyme Coated Polymer Nanoparticles for the Development of a Drug-Delivery System in the Treatment of Sandhoff Lysosomal Storage Disease
by Eleonora Calzoni, Alessio Cesaretti, Nicolò Montegiove, Alessandro Di Michele, Roberto Maria Pellegrino and Carla Emiliani
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020037 - 31 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2719
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a set of metabolic diseases caused by mutations in genes that are in charge of the production of lysosomal enzymes, resulting in the buildup of non-degraded substrates and the consequent systemic damage that mainly involves the Central Nervous [...] Read more.
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a set of metabolic diseases caused by mutations in genes that are in charge of the production of lysosomal enzymes, resulting in the buildup of non-degraded substrates and the consequent systemic damage that mainly involves the Central Nervous System (CNS). One of the most widely used and studied treatments is Enzyme Replacement Therapy, which is based on the administration of the recombinant deficient enzyme. This strategy has often proved fallacious due to the enzyme instability in body fluids and its inability to reach adequate levels in the CNS. In this work, we developed a system based on nanotechnology that allows a stable enzyme to be obtained by its covalent immobilization on nanoparticles (NPs) of polylactic acid, subsequently administered to a cellular model of LSDs, i.e., Sandhoff disease, caused by the absence or deficiency of the β-d-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase A (HexA) enzyme. The HexA enzymes, loaded onto the polymeric NPs through an immobilization procedure that has already been investigated and validated, were found to be stable over time, maintain optimal kinetic parameters, be able to permeate the plasma membrane, hydrolyze HexA’s natural substrate, and restore enzyme activity close to the levels of healthy cells. These results thus lay the foundation for testing the HexA-NPs in animal models of the disease and thus obtaining an efficient drug-delivery system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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Review

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20 pages, 1672 KiB  
Review
Biopolymer Nanoparticles for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery: A New Promising Approach for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases
by Nicolò Montegiove, Eleonora Calzoni, Carla Emiliani and Alessio Cesaretti
J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(3), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030125 - 24 Aug 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3573
Abstract
Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most disabling and the most difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which represents an impediment from a therapeutic and diagnostic point of view as it limits the [...] Read more.
Diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most disabling and the most difficult to cure due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which represents an impediment from a therapeutic and diagnostic point of view as it limits the entry of most drugs. The use of biocompatible polymer nanoparticles (NPs) as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to the brain arouses increasing interest. However, the route of administration of these vectors remains critical as the drug must be delivered without being degraded to achieve a therapeutic effect. An innovative approach for the administration of drugs to the brain using polymeric carriers is represented by the nose-to-brain (NtB) route which involves the administration of the therapeutic molecule through the neuro-olfactory epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Nasal administration is a non-invasive approach that allows the rapid transport of the drug directly to the brain and minimizes its systemic exposure. To date, many studies involve the use of polymer NPs for the NtB transport of drugs to the brain for the treatment of a whole series of disabling neurological diseases for which, as of today, there is no cure. In this review, various types of biodegradable polymer NPs for drug delivery to the brain through the NtB route are discussed and particular attention is devoted to the treatment of neurological diseases such as Glioblastoma and neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Drug Delivery)
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