Composite Carbon Fibers

A special issue of Journal of Composites Science (ISSN 2504-477X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fiber Composites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 14333

Special Issue Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
Interests: nanotechnology; materials processing; manufacturing; mechanical design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite carbon fibers consist of multiple phases, a continuous carbon phase and additive phases. The continuous carbon fiber phase serves as the matrix, which provides the mechanical strength for the composite fibers. The additive phases including oxide particles, carbon nanotubes, organic or inorganic coatings, and graphene sheets are functional components. Such functional components allow composite carbon fibers to be useful in various fields. For example, ceramics-coated carbon fibers can improve the thermal shock and ablation property of high-temperature-resistant composite materials. Bi–Te or Sb–Te particle-containing carbon fibers demonstrate excellent thermoelectric energy conversion performance. Iron-oxide-loaded carbon fibers have been considered to be used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. Titanium oxide nanoparticle-embedded carbon fibers show photovoltaic behavior. Composite carbon fibers are also proposed for building flexible sensors and energy convertors.

The objective of this Special Issue is to provide a forum for researchers to publish important findings and exchange ideas on the fundamental studies and applications of composite carbon fibers. Research papers and review articles are welcome. The scope of the Special Issue is on, but not limited to, the following topics: composite carbon fiber processing and manufacturing technology, structure and morphology studies, mechanical testing, physical property characterization, electrochemical performance evaluation, and exploration of new applications.

Dr. Yong X. Gan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Composite carbon fiber
  • Processing method
  • Manufacturing technology
  • Activated composite carbon fiber
  • Particle-containing carbon fiber
  • Nanotube-added carbon fiber
  • Coating on carbon fiber
  • Energy storage
  • Mechanical property
  • Failure mechanisms
  • Sensing
  • Energy conversion
  • Environment protection
  • Water purification
  • High temperature resistance
  • Oxidation prevention
  • Catalysis
  • Biomedical applications
  • Photovoltaics
  • Thermoelectricity
  • Flexible electronics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 12107 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Life Prediction for Carbon-SMC and Carbon-FRP by Considering Elastic Modulus Degradation
by Yeong Cheol Im, Dong Yeop Kim, Sang Won Lim, Sang Jae Yoon, Chi Hoon Choi and Myung Hyun Kim
J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5(2), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020054 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3323
Abstract
In the automotive industry, being lightweight has become an important design factor with the enhancement of environmental regulations. As a result, many studies on the application of composite materials are in progress. Among them, interest in carbon materials, such as carbon sheet molding [...] Read more.
In the automotive industry, being lightweight has become an important design factor with the enhancement of environmental regulations. As a result, many studies on the application of composite materials are in progress. Among them, interest in carbon materials, such as carbon sheet molding compound (C-SMC) and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP), which have excellent strength and stiffness, is increasing. However, CFRP is a material that makes it difficult to secure economic feasibility due to its relatively high manufacturing costs and limited mass production, despite its excellent mechanical strength and durability. As a result, many studies have been conducted on C-SMC as an alternative carbon composite material that can be easily mass-produced. In this regard, this study intended to conduct a study on evaluating the fatigue strength of C-SMC and CFRP among mechanical properties due to the lack of clear failure criteria for fatigue design. We investigated the tensile and fatigue strengths of C-SMC and CFRP, respectively. In the case of C-SMC, the mechanical strength tests were conducted for two different width conditions to evaluate the cutting effect and the machining methods to assess the effects of the edge conditions. To evaluate the fatigue failure assessment criteria, the stiffness drop and elastic modulus degradation criteria were applied for each fatigue test result from the C-SMC and CFRP. The results confirmed that the rationality of the failure criteria in terms of the stiffness drop and the application of the fatigue life prediction of C-SMC based on elastic modulus degradation demonstrated promising results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Carbon Fibers)
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11 pages, 2988 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Electrical and Photonic Properties of Cobalt Oxide-Containing Composite Carbon Fibers
by Yong X. Gan and Jeremy B. Gan
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(4), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4040156 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
In this work, cobalt acetate was incorporated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer through electrospinning as the cobalt oxide source. After oxidization and pyrolysis, a PAN-derived composite carbon fiber containing cobalt oxide was obtained. Measuring the electrical and photonic properties of the composite fiber under [...] Read more.
In this work, cobalt acetate was incorporated into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer through electrospinning as the cobalt oxide source. After oxidization and pyrolysis, a PAN-derived composite carbon fiber containing cobalt oxide was obtained. Measuring the electrical and photonic properties of the composite fiber under visible light irradiation was performed to evaluate the photoelectric behavior of the composite fiber. The p-type semiconducting behavior of the composite fiber was confirmed by measuring the open circuit voltage of a photochemical fuel cell consisting of the photosensitive electrode made from the composite fiber. The application of the composite fiber for glucose sensing was demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Carbon Fibers)
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Review

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39 pages, 8030 KiB  
Review
Advances in Manufacturing Composite Carbon Nanofiber-Based Aerogels
by Yong X. Gan and Jeremy B. Gan
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020073 - 16 Jun 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4972
Abstract
This article provides an overview on manufacturing composite carbon nanofiber-based aerogels through freeze casting technology. As known, freeze casting is a relatively new manufacturing technique for generating highly porous structures. During the process, deep cooling is used first to rapidly solidify a well-dispersed [...] Read more.
This article provides an overview on manufacturing composite carbon nanofiber-based aerogels through freeze casting technology. As known, freeze casting is a relatively new manufacturing technique for generating highly porous structures. During the process, deep cooling is used first to rapidly solidify a well-dispersed slurry. Then, vacuum drying is conducted to sublimate the solvent. This allows the creation of highly porous materials. Although the freeze casting technique was initially developed for porous ceramics processing, it has found various applications, especially for making aerogels. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely high volume of free spaces, which contributes to the characteristics of high porosity, ultralight, large specific surface area, huge interface area, and in addition, super low thermal conductivity. Recently, carbon nanofiber aerogels have been studied to achieve exceptional properties of high stiffness, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating. The freeze casting technology has been reported for preparing carbon nanofiber composite aerogels for energy storage, energy conversion, water purification, catalysis, fire prevention etc. This review deals with freeze casting carbon nanofiber composite materials consisting of functional nanoparticles with exceptional properties. The content of this review article is organized as follows. The first part will introduce the general freeze casting manufacturing technology of aerogels with the emphasis on how to use the technology to make nanoparticle-containing composite carbon nanofiber aerogels. Then, modeling and characterization of the freeze cast particle-containing carbon nanofibers will be presented with an emphasis on modeling the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the carbon nanofiber network aerogels. After that, the applications of the carbon nanofiber aerogels will be described. Examples of energy converters, supercapacitors, secondary battery electrodes, dye absorbents, sensors, and catalysts made from composite carbon nanofiber aerogels will be shown. Finally, the perspectives to future work will be presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Carbon Fibers)
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Other

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9 pages, 2102 KiB  
Technical Note
Remanufacturing of Woven Carbon Fibre Fabric Production Waste into High Performance Aligned Discontinuous Fibre Composites
by Parthasarathi Aravindan, Federico Becagli, Marco L. Longana, Lourens G. Blok, Thomas R. Pozegic, Samantha J. Huntley, Thomas Rendall and Ian Hamerton
J. Compos. Sci. 2020, 4(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020068 - 06 Jun 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3503
Abstract
The composites industry generates considerable volumes of waste in a wide variety of forms, from the production of by-products to end-of-life parts. This paper focuses on the remanufacturing of dry fibre off-cuts, produced during the composite fabric weaving process, into highly aligned discontinuous [...] Read more.
The composites industry generates considerable volumes of waste in a wide variety of forms, from the production of by-products to end-of-life parts. This paper focuses on the remanufacturing of dry fibre off-cuts, produced during the composite fabric weaving process, into highly aligned discontinuous fibre prepreg tapes with High Performance Discontinuous Fibre (HiPerDiF) technology. Unidirectional laminate specimens are prepared using various combinations of fibre lengths and tested in tension, obtaining a stiffness of 80 GPa, a strength of 800 MPa, and a failure strain of 1%. Several applications are envisaged for the produced tape: adhesive film, feedstock for filament winding, and tow for weaved fabrics. This work demonstrates the possibility to extract value from what is currently considered manufacturing waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Composite Carbon Fibers)
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