Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology & Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 May 2023) | Viewed by 8705

Special Issue Editor

1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Hospitals Corporation Okubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
2. Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: β-cell; visceral fat; sarcopenia; sarcopenic obesity
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the advancements in the treatment of diabetes, many people still suffer from diabetic complications. Moreover, the recent worldwide outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused tremendous damage to patients' glycemic control, due to the difficulties encountered in maintaining regular visits to hospitals and a healthy diet, as well as in performing regular exercise. Thus, today's patients with diabetes require treatment and ways to detect and manage diabetes-related complications that can be performed without frequent visits. The present Special Issue aims to provide a broad updated spectrum of knowledge on pathogenetic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of diabetes. Any news incorporating the COVID-19 viral pandemic and its consequences on patients with diabetes, including telemedicine initiatives, is also welcome.

Dr. Tatsuya Fukuda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • undiagnosed diabetes
  • comorbidities
  • complications
  • therapeutic drugs
  • treatment strategies

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 180 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications”
by Tatsuya Fukuda
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(15), 4510; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11154510 - 02 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1113
Abstract
The purpose of this Special Issue, “Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications” is to bring more attention to diabetes and its complications and share the latest findings with the medical community [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)

Research

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14 pages, 1386 KiB  
Article
Association between Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy as Measured Using a Point-of-Care Sural Nerve Conduction Device and Urinary Albumin Excretion in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
by Tatsuya Fukuda, Akiko Fujii, Taro Akihisa, Naoya Otsubo, Masanori Murakami, Tetsuya Yamada and Chisato Maki
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 4089; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124089 - 16 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1367
Abstract
Background: It is not well known whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosed using a non-invasive point-of-care nerve conduction device called DPN-Check® is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with urinary albumin excretion in patients [...] Read more.
Background: It is not well known whether diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosed using a non-invasive point-of-care nerve conduction device called DPN-Check® is associated with diabetic nephropathy. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes using DPN-Check®. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 323 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in a spot urine sample was defined as urinary albumin excretion. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of DPN-Check®-determined diabetic peripheral neuropathy with urinary albumin excretion. Results: Patients with DPN-Check®-determined diabetic peripheral neuropathy had significantly higher urinary albumin excretion than those without, while there was no difference in urinary albumin excretion between patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy determined by simplified diagnostic criteria. In the multivariate model, the DPN-Check® determined that diabetic peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with urinary albumin excretion even after adjustment for covariates (standardized β, 0.123; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Our study found a significant association between diabetic peripheral neuropathy diagnosed using DPN-Check® and urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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14 pages, 700 KiB  
Article
Cross Sectional and Case-Control Study to Assess Time Trend, Gender Differences and Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Adults with Diabetes: Analysis of the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (2014 & 2020)
by Carlos Llamas-Saez, Teresa Saez-Vaquero, Rodrigo Jiménez-García, Ana López-de-Andrés, David Carabantes-Alarcón, José J. Zamorano-León, Natividad Cuadrado-Corrales, Napoleón Pérez-Farinos and Julia Wärnberg
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(6), 2443; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12062443 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1133
Abstract
(1) Background: We aim to assess the time trend from 2014 to 2020 in the prevalence of physical activity (PA), identify gender differences and sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with PA among people with diabetes, and compare PA between people with and without [...] Read more.
(1) Background: We aim to assess the time trend from 2014 to 2020 in the prevalence of physical activity (PA), identify gender differences and sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with PA among people with diabetes, and compare PA between people with and without diabetes. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional and a case–control study using as data source the European Health Interview Surveys for Spain (EHISS) conducted in years 2014 and 2020. The presence of diabetes and PA were self-reported. Covariates included socio-demographic characteristics, health-related variables, and lifestyles. To compare people with and without diabetes, we matched individuals by age and sex. (3) Results: The number of participants aged ≥18 years with self-reported diabetes were 1852 and 1889 in the EHISS2014 and EHISS2020, respectively. The proportion of people with diabetes that had a medium or high frequency of PA improved from 48.3% in 2014 to 52.6% in 2020 (p = 0.009), with 68.5% in 2014 and 77.7% in 2020 being engaged in two or more days of PA (p < 0.001). Males with diabetes reported more PA than females with diabetes in both surveys. After matching by age and gender, participants with diabetes showed significantly lower engagement in PA than those without diabetes. Among adults with diabetes, multivariable logistic regression showed confirmation that PA improved significantly from 2014 to 2020 and that male sex, higher educational level, and better self-rated health were variables associated to more PA. However, self-reported comorbidities, smoking, or BMI > 30 were associated to less PA. (4) Conclusions: The time trend of PA among Spanish adults with diabetes is favorable but insufficient. The prevalence of PA in this diabetes population is low and does not reach the levels of the general population. Gender differences were found with significantly more PA among males with diabetes. Our result could help to improve the design and implementation of public health strategies to improve PA among people with diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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9 pages, 1465 KiB  
Article
Underweight Is Associated with a Higher Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
by Young Hoon Choi, Kyung-Do Han, In Rae Cho, In Seok Lee, Ji Kon Ryu, Yong-Tae Kim, Kwang Hyun Chung and Sang Hyub Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5641; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195641 - 25 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1201
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is known as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis, but the risk of acute pancreatitis according to glycemic status and body mass index (BMI) has remained unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the risk of acute pancreatitis according to BMI [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes is known as a risk factor for acute pancreatitis, but the risk of acute pancreatitis according to glycemic status and body mass index (BMI) has remained unknown. Therefore, we aim to investigate the risk of acute pancreatitis according to BMI and glycemic status. We included 3,912,496 subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance System cohort who underwent the National Health Screening program in 2009. Each subject’s clinical course was examined through follow-ups until December 2018. BMI and glycemic status were each categorized into five groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) of acute pancreatitis according to BMI and glycemic status were calculated. The adjusted HRs of acute pancreatitis were the highest in the underweight group (BMI < 18.5) in all five glycemic status categories. The HR of acute pancreatitis in the underweight group increased as the glycemic status worsened, excluding the category of diabetes for more than five years (HR 1.381 for normal fasting glucose; 1.805 for impaired fasting glucose; 2.332 for new-onset diabetes; 4.51 for diabetes duration <5 years; 4.135 for diabetes duration ≥5 years). We found that the risk of acute pancreatitis was further increased in the underweight group, depending on the status and duration of type 2 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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9 pages, 873 KiB  
Article
Elevated One-Hour Post-Load Glucose Is Independently Associated with Albuminuria: A Cross-Sectional Population Study
by Anni Saunajoki, Juha Auvinen, Aini Bloigu, Jouko Saramies, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Hannu Uusitalo, Esko Hussi, Henna Cederberg-Tamminen, Kadri Suija, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi and Markku Timonen
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 4124; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144124 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1270
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the associations between albuminuria and fasting (FPG), 1 h post-load (1 h PG) and 2 h post-load plasma glucose (2 h PG) in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A total of 496 [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the associations between albuminuria and fasting (FPG), 1 h post-load (1 h PG) and 2 h post-load plasma glucose (2 h PG) in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). A total of 496 people free of known diabetes (mean age 72 years) participated in the examinations including the OGTT with plasma glucose measurements at 0, 1, and 2 h and levels of HbA1c. Albuminuria was determined by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and was defined as ≥3.0 mg/mmol. Compared with those without albuminuria, participants with albuminuria had significantly higher 1 h PG and 2 h PG levels, but not FPG or HbA1c levels. An elevated 1 h PG increased the estimated odds ratio of albuminuria more than three times in people with prediabetic 1 h PG (8.6–11.5 mmol/L: OR 3.60; 95% CI 1.70–7.64) and diabetic 1 h PG (≥11.6 mmol/L: OR 3.05; 95% CI 1.29–7.23). After adjusting for blood pressure and age, the association of elevated 1 h PG with albuminuria remained significant. Prediabetic or diabetic FPG, 2 h PG, or HbA1c did not have a statistically significant association with albuminuria. These findings suggest that 1 h PG seems to be the best glycemic parameter and is useful in recognizing persons with an elevated risk of early kidney disease due to hyperglycemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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Review

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13 pages, 871 KiB  
Review
Gastrointestinal and Liver Complications in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus—A Review of the Literature
by Ruxandra Mare and Ioan Sporea
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5223; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175223 - 04 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
The number of diabetes mellitus patients has increased over the last few years in developing countries, along with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Besides macroangiopathy and microangiopathy, damage to the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system is the most common chronic complication of [...] Read more.
The number of diabetes mellitus patients has increased over the last few years in developing countries, along with obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Besides macroangiopathy and microangiopathy, damage to the nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous system is the most common chronic complication of diabetes. Digestive complications in diabetic patients represent a consequence of diabetic autonomic neuropathy involving the gastrointestinal tract, but unfortunately not always evaluated by diabetologists. Aside from the complications encountered in the digestive tract, patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to developing liver diseases. This review will describe the prevalence of these complications, the modality of diagnosis, and therapeutical solutions in order to reduce the risk of progression of these complications in diabetic subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Complications)
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