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Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "General Surgery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 17721

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Prof. Dr. Rudy Leon de Wilde

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Guest Editor

Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital for Gynecology, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Georgstreet 12, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
Interests: reproductive surgery; oncological surgery; minimal-access surgery; endometriosis surgery; gynecological surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Sven Becker

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Co-Guest Editor

Head, Department of Gynecological Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
Interests: reproductive surgery; oncological surgery; minimal-access surgery; endometriosis surgery; gynecological surgery

Prof. Dr. Harald Krentel

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Co-Guest Editor

Gynecology, Obstetrics, Gynecological Oncology, Bethesda Hospital, 47053 Duisburg, Germany
Interests: deep endometriosis; adenomyosis; pelvic retroperitoneal surgery; transvaginal ultrasound; robotic surgery; laparo-scopic surgery; hysteroscopic surgery; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; ovarian cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the last several decades, minimal-access surgery has become the gold standard in many diseases and concomitant therapies because of the obvious benefits for patients. In this transition period, multiple challenges had to be coped with. However, the inherent risks of working in a closed environment especially require further attention and research. This Special Issue represents a meaningful contribution to the scientific evolution, and discusses several up to date topics with which surgeons in the field are confronted. Key opinion leaders are giving their comments in the form of expert statements, as a guide for clinical use and upcoming investigations.

Prof. Dr. Rudy Leon de Wilde
Prof. Dr. Sven Becker
Prof. Dr. Harald Krentel
Guest Editors

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Keywords

minimal-access surgery
surgical complications
operative risks
tumor surgery
minimally invasive therapy

Published Papers (8 papers)

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11 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Safety and Effectiveness of Single-Stage, Vessel-Preserving, Laparoscopic Orchiopexy for Intra-Abdominal Testes in Pediatric Patients: A 10-Year Single-Center Experience

by Zenon Pogorelić, Josipa Šitum, Tomislav Barić and Marijan Šitum

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2045; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072045 - 01 Apr 2024

Viewed by 476

Abstract

Objectives: Intra-abdominal testes are located in a variety of intra-abdominal positions, most less than 2 cm from the internal ring. Various surgical techniques of laparoscopic orchiopexy have been described to date. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy of a single-stage, vessel-preserving, laparoscopic orchiopexy for intra-abdominal testes in pediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective search of the medical records of 32 children (34 testes) who underwent single-stage, vessel preserving, laparoscopic orchiopexy for intra-abdominal testes between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2023 was performed. Single-stage laparoscopic orchiopexies were performed in all patients for whom sufficient length of the spermatic cord was achieved during the procedure. The volume of each patient’s testes was measured using ultrasound before and 6 months after laparoscopic orchiopexy. The main outcome of this study was testicular volume before and after the procedure. The secondary outcomes were the occurrence of early and late complications, the duration of surgery, and the length of hospital stay. Results: The median age at the time of surgery was 10 months (interquartile range—IQR 9, 13). The majority of the children (n = 24; 75%) were less than 12 months old at the time of surgery. A normal testis was found in 24 patients (70.6%), while a hypotrophic testis was visible in 10 cases (29.4%). The majority of the testes were located near the internal ring (n = 19; 55.9%), while in the remaining cases, the testes were located near the iliac blood vessels. The median duration of the surgical procedure was 37.5 min (IQR 33, 42.5). The duration of hospitalization was one day for all the children. No intraoperative complications were observed. One child had a wound infection at the site of the umbilical trocar, which was treated conservatively. In two cases (5.5%), testicular atrophy was detected during long-term follow-up. In three cases, the testis was found in a higher position in the scrotum during the follow-up period, but in two cases, the position was normal during the follow-up period, while in one case, the position in the scrotum remained unchanged. At long-term follow-up with a median of 35 months (IQR 19, 60.5), the overall success rate was 94.5%. The median testicular volume at 6-month follow-up increased from 0.31 mL (IQR 0.28, 0.43) to 0.40 mL (IQR 0.33, 0.53) (p = 0.017). Conclusions: Single-stage, vessel-preserving, laparoscopic orchiopexies for intra-abdominal testes are safe and effective in pediatric patients in whom adequate spermatic cord length can be achieved during the procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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10 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rate of Leiomyosarcomas during Surgery for Uterine Fibroids: 8-Year Experience of a Single Center

by Dimitrios Zouzoulas, Dimitrios Tsolakidis, Olga I. Pavlidi, Panagiotis D. Pappas, Theodoros Theodoridis, George Pados, Stavroula Pervana, Elsa Pazarli and Grigoris Grimbizis

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(24), 7555; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12247555 - 07 Dec 2023

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Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of occult malignant mesenchymal tumors in patients operated on for uterine fibroids in relation to the surgical approach and type of operation. A retrospective review of all patients that underwent surgery for uterine fibroids (January 2011–December 2018) at the 1st Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at “Papageorgiou” Hospital. The surgical approach and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. A total of 803 patients were operated on: 603 (75.1%) with laparotomy, 187 (23.3%) laparoscopically, and 13 (1.6%) vaginally. Furthermore, 423 (52.7%) patients underwent hysterectomy and 380 (47.3%) myomectomies. Laparoscopy and myomectomy were offered to younger patients with fewer smaller uterine fibroids and were associated with statistically significant shorter hospitalization. The pathological reports revealed: 690 (86%) benign leiomyomas, 32 (4%) cellular leiomyomas, 29 (3.6%) degenerated leiomyomas, 22 (2.7%) adenomyomas, 18 (2.2%) atypical-bizarre leiomyomas, 1 (0.1%) STUMP, 5 (0.65%) endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 6 (0.75%) cases of leiomyosarcomas (LMS). All LMS were preoperatively characterized as suspicious and underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Morcellation was offered in two cases of atypical leiomyomas, with no morcellation-associated complication. Laparoscopy as a valuable surgical approach for young patients with fewer in number and smaller in size fibroids is associated with shorter hospitalization. The risk of unintended morcellation of LMS seems to be very low and can be reduced with careful preoperative work-up but not eliminated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

14 pages, 2080 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Future of Minimal-Access Myoma Surgery with In-Bag Contained Morcellation

by Rajesh Devassy, Rohan Rajesh Devassy, Maya Sophie de Wilde, Harald Krentel, Aizura Adlan, Luz Angela Torres-de la Roche and Rudy Leon De Wilde

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3628; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113628 - 23 May 2023

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Abstract

Contained electromechanical morcellation has emerged as a safety approach for laparoscopic myomatous tissue retrieval. This retrospective single-center analysis evaluated the bag deployment practicability and safety of electromechanical in-bag morcellation when used for big surgical benign specimens. The main age of patients was 39.3 years (range 21 to 71); 804 myomectomies, 242 supracervical hysterectomies, 73 total hysterectomies, and 1 retroperitoneal tumor extirpation were performed. A total of 78.7% of specimens weighed more than 250 g (n = 881) and 9% more than 1000 g. The largest specimens, weighing 2933 g, 3183 g, and 4780 g, required two bags for complete morcellation. Neither difficulties nor complications related to bag manipulation were recorded. Small bag puncture was detected in two cases, but peritoneal washing cytology was free of debris. One retroperitoneal angioleiomyomatosis and three malignancies were detected in histology (leiomyosarcoma = 2; sarcoma = 1); therefore, patients underwent radical surgery. All patients were disease-free at 3 years follow-up, but one patient presented multiple abdominal metastases of the leiomyosarcoma in the third year; she refused subsequent surgery and was lost from follow-up. This large series demonstrates that laparoscopic bag morcellation is a safe and comfortable method to remove large and giant uterine tumors. Bag manipulation takes only a few minutes, and perforations rarely occur and are easy to detect intraoperatively. This technique did not result in the spread of debris during myoma surgery, potentially avoiding the additional risk of parasitic fibroma or peritoneal sarcoma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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10 pages, 2332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Inguinal Herniorrhaphy: Experience of a Single Institute

by Wei-Quen Tee, Yen-Ting Wu, Hung-Jen Wang, Yao-Chi Chuang, Wei-Chia Lee, Chia-Hung Tsai, Long-Yuan Lee and Chien-Hsu Chen

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051786 - 23 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Background: Minimally invasive techniques for inguinal herniorrhaphy have focused on developing the laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) procedure to improve cosmesis. Outcomes of total extraperitoneal (TEP) herniorrhaphy vary considerably because of being performed by different surgeons. We aimed to evaluate the perioperative characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing the LESS-TEP approach for inguinal herniorrhaphy and to determine its overall safety and effectiveness. Methods: Data of 233 patients who underwent 288 laparoendoscopic single-site total extraperitoneal approach (LESS-TEP) herniorrhaphies at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2014 and July 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. We reviewed the experiences and results of LESS-TEP herniorrhaphy performed by a single surgeon (CHC) using homemade glove access and standard laparoscopic instruments with a 50 cm long 30° telescope. Results: Among 233 patients, 178 patients had unilateral hernias and 55 patients had bilateral hernias. About 32% (n = 57) of patients in the unilateral group and 29% (n = 16) of patients in the bilateral group were obese (body mass index ≥ 25). The mean operative time was 66 min for the unilateral group and 100 min for the bilateral group. Postoperative complications occurred in 27 (11%) cases, which were minor morbidities except for one mesh infection. Three (1.2%) cases were converted to open surgery. Comparison of the variables between obese and non-obese patients found no significant differences in operative times or postoperative complications. Conclusion: LESS-TEP herniorrhaphy is a safe and feasible operation with excellent cosmetic results and a low rate of complication, even in obese patients. Further large-scale prospective controlled studies and long-term analyses are needed to confirm these results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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12 pages, 1320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk Factors for Adhesion-Related Readmission and Abdominal Reoperation after Gynecological Surgery: A Nationwide Cohort Study

by Masja Toneman, Tjitske Groenveld, Pepijn Krielen, Angelo Hooker, Rudy de Wilde, Luz Angela Torres-de la Roche, Atillio Di Spiezio Sardo, Philippe Koninckx, Ying Cheong, Annemiek Nap, Harry van Goor, Pille Pargmae and Richard ten Broek

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041351 - 08 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1824

Abstract

More than half of women in developed countries undergo surgery during their lifetime, putting them at risk of adhesion-related complications. Adhesion-related complications include small bowel obstruction, chronic (pelvic) pain, subfertility, and complications associated with adhesiolysis during reoperation. The aim of this study is to predict the risk for adhesion-related readmission and reoperation after gynecological surgery. A Scottish nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted including all women undergoing a gynecological procedure as their initial abdominal or pelvic operation between 1 June 2009 and 30 June 2011, with a five-year follow-up. Prediction models for two- and five-year risk of adhesion-related readmission and reoperation were constructed and visualized using nomograms. To evaluate the reliability of the created prediction model, internal cross-validation was performed using bootstrap methods. During the study period, 18,452 women were operated on, and 2719 (14.7%) of them were readmitted for reasons possibly related to adhesions. A total of 2679 (14.5%) women underwent reoperation. Risk factors for adhesion-related readmission were younger age, malignancy as indication, intra-abdominal infection, previous radiotherapy, application of a mesh, and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease. Transvaginal surgery was associated with a lower risk of adhesion-related complications as compared to laparoscopic or open surgeries. The prediction model for both readmissions and reoperations had moderate predictive reliability (c-statistics 0.711 and 0.651). This study identified risk factors for adhesion-related morbidity. The constructed prediction models can guide the targeted use of adhesion prevention methods and preoperative patient information in decision-making. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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8 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prophylactic Salpingectomy during Hysterectomy for Benign Disease: A Prospective Study to Evaluate High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Precursors

by Garri Tchartchian, Bernd Bojahr, Lucas Heils, Harald Krentel and Rudy L. De Wilde

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010296 - 30 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1463

Abstract

Recent findings suggest that high-grade serous ovarian cancer can originate in the fallopian tube. Not only has that made the identification of precursor lesions pivotal in early detection and prevention of these cancers, prophylactic salpingectomy alongside hysterectomy for benign indications has been increasingly proposed as well. The present prospective single-center study included 273 women who underwent opportunistic salpingectomy alongside laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. Uterine and tubal histopathological results as well as intra- and postoperative complications were evaluated. The complication rate was 3.3%, of which none were caused by salpingectomy. Uterine histopathology diagnosed 181 patients (66.8%) with uterine myomas, 60 patients (22.1%) with adenomyosis, 29 patients (10.7%) with adenomyomatosis, and, 1 patient (0.4%) without pathological abnormality. p53 signatures were detected in 221 right fallopian tubes (80.9%) and in 229 left tubes (83.9%). In total, 8 patients showed bilateral STIL (2.9%), whereas in 1 patient (0.4%) STIL was detected in the left tube only. No STIC were detected. Laparoscopic opportunistic salpingectomy is demonstrated to be both safe and feasible. It appears to be promising to reduce the risk for ovarian cancer, yet more studies are needed to undoubtedly confirm this. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

20 pages, 2014 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intraoperative Appearance of Endosalpingiosis: A Single-Center Experience of Laparoscopic Findings and Systematic Review of Literature

by Laurin Burla, Dimitrios Rafail Kalaitzopoulos, Anna Mrozek, Markus Eberhard and Nicolas Samartzis

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(23), 7006; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237006 - 27 Nov 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6149

Abstract

Background: Endosalpingiosis is assumed to be the second most common benign peritoneal pathology after endometriosis in women. Although recent studies indicate a significant association with gynecologic malignancies, many underlying principles remain unclear. This work aimed to systematically describe the intraoperative appearance of endosalpingiosis. Methods: Data and intraoperative videos of patients with histologically verified endosalpingiosis were retrospectively reviewed. The main outcome measures were macroscopic phenotype and anatomical distribution. Additionally, a systematic review searching PubMed (Medline) and Embase was conducted. Results: In the study population (n = 77, mean age 40.2 years (SD 16.4)), the mean size of lesions was 3.6 mm and the main visual pattern was vesicular (62%). The most frequent localization was the sacrouterine ligaments (24.7%). In the systematic review population (n = 1174 (210 included studies overall), mean age 45.7 years (SD 14.4)), there were 99 patients in 90 different studies with adequate data to assess the appearance of the lesions. The mean size of the lesions was 48.5 mm, mainly with a cystic visual pattern (49.5%). The majority of the lesions affected the ovaries (23.2%), fallopian tubes (20.4%), or lymph nodes (18.5%). Comparing this study to the literature population, the main differences concerned the size (p < 0.001) and main visual patterns (p < 0.001) of lesions. Conclusions: The usual intraoperative findings of endosalpingiosis appeared less impressive than described in the literature. In our study population, lesions of a few millimeters in size with a vesicular appearance were mostly seen, most frequently in the sacrouterine ligament area. Intraoperative recognition by the gynecologic surgeon and histologic diagnosis should play an important role in further understanding this entity, scientifically and clinically. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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14 pages, 8121 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Robotic Surgery for Bladder Endometriosis: A Systematic Review and Approach

by Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira, Thiers Soares Raymundo, Thiago Dantas Pereira, Ricardo José de Souza, Felipe Vaz Lima, Rudy Leon De Wilde and Leila Cristina Brollo

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(16), 5416; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165416 - 21 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1237

Abstract

Introduction: Women with bladder endometriosis often present with more advanced stages of endometriosis. Robotic surgery has emerged as a promising approach to the management of bladder endometriosis. This systematic review aims to analyze the current literature on robotic surgery for bladder endometriosis and describe our systematic approach to surgical treatment. Methods: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines, which ensured a comprehensive and transparent approach to selecting and evaluating relevant studies. We conducted a thorough literature search to identify studies that investigated the use of robotic surgery for bladder endometriosis. Relevant databases were searched, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select eligible studies. Data extraction and analysis were performed to assess the outcomes and effectiveness of robotic surgery for the treatment of bladder endometriosis. Results: We did not find any randomized clinical trials with the use of robotics in the treatment of bladder endometriosis. We found only two retrospective studies comparing robotic surgery with laparoscopy, and another retrospective study comparing robotic surgery, laparoscopy, and laparotomy in the treatment of bladder endometriosis. All the other 12 studies were solely case reports. Despite the lack of robust evidence in the literature, the studies demonstrated that robotic surgery is feasible and is associated with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery. Conclusions: The utilization of robotic technology is a promising option for the surgical management of bladder endometriosis. We advocate a surgical systematic approach for the robotic treatment of bladder endometriosis. Robotic technology, with its 3D vision, instrumental degrees of freedom, and precision, particularly in suturing, may provide potential benefits over traditional laparoscopy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Minimal Access Surgery: Challenges in Clinical Practice)

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