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(Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From...
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(Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 September 2023) | Viewed by 16927

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Pietro Muratori

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Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
Interests: children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral difficulties; children with disruptive behavior disorder; cognitive psychotherapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valentina Levantini

E-Mail
Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
Interests: youths with disruptive behavior disorder; children with aggressive behavioral problems; emotional problems in children

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents are relevant both in terms of their prevalence and their impact on the quality of life of the child/adolescent and their family. Psychiatric disorders include emotional symptoms (i.e., anxiety, emotional dysregulation, peer problems) and/or behavioral symptoms (hyperactivity, oppositional, and conduct problems), which frequently lead to persistent adverse outcomes. An especially relevant topic is represented by neurodevelopmental disorders (ADHD, Autism). Even though their characteristics might change across time, their symptoms and consequences echo for the whole lifespan. Often children and adolescents present co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders; therefore, they require a specific approach integrating contributions from different professionals (e.g., pediatricians, psychiatrists, psychologists, and therapists of different sorts). Therefore, the current Special Issue aims to gather original and exciting articles presenting the latest news about the treatment of youths’ psychiatric disorders. We will also consider articles exploring the protective and risk factors of psychiatric symptoms in children and adolescents.

We invite both empirical studies and conceptual/theoretical contributions related to the above-described topics for this Special Issue. We are open to various theoretical, practical, and methodological perspectives and hope that this Special Issue will be a multifaceted and stimulating collection of works with multiple perspectives. We strongly hope that this Special Issue will collect contributions from experts from different backgrounds, and we also highly encourage researchers from all subdisciplines in psychology and medicine to join.

Prof. Dr. Pietro Muratori
Dr. Valentina Levantini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • intervention program
  • youth psychopathology
  • internalizing disorders
  • externalizing disorders
  • psychiatric disorders

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 296 KiB  
Article
Significance of Selected Environmental and Biological Factors on the Risk of FASD in Women Who Drink Alcohol during Pregnancy
by Elżbieta Grzywacz, Bogusław Brzuchalski, Małgorzata Śmiarowska, Damian Malinowski, Anna Machoy-Mokrzyńska and Monika Anna Białecka
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6185; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196185 - 25 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which refers to alcohol consumption by pregnant women, is associated with the risk of numerous severe complications during fetal development. The State Agency for Alcohol Problem Solving reports that the incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Poland’s [...] Read more.
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which refers to alcohol consumption by pregnant women, is associated with the risk of numerous severe complications during fetal development. The State Agency for Alcohol Problem Solving reports that the incidence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in Poland’s general population is over 1.7%, and the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is estimated at more than 0.5%. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of alcohol exposure and focused on the pattern of alcohol intoxication exhibited by the mother during pregnancy and other environmental factors of the maternal environment contributing to the development of FASD. The study covered 554 subjects, including 251 mothers and 303 children (213 girls and 90 boys). The mother’s drinking problem was determined based on the information obtained from the case history. All children qualified for the study fulfilled the h-PAE (high alcohol exposure) criteria during their fetal life. The clinical diagnosis of FAS and pFAS (occurrence of morphological symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome) was made using a four-digit diagnostic questionnaire validated in the Polish version of the Washington Questionnaire for the assessment of the spectrum of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders or alcohol-related cognitive impairment (ARND/C). Statistical analysis of the obtained research results was developed using statistical software–STATISTICA PL, version 13.1 (StatSoft, Inc., Szczecin, Poland 2016, STATISTICA–data analysis software system, version 13.1). The most destructive drinking behaviors are compulsive intoxication (BD, binge drinking) during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and chronic addiction throughout its duration (CHD, chronic drinking). Chronic alcohol intoxication (CHD) leads to a poorer nutritional status in mothers, which is reflected in a lower body mass index (BMI) (<18 kg/m2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
23 pages, 870 KiB  
Article
Mindful Coping Power Effects on Children’s Autonomic Nervous System Functioning and Long-Term Behavioral Outcomes
by Caroline L. Boxmeyer, Catanya G. Stager, Shari Miller, John E. Lochman, Devon E. Romero, Nicole P. Powell, Chuong Bui and Lixin Qu
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3621; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113621 - 23 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1404
Abstract
Mindful Coping Power (MCP) was developed to enhance the effects of the Coping Power (CP) preventive intervention on children’s reactive aggression by integrating mindfulness training into CP. In prior pre–post analyses in a randomized trial of 102 children, MCP improved children’s self-reported anger [...] Read more.
Mindful Coping Power (MCP) was developed to enhance the effects of the Coping Power (CP) preventive intervention on children’s reactive aggression by integrating mindfulness training into CP. In prior pre–post analyses in a randomized trial of 102 children, MCP improved children’s self-reported anger modulation, self-regulation, and embodied awareness relative to CP but had fewer comparative effects on parent- and teacher-reported observable behavioral outcomes, including reactive aggression. It was hypothesized that MCP-produced improvements in children’s internal awareness and self-regulation, if maintained or strengthened over time with ongoing mindfulness practice, would yield improvements in children’s observable prosocial and reactive aggressive behavior at later time points. To appraise this hypothesis, the current study examined teacher-reported child behavioral outcomes at a one-year follow-up. In the current subsample of 80 children with one-year follow-up data, MCP produced a significant improvement in children’s social skills and a statistical trend for a reduction in reactive aggression compared with CP. Further, MCP produced improvements in children’s autonomic nervous system functioning compared with CP from pre- to post-intervention, with a significant effect on children’s skin conductance reactivity during an arousal task. Mediation analyses found that MCP-produced improvements in inhibitory control at post-intervention mediated program effects on reactive aggression at the one-year follow-up. Within-person analyses with the full sample (MCP and CP) found that improvements in respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity were associated with improvements in reactive aggression at the one-year follow-up. Together, these findings indicate that MCP is an important new preventive tool to improve embodied awareness, self-regulation, stress physiology, and observable long-term behavioral outcomes in at-risk youth. Further, children’s inhibitory control and autonomic nervous system functioning emerged as key targets for preventive intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
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11 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Psychopathic Traits, Externalizing Problems, and Prosocial Behavior: The Role of Social Dominance Orientation
by Giuseppe Grossi, Francesca Strappini, Enrico Iuliano, Ylenia Passiatore, Francesco Mancini, Valentina Levantini, Gabriele Masi, Annarita Milone, Erica Santaguida, Randall T. Salekin, Pietro Muratori and Carlo Buonanno
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(10), 3521; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12103521 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1317
Abstract
Psychopathic traits in community and referred youths are strongly associated with severe externalizing problems and low prosocial behavior. However, less is known about the mechanisms that may link youth psychopathy and these outcomes. Social dominance orientation (SDO), defined as the general individual orientation [...] Read more.
Psychopathic traits in community and referred youths are strongly associated with severe externalizing problems and low prosocial behavior. However, less is known about the mechanisms that may link youth psychopathy and these outcomes. Social dominance orientation (SDO), defined as the general individual orientation toward unequal and dominant/subordinate relationships, might represent a valuable construct to explore to better understand the association between psychopathic traits, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior. Based on this, the current study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychopathic traits, SDO, externalizing problems, and prosocial behavior in a community sample (N = 92, 45.57% females, mean age = 12.53, and SD = 0.60) and in a clinical (N = 29, 9% female, mean age = 12.57, and SD = 0.57) samples of adolescents with Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder. Results showed that SDO mediated the relationship between psychopathic traits and externalizing problems and between psychopathic traits and prosocial behavior only in the clinical sample. These findings can provide valuable information on psychopathic trait correlates in youths with aggressive behavior disorders; treatment implications are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
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15 pages, 1644 KiB  
Article
Specific Learning Disabilities and Emotional-Behavioral Difficulties: Phenotypes and Role of the Cognitive Profile
by Paola Cristofani, Maria Chiara Di Lieto, Claudia Casalini, Chiara Pecini, Matteo Baroncini, Ottavia Pessina, Filippo Gasperini, Maria Bianca Dasso Lang, Mariaelisa Bartoli, Anna Maria Chilosi and Annarita Milone
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1882; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051882 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) are often associated with emotional-behavioral problems. Many studies highlighted a greater psychopathological risk in SLD, describing both internalizing and externalizing problems. The aims of this study were to investigate the emotional-behavioral phenotype through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and [...] Read more.
Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD) are often associated with emotional-behavioral problems. Many studies highlighted a greater psychopathological risk in SLD, describing both internalizing and externalizing problems. The aims of this study were to investigate the emotional-behavioral phenotype through the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and evaluate the mediating role of background and cognitive characteristics on the relationship between CBCL profile and learning impairment in children and adolescents with SLD. One hundred and twenty-one SLD subjects (7–18 years) were recruited. Cognitive and academic skills were assessed, and parents completed the questionnaire CBCL 6–18. The results showed that about half of the subjects manifested emotional-behavioral problems with a prevalence of internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, over externalizing ones. Older children showed greater internalizing problems than younger ones. Males have greater externalizing problems compared to females. A mediation model analysis revealed that learning impairment is directly predicted by age and familiarity for neurodevelopmental disorders and indirectly via the mediation of the WISC-IV/WAIS-IV Working Memory Index (WMI) by the CBCL Rule-Breaking Behavior scale. This study stresses the need to combine the learning and neuropsychological assessment with a psychopathological evaluation of children and adolescents with SLD and provides new interpretative insights on the complex interaction between cognitive, learning, and emotional-behavioral phenotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
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Review

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17 pages, 736 KiB  
Review
Therapeutic and Preventive Interventions in Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder: Recent Findings, Current Challenges, and Future Directions
by Nadège Bourvis, David Cohen and Xavier Benarous
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6668; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206668 - 21 Oct 2023
Viewed by 2291
Abstract
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has long suffered from overshadowing in adolescents and hopelessness from the psychiatrists themselves. Comprehensive guidelines for this age group are lacking. Aims: This narrative review aims to describe current recommendations for BPD and recent empirical evidence on effective [...] Read more.
Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) has long suffered from overshadowing in adolescents and hopelessness from the psychiatrists themselves. Comprehensive guidelines for this age group are lacking. Aims: This narrative review aims to describe current recommendations for BPD and recent empirical evidence on effective treatments (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) and preventive approaches. Innovative approaches, based on recent and original research on BPD adolescents, are also discussed. Results: Very low-certainty evidence has supported that medication has a positive effect on core BPD symptoms in adolescents. Medication prescribed for suicidal crises or associated disorders should be included in a global therapeutic plan, including efficacy reassessment, treatment duration, and a security plan. The overall benefit of structured psychotherapy for adolescents with BPD (cognitive behavioral therapy, mentalization-based therapy, dialectic behavioral therapy, and group therapy) is more important for self-harm behaviors than other BPD symptoms. Their specific efficacy, although difficult to distinguish from the overall non-specific effect of integrative care. Conclusions: structured care of young BPD individuals should be based on the following principles: (1) setting the frame of care, including recognition of the diagnosis, and sharing information with patients and families about symptoms, prognosis, and putative psychological mechanisms involved; and (2) promoting comprehensive approaches, including both specific and non specific therapy, ecological interventions, community care, and preventive interventions in at-risk groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
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14 pages, 323 KiB  
Review
Diagnosis and Management of Functional Tic-Like Phenomena
by Irene A. Malaty, Seonaid Anderson, Shannon M. Bennett, Cathy L. Budman, Barbara J. Coffey, Keith A. Coffman, Erica Greenberg, Joseph F. McGuire, Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl, Michael S. Okun, Julio Quezada, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever and Kevin J. Black
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(21), 6470; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216470 - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7564
Abstract
Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but [...] Read more.
Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but also, and more notably, in youth with no prior history of tics. The Tourette Association of America (TAA) convened an international, multidisciplinary working group to better understand this apparent presentation of functional neurological disorder (FND) and its relationship to TS. Here, we review and summarize the literature relevant to distinguish the two, with recommendations to clinicians for diagnosis and management. Finally, we highlight areas for future emphasis and research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Recent Advances) Treating Psychiatry Disorders in Children and Adolescents: From Theory to Practice)
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