Current Advances on Molecular & Clinical Oncology: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment of the Malignant Causative Genes

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 5313

Special Issue Editors

Hospital of Cosenza and National Sanitary Medical Service of Italy, Via Rossini, 247, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
Interests: pediatric oncology; haematology; pediatrics and neonatology; pediatrics cardiology; regenerative medicines; fetal cardiology; cosmetic surgery; pediatric asthma
Department of Pharmacy, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
Interests: research and diagnostic of radio-immunology (dosage of GH, IGF-1 and other endocrine dependences); thalassemia; tumor; immune haematology; blood transfusion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although laboratory and clinical cancer research need to be closely linked and observations should be at the basic level are often remain removed from medical applications. Not only that early diagnosis of clinical cancer and their treatment management are also not properly taken care of. In this special issue we will focus on current advancement on the cancer treatment not only by clinical means but also in genetic level by manipulating the causative genes. So we mostly focus on how we identify inherited/causative cancer, and current knowledge of the most frequent and clinically important forms of clinical cancers. The concept of identifying causative genes emerged from the recognized of its young onset in families more than 60 years ago. The last three decades has seen the causative genes for most of the high-penetrant cancer syndromes with Mendelian inheritance identified, and their genetic epidemiology is now being described. Its multidisciplinary approach allows us to keep up-to-date with developments in their own as well as related fields. Crucial to such descriptions is how to identify pathogenic variants of the causative genes, which are instrumental to demonstrate their associations with early stage of the disease. From the starting point of identifying the genes causing cancer with very high complexity of treatment challenges of is the aim of this special issue. Recent advancement of drug discovery developments in the field of small cancer molecule targeted agents have led to much interest in combining these clinical research with treatment management will also be covered in this special issue. Apart from different genetic variants with lower risk to develop cancer, and their interactions with other genes and environment, we will also welcome the contributions on this perceived future opportunities and challenges in the development of this exciting area of oncological research and study.

Prof. Dr. Sudip Chakraborty
Dr. Gianpiero Aromolo
Dr. Giampaolo De Luca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Molecularly targeted drugs
  • Genetic epidemiology
  • Prevention
  • Early detection
  • New technologies
  • Cancer biology
  • Clinical trials
  • Cancer causative genes

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 852 KiB  
Article
Identification of a Clinical Cutoff Value for Multiplex KRASG12/G13 Mutation Detection in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients Using Digital Droplet PCR, and Comparison with Sanger Sequencing and PNA Clamping Assay
by Kyung Ha Lee, Tae Hee Lee, Min Kyung Choi, In Sun Kwon, Go Eun Bae and Min-Kyung Yeo
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2283; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072283 - 18 Jul 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2333
Abstract
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) is a major predictive marker for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor treatment, and determination of KRAS mutational status is crucial for successful management of colorectal adenocarcinoma. More standardized and accurate methods for testing KRAS mutation, which [...] Read more.
KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog) is a major predictive marker for anti-epidermal growth factor receptor treatment, and determination of KRAS mutational status is crucial for successful management of colorectal adenocarcinoma. More standardized and accurate methods for testing KRAS mutation, which is vital for therapeutic decision-making, are required. Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is an advanced digital PCR technology developed to provide absolute quantitation of target DNA. In this study, we validated the clinical performance of ddPCR in determination of KRAS mutational status, and compared ddPCR results with those obtained by Sanger sequencing and peptide nucleic acid-clamping. Of 81 colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples, three repeated sets of KRASG12/G13 mutation were measured by ddPCR, yielding high consistency (ICC = 0.956). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine KRASG12/G13 mutational status based on mutant allele frequency generated by ddPCR. Using the best threshold cutoff (mutant allele frequency of 7.9%), ddPCR had superior diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%) relative to the two other techniques. Thus, ddPCR is effective for detecting the KRASG12/G13 mutation in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissue samples. By allowing definition of the optimal cutoff, ddPCR represents a potentially useful diagnostic tool that could improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Full article
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10 pages, 1058 KiB  
Article
Saliva Diagnosis as a Disease Predictor
by Patrick L McGeer, Moonhee Lee, Krista Kennedy and Edith G McGeer
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(2), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020377 - 30 Jan 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2394
Abstract
Background: Saliva, the most readily available body fluid, is the product of genes which are in constant activity throughout life. Measurement of saliva can predict the onset of some diseases years before their accumulation in vulnerable tissues causes clinical signs to appear. The [...] Read more.
Background: Saliva, the most readily available body fluid, is the product of genes which are in constant activity throughout life. Measurement of saliva can predict the onset of some diseases years before their accumulation in vulnerable tissues causes clinical signs to appear. The purpose of this study was is to demonstrate current applications of saliva analysis and to predict and prevent disease progression. Methods: We measured levels of Abeta42, C-reactive proteins (CRPs), and tumornecrosis factors (TNFs) in saliva from both healthy and fatal diseased cases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and coronary heart disease by ELISA-mediated techniques. We also immunostained human tissue sections with antibodies specific to these proteins to demonstrate the data are comparable. Results: We found all the proteins expressed constantly in saliva from healthy controls but increased in diseased cases. This was accompanied by data from immunohistochemistry. It was also found that these proteins wereexpressed in high amounts in some healthy controls, which reflects high risk for the onset of diseases such as AD and heart diseases.Conclusions: It is concluded that measuring changes in essential gene products in saliva can predict onset of fatal diseases and open the door to effective protection measures, thus preventing premature death. Full article
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