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Special Issue "Sports Exercise: How It Benefits Health and Disease"

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Dear Colleagues,

Exercise has numerous health benefits, including improving cardiovascular health, reducing the risk of chronic diseases, promoting healthy aging, and enhancing mental health and well-being. The present Special Issue aims to provide insights into the various ways in which exercise can promote health, prevent disease, and enhance well-being, highlighting the importance of physical activity as a key component of a healthy lifestyle.

Therefore, it will address 1) the benefits of exercise in preventing and managing obesity and metabolic-related diseases, 2) the role of exercise in promoting healthy aging, such as maintaining muscle mass and strength, and improving bone health, 3) the effects of exercise on immune function and its potential to prevent and manage infectious diseases, 4) the effectiveness of different types of exercise programs in promoting health and preventing disease; 5) finally, the role of exercise in enhancing athletic performance and preventing sports-related injuries.

Dr. Rafael A. Casuso
Dr. Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
Guest Editors

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Keywords

metabolic disease
muscle
high-intensity interval training
strength training
sports exercise

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Research

10 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Two Different Self-Paced Training Modalities on the Aerobic Fitness Levels, Psychophysiological Responses, and Antioxidant Status in Physically Active Young Adults

and

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7232; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237232 - 22 Nov 2023

Viewed by 262

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effects of self-paced high-intensity interval training (Sp-HIIT) vs. self-paced moderate-intensity continuous training (Sp-MICT) on aerobic fitness levels, psychophysiological responses, and antioxidant status to assess the relationship between aerobic fitness levels and antioxidant markers. Physically active young adults were randomised into Sp-HIIT and Sp-MICT groups. The intervention consisted of three weekly sessions during an eight-week period. Sp-HIIT consisted of performing two sets of 12–24 × 30 s high-intensity runs ≥ 85% HR_max followed by 30 s rest periods, while Sp-MICT consisted of performing 24–48 min of continuous running at 60–75% HR_max. Pre- and post-intervention testing included a maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) assessment during a 30-15 intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT), as well as resting blood samples, which were analysed for oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG)). The Sp-HIIT group showed a greater improvement in velocity of 30-15 IFT, VO_2max, and MDA responses. Furthermore, the Sp-HIIT group demonstrated higher psychophysiological responses than the Sp-MICT group, except for anger responses. In conclusion, these results suggest that Sp-HIIT has a higher level of beneficial exercise-induced effects in physiological responses with greater perceived exertion in physically active young adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Exercise: How It Benefits Health and Disease)

12 pages, 889 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Minimal Detectable Change in Resting Blood Pressure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Secondary Analysis of a Study on School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention

Jarosław Domaradzki

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6146; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196146 - 23 Sep 2023

Viewed by 430

Abstract

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) effects on resting blood pressure (BP) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have already been studied. Furthermore, the responses of responders and non-responders to HIIT in terms of these physiological outcomes have also been examined. However, the minimal detectable change (MDC) in BP and CRF has not been addressed yet. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the MDC₉₀ of BP (systolic and diastolic) and CRF (fitness index (FI) results) in the context of a school-based HIIT program for adolescents. Participants were adolescents, with an average age of 16.16 years (n = 141; 36.6% males). A preplanned secondary analysis was conducted using pre–post data from the control group to estimate MDC₉₀. The MDC₉₀ of SBP, DBP, and FI were 7.82 mm HG, 12.45 mm HG, and 5.39 points, respectively. However, taking into account the relative values of these changes, MDC₉₀ required a greater change in DBP (17.27%) than FI (12.15%) and SBP (6.68%). Any training-induced physiological changes in the average values of the outcomes did not exceed MDC₉₀. However, a comparison of the participants who exceeded and did not exceed MDC₉₀ showed statistically significant differences. These findings reveal the huge variability in and insensitivity to the intervention effect for all measurements. This is likely because of the large subgroup of participants with low sensitivity to the physiological stimulus. As such, there is a considerable need to create individually tailored intervention programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sports Exercise: How It Benefits Health and Disease)

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