Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 29813

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
Interests: pediatric epilepsy; neurodevelopmental disorders; autism; ketogenic diet
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Guest Editor
Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychological Sciences, Pedagogical and Education, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Interests: psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents; autism; behavioral disorders; pediatric neurologic disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the Journal of Clinical Medicine editorial team, we are delighted to announce the launch of a new Special Issue on the subject of “Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology”, guest-edited by Prof. Dr. Michele Roccella from the University of Palermo, Italy and by Prof. Dr. Lucia Parisi from the University of Palermo.
Clinical psychology is one of the main theoretical–applicative branches of psychology. It includes the scientific study and the applications of psychology with regard to understanding, prevention, and intervention in individual, family, and group psychological and relational problems, including the management of many forms of psychopathology.
Central aspects of his practice are psychodiagnostics and psychotherapeutic intervention, which represents a specialized development aimed above all at taking charge of situations where there is a structured psychopathology.
Among the thematic nuclei of operational interest and clinical research, some can be exemplified as the prevention (primary and secondary) of personal discomfort; early identification and diagnosis of psychopathological risks; the cognitive, affective–emotional, psychosocial, behavioral, personality, social, and cultural factors that are at the origin of the disturbances or maintain the condition of discomfort; emotions and their regulation in relation to health and disease, with specific regard to affective dysregulations; the methods of clinical management of different types of individual, couple, family, and group disorders; the various forms of individual, couple, family, and group psychological counseling; the improvement of the effectiveness of psychodiagnostic techniques; the methods of managing emotional, relational or decision-making situations that arise in various life stages and contexts; the promotion of individual psychosocial wellbeing and in social contexts; the design of effective forms of psychological and psychosocial rehabilitation; and the assessment of the effectiveness of aid interventions and health prevention and promotion programs in different social contexts.
Modern clinical psychology is based on the evidence of scientific research and clinical experience and takes an interdisciplinary approach, also making use of the cognitive contributions of other psychological disciplines (in particular, cognitive psychology, psychology and dynamics, psychology of personality and differential psychology, psychology, neuropsychology clinical, social and group psychology, psychometrics) and nonpsychological, such as epidemiology, physiology, evaluative research, health sociology, etc.
This Special Issue will gather experiences from clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, and pediatricians from different areas and countries to acquire new perspectives in the vision and therapy of disorders that clinical psychology and developmental psychopathology deal with.
We are happy to invite you to submit articles that report on the subject. Reviews or original articles focusing on the aspects treated by clinical psychology. Approaches from basic research to these disorders will also be prioritized, given their intrinsic innovative character, as well as proposals for new therapeutic indications.
This Special Issue is open for submissions until 31 August 2021. All submitted articles will undergo a rigorous peer-review process and, on acceptance for publication, are ensured rapid publication online and high visibility.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Michele Roccella
Dr. Francesca Felicia Operto
Prof. Dr. Lucia Parisi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • food disorders
  • attachment
  • anxiety
  • self-esteem
  • depression
  • personality
  • sleep
  • emotions
  • mental disorders

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 172 KiB  
Editorial
Adventures of Clinical Psychology
by Michele Roccella and Luigi Vetri
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(21), 4848; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10214848 - 21 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1652
Abstract
Clinical psychology strives to fully grasp the person in his totality and in his individuality, helping him adequately address his own deep internal suffering and discomfort, social uneasiness, and harmonize his own needs, desires and, attachments [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

13 pages, 1172 KiB  
Article
Assessing Cognitive Function in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Pilot Study in a Sample of Children and Adolescents
by Rossella D’Alessandro, Neftj Ragusa, Martina Vacchetti, Enrica Rolle, Francesca Rossi, Chiara Brusa, Chiara Davico, Benedetto Vitiello, Tiziana Mongini and Federica S. Ricci
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(20), 4777; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10204777 - 18 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2011
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement has been variously studied in pediatric neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The primary goal of this study was to assess cognitive functioning in NMDs, and secondary aims were to investigate possible associations of cognitive impairment with motor impairment, neurodevelopmental delay, [...] Read more.
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement has been variously studied in pediatric neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). The primary goal of this study was to assess cognitive functioning in NMDs, and secondary aims were to investigate possible associations of cognitive impairment with motor impairment, neurodevelopmental delay, and genotype. This was a cross-sectional study of 43 pediatric patients, affected by six NMDs. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and glycogen storage disease type 2 (GSD2) patients had a delay on the Bayley-III scales. On Wechsler scales, DMD and DM1 patients showed lower FSIQ scores, with an intellectual disability (ID) in 27% and 50%, respectively. FSIQ was normal in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), GSD2, and hereditary motor sensory neuropathy (HMSN) patients, while higher individual scores were found in the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) group. In the DM1 cohort, lower FSIQ correlated with worse motor performance (ρ = 0.84, p < 0.05), and delayed speech acquisition was associated with ID (p = 0.048), with worse cognitive impairment in the congenital than in the infantile form (p = 0.04). This study provides further evidence of CNS in some NMDs and reinforces the need to include cognitive assessment in protocols of care of selected pediatric NMDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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18 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Does Attentional Style Moderate the Relationship between Time Perspective and Social Network Addiction? A Cross-Sectional Study on a Sample of Social Networking Sites Users
by Silvana Miceli, Fabrizio Scrima, Maurizio Cardaci, Giuseppe Quatrosi, Luigi Vetri, Michele Roccella and Barbara Caci
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(17), 3983; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10173983 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2031
Abstract
The present study investigates the role of attentional style as a moderator variable between temporal perspective and social network addiction, since little is known about users’ cognitive variables involved in this kind of addictive behavior. To achieve this goal, a sample of 186 [...] Read more.
The present study investigates the role of attentional style as a moderator variable between temporal perspective and social network addiction, since little is known about users’ cognitive variables involved in this kind of addictive behavior. To achieve this goal, a sample of 186 volunteers and anonymous social networking sites users (M = 34%; F = 66%; Mage = 22.54 years; SD = 3.94; range: 18 ÷ 45 years) participated in a cross-sectional study. All participants filled out self-report instruments measuring temporal perspective, internal vs. external attentional style, and social network addiction. The results align with the previous literature and show that present fatalistic and past negative time orientations are associated with social network addiction, whereas the future is a negative precursor. Moreover, a four-step hierarchical regression analysis showed that internal attentional style is a significant moderator of the relationship between high levels of temporal perspective and a high level of social network addiction. This result suggests that social network-addicted users are oriented toward internal stimuli such as their intrusive thoughts or feelings and that social network addiction is similar to obsessive compulsive disorders, depression, or anxiety. Despite its limitations, the present study could contribute to the efforts of clinicians, psychiatrists, psychologists, teachers, and all those who seek to combat social network addiction in developing treatment programs to reduce its harmful effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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10 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Association among Autistic Traits, Treatment Intensity and Outcomes in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: Preliminary Results
by Jacopo Pruccoli, Simone Rosa, Carlo Alberto Cesaroni, Elisabetta Malaspina and Antonia Parmeggiani
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3605; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163605 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2287
Abstract
The present study investigates the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits on the treatment intensity and outcomes (psychopathology and weight) of 22 adolescent inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), who were selected on the basis of suspected ASD traits. ASD traits were measured [...] Read more.
The present study investigates the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) traits on the treatment intensity and outcomes (psychopathology and weight) of 22 adolescent inpatients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), who were selected on the basis of suspected ASD traits. ASD traits were measured at admission (T0) using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Second Edition (ADOS-2) and the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Psychopathology was measured with Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and Self-Administered Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA) at admission and discharge (T0, T1). Percentage BMI was assessed at admission, discharge, first follow-up (T2, 7–22 days) and second follow-up (T3, 22–45 days). Results were controlled for age and EDI-3 global psychological maladjustment. When compared with other patients with AN, AN individuals with ADOS-2 and AQ diagnostic scores for ASD showed overlapping types of treatments, as well as psychopathological and weight outcomes. ASD total scores were not correlated with treatment intensity or treatment outcomes. Preliminary results show that ASD traits do not impact treatment intensity and outcomes in adolescents with AN and suspected ASD traits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
14 pages, 465 KiB  
Article
Mental Pain in Eating Disorders: An Exploratory Controlled Study
by Elena Tomba, Lucia Tecuta, Valentina Gardini and Elena Lo Dato
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3584; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163584 - 14 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2424
Abstract
Mental pain (MP) is a transdiagnostic feature characterized by depression, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, and associated with worse levels of distress. The study explores the presence and the discriminating role of MP in EDs in detecting patients with higher depressive and ED-related symptoms. [...] Read more.
Mental pain (MP) is a transdiagnostic feature characterized by depression, suicidal ideation, emotion dysregulation, and associated with worse levels of distress. The study explores the presence and the discriminating role of MP in EDs in detecting patients with higher depressive and ED-related symptoms. Seventy-one ED patients and 90 matched controls completed a Clinical Assessment Scale for MP (CASMP) and the Mental Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). ED patients also completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Clinical Interview for Depression (CID-20), and Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40). ED patients exhibited significantly greater severity and higher number of cases of MP than controls. Moreover, MP resulted the most important cluster predictor followed by BDI-II, CID-20, and EAT-40 in discriminating between patients with different ED and depression severity in a two-step cluster analysis encompassing 87.3% (n = 62) of the total ED sample. Significant positive associations have been found between MP and bulimic symptoms, cognitive and somatic-affective depressive symptoms, suicidal tendencies, and anxiety-related symptoms. In particular, those presenting MP reported significantly higher levels of depressive and anxiety-related symptoms than those without. MP represents a clinical aspect that can help to detect more severe cases of EDs and to better understand the complex interplay between ED and mood symptomatology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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11 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
Irrational Beliefs and Their Role in Specific and Non-Specific Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Cognitive Reappraisal in Eating Disorders
by Lucia Tecuta, Valentina Gardini, Romana Schumann, Donatella Ballardini and Elena Tomba
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(16), 3525; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163525 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2588
Abstract
Background: Research on which specific maladaptive cognitions characterize eating disorders (ED) is lacking. This study explores irrational beliefs (IBs) in ED patients and controls and the association between IBs and ED-specific and non-specific ED symptomatology and cognitive reappraisal. Methods: 79 ED outpatients with [...] Read more.
Background: Research on which specific maladaptive cognitions characterize eating disorders (ED) is lacking. This study explores irrational beliefs (IBs) in ED patients and controls and the association between IBs and ED-specific and non-specific ED symptomatology and cognitive reappraisal. Methods: 79 ED outpatients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or other specified feeding or eating disorders and 95 controls completed the Attitudes and Beliefs Scale-2 (ABS-2) for IBs. ED outpatients also completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) for ED-specific (EDI-3-ED Risk) and non-specific (EDI-3-General Psychological Maladjustment) symptomatology; General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) for general psychopathology; Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) for cognitive reappraisal. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons showed that ED outpatients exhibit greater ABS-2-Awfulizing, ABS-2-Negative Global Evaluations, and ABS-2-Low Frustration Tolerance than controls. No differences emerged between ED diagnoses. According to stepwise linear regression analyses, body mass index (BMI) and ABS-2-Awfulizing predicted greater EDI-3-ED Risk, while ABS-2-Negative Global Evaluations and GHQ predicted greater EDI-3-General Psychological Maladjustment and lower ERQ-Cognitive Reappraisal. Conclusion: Awfulizing and negative global evaluation contribute to better explaining ED-specific and non-specific ED symptoms and cognitive reappraisal. Therefore, including them, together with BMI and general psychopathology, when assessing ED patients and planning cognitive–behavioral treatment is warranted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
25 pages, 1265 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa (TON-17)
by Aleksandra M. Rogowska, Aleksandra Kwaśnicka and Dominika Ochnik
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(8), 1637; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10081637 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2867
Abstract
This study aims to develop and validate a new self-report questionnaire to measure orthorexia nervosa (ON). Based on a current review of the scientific literature and interviews with people at risk of orthorexia, 40 items were selected to test orthorexia nervosa (TON-40). A [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop and validate a new self-report questionnaire to measure orthorexia nervosa (ON). Based on a current review of the scientific literature and interviews with people at risk of orthorexia, 40 items were selected to test orthorexia nervosa (TON-40). A total sample of 767 individuals (M = 26.49, SD = 9.66, 56.98% women) participated in the study. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and composite construct analysis (CCA) were performed to find an appropriate model of sufficient reliability and validity and stable construction. Convergent validation was performed regarding the correlation of the TON-17 with another measure of ON (ORTO-15), eating disorders (the EAT-26 and DEAS), healthy behavior (the HBI), quality of life (the Brief WHOQOL), physical health (the GRSH), anxiety (the GAD-7), depression (the PHQ-9), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (the OCI-R). Gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the medical reasons for a restrictive diet were also examined. As a result of the structural analyses, the number of items was reduced from 40 to 17. The best fit indices of the TON-17 were found for the hierarchical bi-factor model, with three lower-order factors (Control of food quality, Fixation of health and healthy diet, and Disorder symptoms) and one general higher-order factor (Orthorexia). According to the 95th percentile method of estimation, the prevalence of ON was 5.5% for the TON-17 total score. The TON-17 scale and subscales showed good psychometric properties, stability, reliability, and construct validity. The TON-17 indicated a positive relationship with the ORTO-15, EAT-26, DEAS, HBI, OCI-R, GAD-7, and PHQ-9. TON-17 can be considered as a useful tool for assessing the risk of ON. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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14 pages, 301 KiB  
Article
Maternal Resources, Pregnancy Concerns, and Biological Factors Associated to Birth Weight and Psychological Health
by David Ramiro-Cortijo, María de la Calle, Andrea Gila-Díaz, Bernardo Moreno-Jiménez, Maria A. Martin-Cabrejas, Silvia M. Arribas and Eva Garrosa
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(4), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10040695 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2557
Abstract
Cognitive maternal adaptation during pregnancy may influence biological variables, maternal psychological, and neonatal health. We hypothesized that pregnant women with numerous general resources and less negative emotions would have a better coping with a positive influence on neonatal birth weight and maternal psychological [...] Read more.
Cognitive maternal adaptation during pregnancy may influence biological variables, maternal psychological, and neonatal health. We hypothesized that pregnant women with numerous general resources and less negative emotions would have a better coping with a positive influence on neonatal birth weight and maternal psychological health. The study included 131 healthy pregnant women. A blood sample was obtained in the first trimester to assess biological variables (polyphenols, hematological and biochemical parameters). Psychological variables (negative affect, anxiety, optimism, resilience, family–work conflicts, pregnancy concerns, general resources, and life satisfaction) were evaluated at several time points along gestation, and birth weight was recorded. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to associate the above parameters with maternal psychological outcome at the end of gestation (depression, resilience, and optimism) and neonatal outcome (birth weight). Maternal depression was associated with leukocytes (β = 0.08 ± 0.03, p-value = 0.003), cholesterol (β = 0.01 ± 0.002, p-value = 0.026), and pregnancy concerns (β = 0.31 ± 0.09, p-value = 0.001). Maternal resilience was associated with leukocytes (β = −0.14 ± 0.09, p-value = 0.010) and life satisfaction (β = 0.82 ± 0.08, p-value = 0.001), and maternal optimism was associated with polyphenol levels (β = 0.002 ± 0.001, p-value = 0.018) and life satisfaction (β = 0.49 ± 0.04, p-value = 0.001). Birth weight was associated with maternal resilience (β = 370.2 ± 97.0, p-value = 0.001), red blood cells (β = 480.3 ± 144.4, p-value = 0.001), and life satisfaction (β = 423.3 ± 32.6, p-value = 0.001). We found associations between maternal psychological, blood variables, and birth weight and maternal depression. This study reveals the relevance of psychological health during pregnancy for maternal and neonatal outcome, and it emphasizes the need to consider it in preventive policies in the obstetric field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
13 pages, 828 KiB  
Article
Risk of Contracting COVID-19, Personal Resources and Subjective Well-Being among Healthcare Workers: The Mediating Role of Stress and Meaning-Making
by Dariusz Krok, Beata Zarzycka and Ewa Telka
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10010132 - 02 Jan 2021
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4717
Abstract
The latest research suggests that the relationships between the risk of contracting COVID-19, personal resources and subjective well-being have rather an indirect character and can include the occurrence of mediating factors related to meaning-making processes and stress experiences. Protection motivation theory offers a [...] Read more.
The latest research suggests that the relationships between the risk of contracting COVID-19, personal resources and subjective well-being have rather an indirect character and can include the occurrence of mediating factors related to meaning-making processes and stress experiences. Protection motivation theory offers a theoretical paradigm that enables these associations to be thoroughly investigated and understood. The current study aimed to examine the mediating roles of meaning-making and stress in the relationship of risk of contracting COVID-19 and personal resources (self-efficacy and meaning in life) with subjective well-being among healthcare workers. A total of 225 healthcare workers from hospitals, medical centres and diagnostic units completed a set of questionnaires during the first few months of the COVID-19 lockdown period (March–May 2020). The results revealed that greater self-efficacy and meaning in life were associated with higher cognitive and affective dimensions of subjective well-being, whereas a lesser risk of contracting COVID-19 was only associated with the higher affective dimension. The central finding demonstrated different mediating roles of stress and meaning-making in the relationship of risk of contracting COVID-19 and personal resources with the cognitive and affective dimensions of subjective well-being. This confirmed the applicability of meaning-oriented and stress management processes for understanding how healthcare workers’ well-being is affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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12 pages, 626 KiB  
Article
Self- and Parent-Reported Psychological Symptoms in Young Cancer Survivors and Control Peers: Results from a Clinical Center
by Rita Barone, Mariangela Gulisano, Emanuela Cannata, Sara Padalino, Federica Saia, Nicoletta Maugeri, Fabio Pettinato, Luca Lo Nigro, Antonino Casabona, Giovanna Russo, Andrea Di Cataldo and Renata Rizzo
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(11), 3444; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113444 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk for psychological distress. We sought to understand the severity and symptoms’ co-occurrence among pediatric survivors compared to controls by rating both self- and parent-reported symptomatology. Forty survivors (22 males; mean age at study time: 12.9 years) [...] Read more.
Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk for psychological distress. We sought to understand the severity and symptoms’ co-occurrence among pediatric survivors compared to controls by rating both self- and parent-reported symptomatology. Forty survivors (22 males; mean age at study time: 12.9 years) participated in the study. Most survivors (85%) had a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Seventy-nine healthy controls with the same age and gender distribution as the patients were included. A standardized assessment of psychological functioning was conducted by self- and parent-reported symptoms evaluations. The self-reported anxious symptom severity was significantly higher in survivors. A significantly higher proportion of survivors compared to controls had clinically significant anxiety, depression, and combined anxiety symptoms (i.e., social anxiety, separation anxiety, or physical symptoms). In both study groups, the self-reported emotional and somatic symptoms were significantly associated. The multi-informant assessments of the psychological symptoms revealed distinct associations between the child- and parent-reported symptoms in the survivors’ group: the survivors’ self-reports of depressive symptoms, somatic symptoms, and functional impairment were significantly correlated with the parent reports of child behavioral concerns, somatic complaints, and functional impairment, respectively. Conclusion: Self-reported symptoms showed similar comorbidity profiles in survivors and control peers. The multi-informant assessments detected differences in the association of self- and parent-reported symptoms between the survivor and control groups. The present study showed that multi-informant assessment is critical to understanding symptom profiles and to informing intervention with particular regard to parental participation and support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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16 pages, 1141 KiB  
Article
Motor and Cognitive Performance in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy
by Constanza San Martín-Valenzuela, Aroa Borras-Barrachina, Juan-José Gallego, Amparo Urios, Víctor Mestre-Salvador, Patricia Correa-Ghisays, María-Pilar Ballester, Desamparados Escudero-García, Joan Tosca, Cristina Montón, María-Pilar Ríos, Elena Kosenko, Vicente Felipo, Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos, Gabriel Selva-Vera and Carmina Montoliu
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(7), 2154; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072154 - 08 Jul 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3233
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with mild cognitive impairment and frailty. This study aims to identify cognitive and motor differences in cirrhotic patients with and without MHE, and the correlations between motor signs and cognitive performance. Gait, balance, hand strength and motor [...] Read more.
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with mild cognitive impairment and frailty. This study aims to identify cognitive and motor differences in cirrhotic patients with and without MHE, and the correlations between motor signs and cognitive performance. Gait, balance, hand strength and motor speed performance were evaluated in 66 cirrhotic patients (38 without and 28 with MHE, according to the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). Cognitive performance was measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination, Verbal Fluency Test, Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense Test (TAVEC), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scale and Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). MHE patients performed worse than patients without MHE in cognitive and autonomous functioning, learning and long-term memory, and verbal fluency. The same pattern was found in gait, center of pressure movement, variability of hand strength performance and hand motor speed. In MHE patients, high correlations were found between balance and FAST test, gait velocity and verbal skills, hand strength variability and anxiety and depression, and motor speed and FAST and TAVEC. MHE patients showed worse motor and cognitive performance than patients without MHE. MHE patients could have impaired movement control expressed as bradykinesia, and this reduced motor performance could correlate with cognitive performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Clinical Psychology)
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