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Inventions
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems
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Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems

A special issue of Inventions (ISSN 2411-5134). This special issue belongs to the section "Inventions and Innovation in Electrical Engineering/Energy/Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 23170

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Om P. Malik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
Interests: digital protection; adaptive control; control of renewable power generation and microgrids; AI applications in power system control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continually increasing demand for energy, and the pollution caused by increased generation of electricity using fossil fuels, has caused environmental concerns. This has led to the development of renewable energy sources for the generation of electricity and their integration within the existing conventional power networks. Differences in the characteristics of the generation of electricity from conventional and renewable energy sources offer challenges, and major restructuring in the operation, control, and protection practices of the entire power network is taking place at present to integrate the two in a seamless and efficient manner. It also offers a tremendous opportunity to rejuvenate the practices that have developed over the past 140 years and enhance the entire grid operation, making it more efficient and reliable in the light of the newly developed technologies. A large number of investigators in all parts of the world are now working in developing new ideas and schemes from this perspective, and many advances in the emerging power systems are being made. The objective of this Special Issue of ‘Inventions’ is to provide a platform for all researchers working in any aspect of the integration of the conventional power systems and renewable energy sources for generation of electricity to contribute their recent ideas.

Prof. Dr. Om P. Malik
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Inventions is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy sources
  • conventional power networks
  • integration of conventional and renewable generation
  • operation, control and protection of power systems

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Published Papers (16 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Coordinated, Centralized, and Simultaneous Control of Fast Charging Stations and Distributed Energy Resources
by Dener A. de L. Brandao, João M. S. Callegari, Danilo I. Brandao and Igor A. Pires
Inventions 2024, 9(2), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9020035 - 25 Mar 2024
Viewed by 641
Abstract
The growing penetration of fast charging stations (FCSs) to electric vehicles (EVs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in the electrical power system brings technical issue changes in the voltage profile throughout grid nodes and feeder current overload. The provision of ancillary services by [...] Read more.
The growing penetration of fast charging stations (FCSs) to electric vehicles (EVs) and distributed energy resources (DERs) in the electrical power system brings technical issue changes in the voltage profile throughout grid nodes and feeder current overload. The provision of ancillary services by DERs and FCSs arises as an appealing solution to reduce these adverse effects, enhancing the grid hosting capacity. The control of microgrids is essential for the coordinated implementation of these services. Although microgrid control is widely applied to DERs, few studies address the coordinated control of DERs and FCSs to obtain benefits for the electrical power system. This paper proposes a coordinated and simultaneous control of DERs and FCSs based on the power-based control (PBC) strategy, efficiently exploiting FCSs in a microgrid model previously unaddressed in the literature. The results show that, with the coordinated control of DERs and FCSs, the control of the power flow in a minigrid (MG) is achieved both in moments of high generation and in moments of high load, even with the maximum operation of DERs. This method allows for the maintenance of voltage levels within values considered acceptable by technical standards (above 0.93 pu). The maintenance of voltage levels is derived from reducing the overload on the point of common coupling (PCC) of the minigrid by 28%, performing the peak shaving ancillary service. Furthermore, the method allows for the control of zero power flow in the PCC of the minigrid with the upstream electric grid in periods of high generation, performing the ancillary service of valley filling. The method performs this control without compromising vehicle recharging and power dispatch by DERs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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59 pages, 24049 KiB  
Article
IIR Shelving Filter, Support Vector Machine and k-Nearest Neighbors Algorithm Application for Voltage Transients and Short-Duration RMS Variations Analysis
by Vladislav Liubčuk, Gediminas Kairaitis, Virginijus Radziukynas and Darius Naujokaitis
Inventions 2024, 9(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9010012 - 09 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1766
Abstract
This paper focuses on both voltage transients and short-duration RMS variations, and presents a unique and heterogeneous approach to their assessment by applying AI tools. The database consists of both real (obtained from Lithuanian PQ monitoring campaigns) and synthetic data (obtained from the [...] Read more.
This paper focuses on both voltage transients and short-duration RMS variations, and presents a unique and heterogeneous approach to their assessment by applying AI tools. The database consists of both real (obtained from Lithuanian PQ monitoring campaigns) and synthetic data (obtained from the simulation and literature review). Firstly, this paper investigates the fundamental grid component and its harmonics filtering with an IIR shelving filter. Secondly, in a key part, both SVM and KNN are used to classify PQ events by their primary cause in the voltage–duration plane as well as by the type of short circuit in the three-dimensional voltage space. Thirdly, since it seemed to be difficult to interpret the results in the three-dimensional space, the new method, based on Clarke transformation, is developed to convert it to two-dimensional space. The method shows an outstanding performance by avoiding the loss of important information. In addition, a geometric analysis of the fault voltage in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces revealed certain geometric patterns that are undoubtedly important for PQ classification. Finally, based on the results of a PQ monitoring campaign in the Lithuanian distribution grid, this paper presents a unique discussion regarding PQ assessment gaps that need to be solved in anticipation of a great leap forward and refers them to PQ legislation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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19 pages, 3589 KiB  
Article
Development and Application of an Open Power Meter Suitable for NILM
by Carlos Rodríguez-Navarro, Francisco Portillo, Fernando Martínez, Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro and Alfredo Alcayde
Inventions 2024, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9010002 - 21 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
In the context of the global energy sector’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels and escalating environmental concerns, there is an urgent need for advancements in energy monitoring and optimization. Addressing this challenge, the present study introduces the Open Multi Power Meter, a novel [...] Read more.
In the context of the global energy sector’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels and escalating environmental concerns, there is an urgent need for advancements in energy monitoring and optimization. Addressing this challenge, the present study introduces the Open Multi Power Meter, a novel open hardware solution designed for efficient and precise electrical measurements. This device is engineered around a single microcontroller architecture, featuring a comprehensive suite of measurement modules interconnected via an RS485 bus, which ensures high accuracy and scalability. A significant aspect of this development is the integration with the Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring Toolkit, which utilizes advanced algorithms for energy disaggregation, including Combinatorial Optimization and the Finite Hidden Markov Model. Comparative analyses were performed using public datasets alongside commercial and open hardware monitors to validate the design and capabilities of this device. These studies demonstrate the device’s notable effectiveness, characterized by its simplicity, flexibility, and adaptability in various energy monitoring scenarios. The introduction of this cost-effective and scalable tool marks a contribution to the field of energy research, enhancing energy efficiency practices. This research provides a practical solution for energy management and opens advancements in the field, highlighting its potential impact on academic research and real-world applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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16 pages, 1205 KiB  
Article
Load Losses and Short-Circuit Resistances of Distribution Transformers According to IEEE Standard C57.110
by Vicente León-Martínez, Elisa Peñalvo-López, Clara Andrada-Monrós and Juan Ángel Sáiz-Jiménez
Inventions 2023, 8(6), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8060154 - 08 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Load losses determine transformers’ efficiency and life, which are limited by overheating and deterioration of their elements. Since these losses can be characterized by short-circuit resistances, in this article, we have developed expressions for the short-circuit resistances of three-phase transformers according to IEEE [...] Read more.
Load losses determine transformers’ efficiency and life, which are limited by overheating and deterioration of their elements. Since these losses can be characterized by short-circuit resistances, in this article, we have developed expressions for the short-circuit resistances of three-phase transformers according to IEEE Standard C57.110. Imposing the condition that these resistances must cause load losses of the transformer, two types of short-circuit resistance have been established: (1) the effective resistance of each phase (Rcc,z) and (2) the effective short-circuit resistance of the transformer (Rcc,ef). The first is closely related to the power loss distribution within the transformer. The second is just a mathematical parameter. Applying these resistances to the 630 kVA oil-immersed distribution transformer of a residential network, we have concluded that both types of resistances determine the total load losses of the transformer. However, only Rcc,z accurately provides the load losses in each phase. Rcc,ef can give rise to errors more significant than 16% in calculating these losses, depending on imbalances in the harmonic currents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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19 pages, 3699 KiB  
Article
Optimal Dispatch Strategy for a Distribution Network Containing High-Density Photovoltaic Power Generation and Energy Storage under Multiple Scenarios
by Langbo Hou, Heng Chen, Jinjun Wang, Shichao Qiao, Gang Xu, Honggang Chen and Tao Liu
Inventions 2023, 8(5), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8050130 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1311
Abstract
To better consume high-density photovoltaics, in this article, the application of energy storage devices in the distribution network not only realizes the peak shaving and valley filling of the electricity load but also relieves the pressure on the grid voltage generated by the [...] Read more.
To better consume high-density photovoltaics, in this article, the application of energy storage devices in the distribution network not only realizes the peak shaving and valley filling of the electricity load but also relieves the pressure on the grid voltage generated by the distributed photovoltaic access. At the same time, photovoltaic power generation and energy storage cooperate and have an impact on the tidal distribution of the distribution network. Since photovoltaic output has uncertainty, the maximum photovoltaic output in each scenario is determined by the clustering algorithm, while the storage scheduling strategy is reasonably selected so the distribution network operates efficiently and stably. The tidal optimization of the distribution network is carried out with the objectives of minimizing network losses and voltage deviations, two objectives that are assigned comprehensive weights, and the optimization model is constructed by using a particle swarm algorithm to derive the optimal dispatching strategy of the distribution network with the cooperation of photovoltaic and energy storage. Finally, a model with 30 buses is simulated and the system is optimally dispatched under multiple scenarios to demonstrate the necessity of conducting coordinated optimal dispatch of photovoltaics and energy storage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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16 pages, 1877 KiB  
Article
Fault Location Method for Overhead Power Line Based on a Multi-Hypothetical Sequential Analysis Using the Armitage Algorithm
by Aleksandr Kulikov, Pavel Ilyushin, Anton Loskutov and Sergey Filippov
Inventions 2023, 8(5), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8050123 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1316
Abstract
The use of modern methods for determining the fault location (FL) on overhead power lines (OHPLs), which have high accuracy and speed, contributes to the reliable operation of power systems. Various physical principles are used in FL devices for OHPLs, as well as [...] Read more.
The use of modern methods for determining the fault location (FL) on overhead power lines (OHPLs), which have high accuracy and speed, contributes to the reliable operation of power systems. Various physical principles are used in FL devices for OHPLs, as well as various algorithms for calculating the distance to the FL. Some algorithms for FL on OHPLs use emergency mode parameters (EMP); other algorithms use measurement results based on wave methods. Many random factors that determine the magnitude of the error in calculating the distance to the FL affect the operation of FL devices by EMP. Methods based on deterministic procedures used in well-known FL devices for OHPLs do not take into account the influence of random factors, which significantly increases the time to search for the fault. The authors have developed a method of FL on OHPLs based on a multi-hypothetical sequential analysis using the Armitage algorithm. The task of recognizing a faulted section of an OHPL is formulated as a statistical problem. To do this, the inspection area of the OHPL is divided into many sections, followed by the implementation of the procedure for FL. The developed method makes it possible to adapt the distortions of currents and voltages on the emergency mode oscillograms to the conditions for estimating their parameters. The results of the calculations proved that the implementation of the developed method has practically no effect on the speed of the FL algorithm for the OHPL by EMP. This ensures the uniqueness of determining the faulted section of the OHPL under the influence of random factors, which leads to a significant reduction in the inspection area of the OHPL. The application of the developed method in FL devices for OHPLs will ensure the required reliability of power supply to consumers and reduce losses from power outages by minimizing the time to search for a fault. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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20 pages, 6692 KiB  
Article
A Rank Analysis and Ensemble Machine Learning Model for Load Forecasting in the Nodes of the Central Mongolian Power System
by Tuvshin Osgonbaatar, Pavel Matrenin, Murodbek Safaraliev, Inga Zicmane, Anastasia Rusina and Sergey Kokin
Inventions 2023, 8(5), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8050114 - 05 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1512
Abstract
Forecasting electricity consumption is currently one of the most important scientific and practical tasks in the field of electric power industry. The early retrieval of data on expected load profiles makes it possible to choose the optimal operating mode of the system. The [...] Read more.
Forecasting electricity consumption is currently one of the most important scientific and practical tasks in the field of electric power industry. The early retrieval of data on expected load profiles makes it possible to choose the optimal operating mode of the system. The resultant forecast accuracy significantly affects the performance of the entire electrical complex and the operating conditions of the electricity market. This can be achieved through using a model of total electricity consumption designed with an acceptable margin of error. This paper proposes a new method for predicting power consumption in all nodes of the power system through the determination of rank coefficients calculated directly for the corresponding voltage level, including node substations, power supply zones, and other parts of the power system. The forecast of the daily load schedule and the construction of a power consumption model was based on the example of nodes in the central power system in Mongolia. An ensemble of decision trees was applied to construct a daily load schedule and rank coefficients were used to simulate consumption in the nodes. Initial data were obtained from daily load schedules, meteorological factors, and calendar features of the central power system, which accounts for the majority of energy consumption and generation in Mongolia. The study period was 2019–2021. The daily load schedules of the power system were constructed using machine learning with a probability of 1.25%. The proposed rank analysis for power system zones increases the forecasting accuracy for each zone and can improve the quality of management and create more favorable conditions for the development of distributed generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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20 pages, 6662 KiB  
Article
Inductive Compensation of an Open-Loop IPT Circuit: Analysis and Design
by Mario Ponce-Silva, Alan R. García-García, Jaime Arau, Josué Lara-Reyes and Claudia Cortés-García
Inventions 2023, 8(4), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8040104 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1716
Abstract
The main contribution of this paper is the inductive compensation of a wireless inductive power transmission circuit (IPT) with resonant open-loop inductive coupling. The variations in the coupling coefficient k due to the misalignment of the transmitter and receiver are compensated with only [...] Read more.
The main contribution of this paper is the inductive compensation of a wireless inductive power transmission circuit (IPT) with resonant open-loop inductive coupling. The variations in the coupling coefficient k due to the misalignment of the transmitter and receiver are compensated with only one auxiliary inductance in the primary of the inductive coupling. A low-power prototype was implemented with the following specifications: input voltage Vin = 27.5 V, output power Po = 10 W, switching frequency f = 500 kHz, output voltage Vo = 12 V, transmission distance d = 1.5 mm. Experimental results varying the distance “d” with several values of the compensation inductor demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal. An efficiency of 75.10% under nominal conditions was achieved. This proposal is a simple compensation topology for wireless chargers of cellular phones presenting small distances between the transmitter and receiver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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22 pages, 6694 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Harmonic-Reduced Modified PUC Multi-Level Inverter Based on an MPC Algorithm
by Umapathi Krishnamoorthy, Ushaa Pitchaikani, Eugen Rusu and Hady H. Fayek
Inventions 2023, 8(4), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8040090 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1077
Abstract
Renewable and distributed energy generation includes wind turbines, fuel cells, solar cells, and batteries. These distributed energy sources need special power converters in order to connect them to the grid and make the generated power available for public use. Solar energy is the [...] Read more.
Renewable and distributed energy generation includes wind turbines, fuel cells, solar cells, and batteries. These distributed energy sources need special power converters in order to connect them to the grid and make the generated power available for public use. Solar energy is the most readily available energy source; hence, if utilized properly, it can power up both domestic and industrial loads. Solar cells produce DC power, and this should be converted to an AC source with the help of inverters. A multi-level inverter for an application is selected based on a trade-off between cost, complexity, losses, and total harmonic distortion (THD). A packed U-cell (PUC) topology is composed of power switches and voltage sources connected in a series-parallel fashion. This basic unit can be extended to a greater number of output voltage levels. The significance of this design is the reduced use of power switches, gate drivers, protection circuits, and capacitors. The converter presented in this paper is a 31-level topology switched by a variable switching frequency-based model predictive controller that helps in achieving optimal output with reduced harmonics to a great extent. The gate driver circuit is also optimized in terms of power consumption and size complexity. A comparison of the 9-level and the 31-level PUC inverters is carried out to study the impact of the number of levels on the total harmonic distortion. The simulation results depict that the total harmonic distortion (THD) for a nominal modulation index of 0.8 is 11.54% and 3.27% for the 9-level multi-level inverter (MLI) and the 31-level modified packed U-cell multi-level inverter (MPUC-MLI), respectively. The reduction in THD is attributed to the increased number of steps in the output when using the model predictive controller. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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19 pages, 1287 KiB  
Article
A Decentralized Blockchain-Based Energy Market for Citizen Energy Communities
by Peyman Mousavi, Mohammad Sadegh Ghazizadeh and Vahid Vahidinasab
Inventions 2023, 8(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8040086 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 926
Abstract
Despite the fact that power grids have been planned and utilized using centralized networks for many years, there are now significant changes occurring as a result of the growing number of distributed energy resources, the development of energy storage systems and devices, and [...] Read more.
Despite the fact that power grids have been planned and utilized using centralized networks for many years, there are now significant changes occurring as a result of the growing number of distributed energy resources, the development of energy storage systems and devices, and the increased use of electric vehicles. In light of this development, it is pertinent to ask what an efficient approach would be to the operation and management of future distribution grids consisting of millions of distributed and even mobile energy elements. Parallel to this evolution in power grids, there has been rapid growth in decentralized management technology due to the development of relevant technologies such as blockchain networks. Blockchain is an advanced technology that enables us to answer the question raised above. This paper introduces a decentralized blockchain network based on the Hyperledger Fabric framework. The proposed framework enables the formation of local energy markets of future citizen energy communities (CECs) through peer-to-peer transactions. In addition, it is designed to ensure adequate load supply and observe the network’s constraints while running an optimal operation point by consensus among all of the players in a CEC. An open-source tool in Python is used to verify the performance of the proposed framework and compare the results. Through its distributed and layered management structure, the proposed blockchain-based framework proves its superior flexibility and proper functioning. Moreover, the results show that the proposed model increases system performance, reduces costs, and reaches an operating point based on consensus among the microgrid elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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11 pages, 4371 KiB  
Article
Robust Control and Active Vibration Suppression in Dynamics of Smart Systems
by Amalia Moutsopoulou, Georgios E. Stavroulakis, Anastasios Pouliezos, Markos Petousis and Nectarios Vidakis
Inventions 2023, 8(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010047 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1155
Abstract
Challenging issues arise in the design of control strategies for piezoelectric smart structures. Piezoelectric materials have been investigated for use in distributed parameter systems in order to provide active control efficiently and affordably. In the active control of dynamic systems, distributed sensors and [...] Read more.
Challenging issues arise in the design of control strategies for piezoelectric smart structures. Piezoelectric materials have been investigated for use in distributed parameter systems in order to provide active control efficiently and affordably. In the active control of dynamic systems, distributed sensors and actuators can be created using piezoelectric materials. The three fundamental issues that structural control engineers must face when creating robust control laws are structural modeling methodologies, uncertainty modeling, and robustness validation. These issues are reviewed in this article. A smart structure with piezoelectric (PZT) materials is investigated for its active vibration response under dynamic disturbance. Numerical modeling with finite elements is used to achieve that. The vibration for different model values is presented considering the uncertainty of the modeling. A vibration suppression was achieved with a robust controller and with a reduced order controller. Results are presented for the frequency domain and the state space domain. This work cleary demostrated the advantage of robust control in the vibration suppration of smart stuctures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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9 pages, 2872 KiB  
Article
Compromised Vibration Isolator of Electric Power Generator Considering Self-Excitation and Basement Input
by Young Whan Park, Tae-Wan Kim and Chan-Jung Kim
Inventions 2023, 8(1), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010040 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1182
Abstract
A previous study proposed an optimal vibration isolator for self-excitation, but the solution results showed a critical drawback for the basement input. Because the plant system is exposed to self-excitation and basement input, the vibration isolator characteristics must meet all the requirements of [...] Read more.
A previous study proposed an optimal vibration isolator for self-excitation, but the solution results showed a critical drawback for the basement input. Because the plant system is exposed to self-excitation and basement input, the vibration isolator characteristics must meet all the requirements of both excitation cases. Two performance indices of the vibration isolator were introduced to evaluate the vibration control capability over two excitation cases, self-excitation and basement input, using the theoretical linear model of the electric power generator. The compromise strategy was devoted to enhancing the vibration control capability over the basement input, owing to the acceptable margin for self-excitation. The modification of the mechanical properties of the vibration isolator focused on the isolator between the mass block and the surrounding building. Simulation results revealed that an increase in the spring coefficient and a decrease in the damping coefficient of the vibration isolator beneath the mass block could enhance the vibration reduction capability over the basement input. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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18 pages, 1801 KiB  
Article
Organization of Control of the Generalized Power Quality Parameter Using Wald’s Sequential Analysis Procedure
by Aleksandr Kulikov, Pavel Ilyushin, Konstantin Suslov and Sergey Filippov
Inventions 2023, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010017 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1214
Abstract
This paper analyzes the key defining features of modern electric power distribution networks of industrial enterprises. It is shown that the requirements set by industrial enterprises with respect to power quality parameters (PQPs) at the points of their connection to external distribution networks [...] Read more.
This paper analyzes the key defining features of modern electric power distribution networks of industrial enterprises. It is shown that the requirements set by industrial enterprises with respect to power quality parameters (PQPs) at the points of their connection to external distribution networks of utilities have been becoming increasingly strict in recent years. This is justified by the high sensitivity of critical electrical loads and distributed generation facilities to distortions of currents and voltages from a pure sine wave. Significant deviations of PQPs lead to significant damage at the consumer end due to the shutdown of electrical equipment by electrical and process protections as a result of overheating and increased wear and tear of individual elements of process lines. This necessitates the implementation of continuous monitoring systems at industrial enterprises, or sampling-based monitoring of PQPs at the boundary bus with an external distribution network. When arranging sampling-based monitoring of PQPs at certain time intervals, only those parameters that are critical for specific electrical loads should be calculated. We provide a rationale for the transition from the monitoring of a set of individual PQPs to a generalized PQP with the arrangement of simultaneous monitoring of several parameters. The joint use of the results of simulation and data from PQP monitoring systems for PQP analysis using the sampling-based procedure produces the desired effect. We present an example of a sequential decision-making process in the analysis of a generalized PQP based on Wald’s sequential analysis procedure. This technique makes it possible to adapt the PQP monitoring procedure to the features of a specific power distribution network of an industrial enterprise. We present the structural diagram of the device developed by the authors, which implements the sampling-based monitoring procedure of the generalized PQP. We put forward an approach for determining the average number of sampling data points required to make a decision about the power quality in the implementation of the sequential analysis procedure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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10 pages, 6297 KiB  
Article
Research of Static and Dynamic Properties of Power Semiconductor Diodes at Low and Cryogenic Temperatures
by Mikhail Ostapchuk, Dmitry Shishov, Daniil Shevtsov and Sergey Zanegin
Inventions 2022, 7(4), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7040096 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Systems with high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) impose new requirements on power conversions, since the main part of the losses in such systems is induced in the semiconductors of the converters. Within the framework of this study, the possibility of improving the static and dynamic [...] Read more.
Systems with high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) impose new requirements on power conversions, since the main part of the losses in such systems is induced in the semiconductors of the converters. Within the framework of this study, the possibility of improving the static and dynamic characteristics of power semiconductor diodes using cryogenic cooling was confirmed; in some cases, a loss reduction of up to 30% was achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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19 pages, 2475 KiB  
Article
Energy-Saving Load Control of Induction Electric Motors for Drives of Working Machines to Reduce Thermal Wear
by Tareq M. A. Al-Quraan, Oleksandr Vovk, Serhii Halko, Serhii Kvitka, Olena Suprun, Oleksandr Miroshnyk, Vitalii Nitsenko, Nurul Mohammad Zayed and K. M. Anwarul Islam
Inventions 2022, 7(4), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions7040092 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1860
Abstract
The influence of reduced voltage on the service life of an induction motor is considered in this article. An algorithm for calculating the rate of thermal wear of induction motor insulation under reduced supply voltage depending on the load and the mechanical characteristics [...] Read more.
The influence of reduced voltage on the service life of an induction motor is considered in this article. An algorithm for calculating the rate of thermal wear of induction motor insulation under reduced supply voltage depending on the load and the mechanical characteristics of the working machine has been developed. It determines the change in the rate of thermal wear under alternating external effects on the motor (supply voltage and load) and allows forecasting its service life under these conditions. The dependency graphs of the rate of insulation thermal wear on the motor load for various levels of supply voltage and various mechanical characteristics of working machines are provided in the work. It was determined that the rate of thermal wear of the induction motor insulation increases significantly when the voltage is reduced compared to its nominal value with nominal load on the motor. The authors propose to consider this fact for resource-saving control of the motor. The paper presents the results of experimental verification of the obtained rule for “Asynchronous Interelectro” (AI) series electric motors that confirm its accuracy. Based on the obtained correlation, the rule of voltage regulation in energy-saving operation mode has been derived. The proposed rule takes into account the thermal impact on the electric motor running in energy-saving mode and enables saving its resource, which, in turn, results in extending its service life. The research does not consider additional effects on the electric motor except the thermal one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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Review

Jump to: Research

36 pages, 2702 KiB  
Review
A Review of Perspectives on Developing Floating Wind Farms
by Mohamed Maktabi and Eugen Rusu
Inventions 2024, 9(2), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions9020024 - 21 Feb 2024
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Abstract
Floating wind is becoming an essential part of renewable energy, and so highlighting perspectives of developing floating wind platforms is very important. In this paper, we focus on floating wind concepts and projects around the world, which will show the reader what is [...] Read more.
Floating wind is becoming an essential part of renewable energy, and so highlighting perspectives of developing floating wind platforms is very important. In this paper, we focus on floating wind concepts and projects around the world, which will show the reader what is going on with the projects globally, and will also provide insight into the concepts and their corresponding related aspects. The main aim of this work is to classify floating wind concepts in terms of their number and manufacturing material, and to classify the floating wind projects in terms of their power capacity, their number, character (if they are installed or planned) and the corresponding continents and countries where they are based. We will classify the corresponding additional available data that corresponds to some of these projects, with reference to their costs, wind speeds, water depths, and distances to shore. In addition, the floating wind global situation and its corresponding aspects of relevance will be also covered in detail throughout the paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Challenges in Emerging Power Systems)
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