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A special issue of Inventions (ISSN 2411-5134). This special issue belongs to the section "Inventions and innovation in Energy and Thermal/Fluidic Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2023 | Viewed by 6197

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Prof. Dr. Shyy Woei Chang

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Department of System and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: heat transfer enhancement; gas turbine blade cooling; electronic cooling; thermosyphon and heat pipe; heat convection of reciprocating and pulsating flows; cooling of electric motor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluid mechanics and transport phenomena play a crucial role in many different engineering fields, such as in fluid machineries, chemical processes, heat exchangers, energy conversion and management, heat/mass transfer enhancement, flow resistance of propulsion, cooling of electric and electronic devices, engineering apparatus with multi-phase flow, and renewable energy systems. This Special Issue is dedicated to the current advancements in theoretical, experimental, and numerical studies of single and multiphase flows, which are of significance for the science of industrial applications. Papers addressing the latest developments in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental methods for investigating fluid flows involving transport phenomena are also of interest.

Prof. Dr. Shyy Woei Chang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

fluid machinery
heat and mass transfer
hydrodynamics of single/multiphase flows
energy conversion and management
flow resistance of propulsion

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

CFD Investigation for Sonar Dome with Bulbous Bow Effect

and

Inventions 2023, 8(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8020058 - 23 Mar 2023

Viewed by 789

Abstract

The objective of this study is to design a hull-mounted sonar dome of a ship using OpenFOAM with a bulbous bow effect at cruise speed in calm water. Verification and validation for the original sonar dome simulation are conducted. Next, the 1.44 million grid size is selected to study different dome lengths. By protruding the dome forward 7.5% of the ship’s length, the optimal 17% resistance reduction is achieved and is mainly caused by the pressure resistance decrease. The optimal sonar dome not only functions in the same way as a bulbous bow, but the viscous flow behaviors are also improved. The protrusion corresponding to 90 deg phase lag reduces the bow wave amplitude. The flow acceleration outside the boundary layer and ship wake velocity are higher coinciding with the much lower total resistance. A smaller flow separation and thinner boundary layer are also observed behind the sonar dome because its back slope is less steep. The high pressure covers a smaller area around the bow, and the smaller bow wave crest does not hit the ship’s flare to form high pressure. Consequently, the lower high pressure on the dome front and higher low pressure on the dome back result in the decreases in pressure resistance. The vortical structures are also improved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Open AccessArticle

On Some Theoretical Aspects of The Evaporation Process of a Droplet and Its Optimal Size When Extinguishing Fires

Sergey Oktyabrinovich Gladkov

Inventions 2023, 8(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010035 - 30 Jan 2023

Viewed by 537

Abstract

We are proposing a model mathematical description of droplet evaporation using the kinetic approach. We have obtained the basic equation of the theory by using the law of conserving the full power of the vapor–liquid system, which has not been done before. We have found the range of droplet sizes at which it is stable. We have given a comparison of the obtained results with the known traditional ones. We have given numerical estimates for the critical size of the fine-dispersed phase up to the value of which ordinary evaporation takes place (that is for Knudsen number

K n = \frac{l}{R}

, inequality

K n ≪ 1

must be fulfilled, where

l -

is the free path of the molecule and

R -

is the droplet radius). We have given the optimal droplet size which is the most effective from the point of view of technical use in extinguishing flammable oil transformers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Open AccessArticle

Modification of Pulse Decay Method for Determination of Permeability of Crystalline Rocks

Victor I. Malkovsky

Andrey V. Zharikov

and

Michael I. Ojovan

Inventions 2023, 8(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010014 - 06 Jan 2023

Viewed by 888

Abstract

An improvement of the pulse decay method of rock permeability measurement is presented. The technique is based on fitting experimental data to analytical and numerical solutions of the filtration equations derived with regard to the variation of flowing gas properties with temperature and pressure. A special apparatus and software for the implementation of this method were developed. A single experiment in which gas is used as a flowing medium enables determining both the permeability of a sample to water and the Klinkenberg constant. The permeability measurements on the samples of different types of rock with various reservoir properties were carried out and demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and efficiency of the method. An effective method for anisotropic permeability measurement is proposed as a development of this technique. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Open AccessArticle

An Original Aerodynamic Ducting System to Improve Energy Efficiency in the Automotive Industry

Jana Fernández-Gutiérrez

Pablo Fernández-Arias

Diego Vergara

and

Álvaro Antón-Sancho

Inventions 2023, 8(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010013 - 06 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1184

Abstract

In the automotive industry, the flow of air generates high resistance in the advance of vehicles. In light of this situation, the objective of the present invention is to take advantage of the force of the air itself to help propel vehicles and thus reduce fuel consumption. A channeling system has been designed based on a deflector that collects the air that impacts against the vehicle at the front, transferring it to the rear where it is expelled, allowing the vacuum zone to be filled so that the high pressures of the channeled air are repositioned in the depression zone, significantly increasing the values of the pressures, including those that were previously negative. The deflector has been built and incorporated into a model car so that comparative experimental wind tunnel tests could be carried out to verify that the vacuum in the rear area is eliminated, and positive pressure is obtained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Open AccessArticle

Research and Development of Criterial Correlations for the Optimal Grid Element Size Used for RANS Flow Simulation in Single and Compound Channels

and

Inventions 2023, 8(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010004 - 23 Dec 2022

Viewed by 972

Abstract

At present, software products for numerical simulation of fluid dynamics problems (ANSYS Fluent, Ansys CFX, Star CCM, Comsol, etc.) problems are widely used. These software products are mainly based on the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equations, the most common and computationally easy method of solving, which is Reynolds averaging (RANS), and further closing the system using semi-empirical turbulence models. Currently, there are many modeling methods and turbulence models; however, there are no generalized recommendations for setting up grid models for modeling flows, while for practical use both the correct mathematical models and the setting of the computational grid are important. In particular, there are no generalized recommendations on the choice of scale of global elements of grid models for typical single channels. This work is devoted to the development and study of relations for a priori estimation of the parameters of a grid model in relation to solving hydrodynamic problems with fluid flow in channels. The paper proposes the introduction of a generalized grid convergence criterion for single channels at high Reynolds numbers. As single channels, a channel with a sudden expansion, a channel with a sudden contraction, and diffuser channels with different opening angles are considered. Based on the results of variant calculations of typical single channels at various Reynolds numbers and various geometric parameters, generalized criterion correlations were obtained to find dimensionless linear scales of grid elements relative to the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow in the channel. Variant calculations of the compound channel were investigated, which showed the adequacy of correlations proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Open AccessArticle

Aerodynamic Performance of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Operating with Dust—A Computational Study

Dimitra Douvi

Eleni Douvi

and

Dionissios Margaris

Inventions 2023, 8(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8010003 - 23 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1324

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to develop an understanding of the aerodynamic performance of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) operating in a dusty environment, with various concentration of dust in the flow domain. The computational analysis was accomplished by the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS Fluent 16.0. Initially, a user-friendly developed application was utilized for the optimum blade geometry special characteristics calculation. The design of the HAWT rotor and meshing of the computational domain follows. The moving reference frame (MRF) model was applied for the rotary motion of the blades, the dust was added in the computational domain by the discrete phase model (DPM) and SST k–ω turbulence model was enabled. The power output of the studied HAWT, operating in several dusty environments, was estimated and compared with the power output of a particular HAWT in clean air. The flow field around the HAWT rotor, including the contours of pressure, particles dissipation rate and erosion rate on both blade sides, are shown. In general, it is concluded that the operation of a HAWT in a dusty environment results in degraded performance, due to the particles deposition on the blades. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena)

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Special Issue "Recent Advances in Fluid Mechanics and Transport Phenomena"

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