Transition Metal Complex-Based Luminescent Probes

A special issue of Inorganics (ISSN 2304-6740). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioinorganic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 7102

Special Issue Editors

Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: luminescence probes; cancer diagnosis; metal-based drug; structure-based drug discovery
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
Interests: transition metal-based probes; metallodrugs; structure-based drug discovery; luminescent oligonucleotide-based biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Interests: luminescence probes; CRISPR-based biosensors; luminescence sensing platform
Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: luminescence probe; organic synthesis; photophysics; biomedical applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transition metal complexes have received intensive interest in bioinorganic chemistry since the approval of cis-platin as a chemotherapeutic agent in the late 1970s. Since then, other bioactive transition metal complexes have been discovered and evaluated through in vitro and in vivo models, and some have entered clinic trials. At the same time, transition metal complexes have also been characterized by desirable photophysical properties including long emission lifetime, large Stokes shift, high photostability, and triplet emission. The dual role of luminescent transition metal complexes as both a luminophore and as a therapeutic agent has prompted academics to explore their potential in environmental analysis, biological analysis, and theranostic applications. These efforts highlight the importance of luminescent transition metal complexes in analytical and medicinal fields.

In this Special Issue, we wish to cover the most recent advances in all these aspects of transition metal complex-based luminescent probes by hosting a mix of original research articles and short critical reviews.

Dr. Wanhe Wang
Prof. Dr. Duncan Chung-Hang Leung
Dr. Jing Wang
Dr. Guochen Bao
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • transition metal complex
  • luminescence probes
  • biomedical applications
  • environmental analysis
  • cancer diagnosis
  • diagnostic probes
  • theranostics
  • luminescent biosensors

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3690 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antitumor Mechanism Investigation of Ruthenium(II)/Rhenium(I)-Daminozide Conjugates
by Pei-Xin Yang, Kai Xie, Mei-Ru Chen, Zheng Zhang, Bo Huang, Rong-Tao Li and Rui-Rong Ye
Inorganics 2023, 11(4), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11040142 - 26 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1123
Abstract
Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, is an effective inhibitor of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. Herein, four ruthenium(II)/rhenium(I)-daminozide conjugates, with molecular formulas [Ru(N-N)2bpy(4-CH2OH-4′-CH2O-daminozide)](PF6)2 (Ru-1/Ru-2) (N-N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru-1 [...] Read more.
Daminozide, a plant growth regulator, is an effective inhibitor of the Jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) histone demethylase. Herein, four ruthenium(II)/rhenium(I)-daminozide conjugates, with molecular formulas [Ru(N-N)2bpy(4-CH2OH-4′-CH2O-daminozide)](PF6)2 (Ru-1/Ru-2) (N-N = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in Ru-1) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in Ru-2)) and Re(N-N)(CO)3(PyCH2O-daminozide) (Re-1/Re-2) (Py = pyridine, N-N = phen (in Re-1) and DIP (in Re-2)), were synthesized and characterized. Among these complexes, Ru-2 and Re-2 exhibited higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells than cisplatin. Upregulation of H3K9Me3 expression level was found in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) treated with Ru-2 and Re-2, indicating that these two complexes can inhibit the activity of JMJD histone demethylase. Further investigation revealed that Re-2 can selectively accumulate in the mitochondria of HeLa cells. Both Ru-2 and Re-2 can cause mitochondrial damage, induce apoptosis, and inhibit cell migration and colony formation of HeLa cells. Overall, these complexes exhibit multiple anticancer functions, including inhibiting JMJD, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting cell invasion, making them promising candidates for anticancer drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Complex-Based Luminescent Probes)
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18 pages, 2703 KiB  
Article
Development of Aldehyde Functionalized Iridium(III) Complexes Photosensitizers with Strong Visible-Light Absorption for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation from Water
by Xiao Yao, Qian Zhang, Po-Yu Ho, Sze-Chun Yiu, Songwut Suramitr, Supa Hannongbua and Cheuk-Lam Ho
Inorganics 2023, 11(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11030110 - 08 Mar 2023
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Abstract
Four iridium(III) dyes functionalized with aldehyde functional group in the cyclometalating (C^N) ligands, bearing either diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate or tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups, coded as Ir1Ir4, are synthesized and explored as photosensitizers. The synthetic route is described and all of the [...] Read more.
Four iridium(III) dyes functionalized with aldehyde functional group in the cyclometalating (C^N) ligands, bearing either diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate or tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups, coded as Ir1Ir4, are synthesized and explored as photosensitizers. The synthetic route is described and all of the complexes are characterized with respect to their electrochemical and photophysical properties. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to gain insight into the factors responsible for the photocatalytic properties of Ir1Ir4 as effective photosensitizers for photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Relative to common iridium(III) dyes, such as [Ir(ppy)2(dcbpy)]+ (ppy = 2-phenylpyridine), the absorption spectra of our dyes are broader, which is attributed to the extended π-conjugation in their C^N ligands. All of the new iridium(III) dyes were used as photosensitizers for visible-light driven hydrogen production by attaching to platinized TiO2 nanoparticles (Pt–TiO2) in the presence of sacrificial electron donor (SED) of ascorbic acid (AA) in a purely aqueous solution. A H2 turnover number (TON) up to 5809 was demonstrated for 280 h irradiation. Complexes with tetraethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-diylbis(phosphonate) anchoring groups were found to outperform those with classical diethyl [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylate, which may be one of the important steps in developing high-efficiency iridium(III) photosensitizers in water splitting hydrogen generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Complex-Based Luminescent Probes)
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Review

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21 pages, 7481 KiB  
Review
Older but Stronger: Development of Platinum-Based Antitumor Agents and Research Advances in Tumor Immunity
by Jianing Liu, Yi Cao, Bin Hu, Tao Li, Wei Zhang, Zhongze Zhang, Jinhua Gao, Hanjing Niu, Tengli Ding, Jinzhong Wu, Yutong Chen, Pengfei Zhang, Ruijuan Ma, Shihao Su, Chaojie Wang, Peng George Wang, Jing Ma and Songqiang Xie
Inorganics 2023, 11(4), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11040145 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1616
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) drugs have developed rapidly in clinical applications because of their broad and highly effective antitumor effects. In recent years, with the rapid development of immunotherapy, Pt-based antitumor agents have gained new challenges and opportunities. Since the discovery of their pharmacological effects [...] Read more.
Platinum (Pt) drugs have developed rapidly in clinical applications because of their broad and highly effective antitumor effects. In recent years, with the rapid development of immunotherapy, Pt-based antitumor agents have gained new challenges and opportunities. Since the discovery of their pharmacological effects in immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment regulation, research into Pt drugs has progressed to multi-ligand and multi-functional Pt precursors and their own shortcomings have been further highlighted. With the development of antitumor immunotherapy and the rise of combination therapy, the development of Pt-based drugs has started to move in the direction of multi-targeting, nanocarrier modification, immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we first overview the recent applications of Pt-based drugs in antitumor inorganic chemistry, with a focus on summarizing the application of Pt-based drugs and their precursors in the anticancer immune response. The paper also provides a reasonable outlook on the future development of Pt-based drugs from the chemical and immunological perspectives, relying on the existing content and problems of Pt-based drug development. On the basis of the gathered information, joint multidisciplinary programs on implementing comprehensive immune analyses for the future development of novel anticancer metal compounds should be initiated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Complex-Based Luminescent Probes)
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16 pages, 6887 KiB  
Review
Affinity-Based Luminescent Iridium(III) Complexes for the Detection of Disease-Related Proteins
by Wanhe Wang, Jianhua Liu, Sang-Cuo Nao, Dik-Lung Ma, Jing Wang and Chung-Hang Leung
Inorganics 2022, 10(11), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10110178 - 25 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1568
Abstract
The occurrence of diseases is usually accompanied by changes in protein levels and types. These differentially expressed proteins can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, luminescent iridium(III) complexes have attracted much attention in the field [...] Read more.
The occurrence of diseases is usually accompanied by changes in protein levels and types. These differentially expressed proteins can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, luminescent iridium(III) complexes have attracted much attention in the field of protein-based disease diagnosis due to their excellent optical properties. In particular, affinity-based luminescent iridium(III) complexes have the advantage of evaluating protein information with minimal interference on their biological activities. In this review, we summarize the current advances in affinity-based luminescent iridium(III) complexes for the detection of disease-related proteins. Moreover, the future perspective for affinity-based iridium(III) complexes is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transition Metal Complex-Based Luminescent Probes)
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