Feature Paper Special Issue for Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of Immuno

A special issue of Immuno (ISSN 2673-5601).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 June 2023) | Viewed by 15189

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S-1, W-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
Interests: onco-immunology; cancer immunotherapy; immunopathology; CAR-T cell; tumor microenvironment; cancer vaccine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Immuno is dedicated to recent advances in immunological research and clinical applications and will showcase a selection of exclusive papers of the Editorial Board Members (EBMs) of Immuno. It specifically focuses on highlighting recent interesting investigations conducted in the laboratories of our section’s EBMs and represents our young section as an attractive open-access publishing platform for immunology research data.

Prof. Dr. Toshihiko Torigoe
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Immuno is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1643 KiB  
Article
Plasma Cytokine Levels and Cytokine Genetic Polymorphisms in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving High-Dose Chemotherapy
by Robert Lafrenie, Mary Bewick, Carly Buckner and Michael Conlon
Immuno 2023, 3(1), 16-34; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno3010002 - 14 Jan 2023
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Abstract
Differences in the baseline levels of serum cytokines or in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes may be useful to predict outcomes for patients being treated for metastatic breast cancer. We have measured the plasma levels and characterized individual SNPs for IL-1RA, IL-1β, [...] Read more.
Differences in the baseline levels of serum cytokines or in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cytokine genes may be useful to predict outcomes for patients being treated for metastatic breast cancer. We have measured the plasma levels and characterized individual SNPs for IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα in 130 patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with high-dose chemotherapy. Patients were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide (Group 1, 74 patients) or high-dose paclitaxel-containing regimens (Group 2, 56 patients). A high plasma level of IL-1RA and a SNP in the IL-1RA gene indicated a better prognosis for patients in Group 1 (but not Group 2). However, the level of plasma IL-1RA did not correlate with the SNP genotype. A high plasma level of IL-6 or TNFα indicated a poorer outcome for patients in Group 1 although the SNP genotypes for the IL-6 and TNFα SNPs were not associated with differences in outcome. The plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-2 and the genotype of the IL-1β SNPs did not indicate differences in outcome. Although, individually, plasma levels of cytokine or “risk” SNP genotypes may not indicate outcome, in combination there was an increased trend to predict outcome for patients treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide but not high-dose paclitaxel. These results suggest that the immune cytokines may be useful as prognostic biomarkers in the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with different types of chemotherapy. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 2110 KiB  
Review
Autophagy in Virus Infection: A Race between Host Immune Response and Viral Antagonism
by Karan Chawla, Gayatri Subramanian, Tia Rahman, Shumin Fan, Sukanya Chakravarty, Shreyas Gujja, Hayley Demchak, Ritu Chakravarti and Saurabh Chattopadhyay
Immuno 2022, 2(1), 153-169; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno2010012 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6265
Abstract
Virus-infected cells trigger a robust innate immune response and facilitate virus replication. Here, we review the role of autophagy in virus infection, focusing on both pro-viral and anti-viral host responses using a select group of viruses. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway operated [...] Read more.
Virus-infected cells trigger a robust innate immune response and facilitate virus replication. Here, we review the role of autophagy in virus infection, focusing on both pro-viral and anti-viral host responses using a select group of viruses. Autophagy is a cellular degradation pathway operated at the basal level to maintain homeostasis and is induced by external stimuli for specific functions. The degradative function of autophagy is considered a cellular anti-viral immune response. However, autophagy is a double-edged sword in viral infection; viruses often benefit from it, and the infected cells can also use it to inhibit viral replication. In addition to viral regulation, autophagy pathway proteins also function in autophagy-independent manners to regulate immune responses. Since viruses have co-evolved with hosts, they have developed ways to evade the anti-viral autophagic responses of the cells. Some of these mechanisms are also covered in our review. Lastly, we conclude with the thought that autophagy can be targeted for therapeutic interventions against viral diseases. Full article
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14 pages, 1597 KiB  
Review
Multifaceted Role of the Transforming Growth Factor β on Effector T Cells and the Implication for CAR-T Cell Therapy
by Apolline de Folmont, Jean-Henri Bourhis, Salem Chouaib and Stéphane Terry
Immuno 2021, 1(3), 160-173; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno1030010 - 25 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3413
Abstract
Evading the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumors escape anti-tumor immunity through cell-intrinsic means and the assembly of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. By significantly boosting the host immune system, cancer immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors (CTLA-4 and PD-1) improved [...] Read more.
Evading the immune system is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Tumors escape anti-tumor immunity through cell-intrinsic means and the assembly of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. By significantly boosting the host immune system, cancer immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint receptors (CTLA-4 and PD-1) improved survival in patients even with cancers previously considered rapidly fatal. Nevertheless, an important group of patients is refractory or relapse rapidly. The factors involved in the heterogeneous responses observed are still poorly understood. Other immunotherapeutic approaches are being developed that may widen the options, including adoptive cell therapy using CAR-T cells alone or in combination. Despite impressive results in B cell malignancies, many caveats and unanswered questions remain in other cancers, thus limiting the potential of this approach to treat aggressive diseases. In particular, a complex TME could impair the survival, proliferation, and effector functions of CAR-T cells. Recent reports highlight the potential of targeting TGF-β signaling to improve CAR-T cell therapy. TGF-β is a well-known regulatory cytokine with pleiotropic effects in the TME, including immunosuppression. This review summarizes recent work investigating the potential effects of TGF-β within the TME, with a focus on CAR-T behavior and efficacy. We also discuss several key questions to be addressed to accelerate clinical translation of this approach. Full article
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Other

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5 pages, 1055 KiB  
Commentary
The New Anatomy of Neuroimmunology
by Claudio Solaro, David Barratt and Mauro Vaccarezza
Immuno 2022, 2(1), 255-259; https://doi.org/10.3390/immuno2010016 - 16 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2654
Abstract
In the past few years, a renowned interest in the interplay between the immune system and central nervous systems (CNS) has sparked a wealth of new experimental studies. Two recent publications in Science shed new light on the “resident” immune cell populations in [...] Read more.
In the past few years, a renowned interest in the interplay between the immune system and central nervous systems (CNS) has sparked a wealth of new experimental studies. Two recent publications in Science shed new light on the “resident” immune cell populations in the CNS and their functions in homeostasis and pathological status, with potential implications in understanding CNS disease mechanisms and in designing new “intelligent” therapies. Full article
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