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Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization
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Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization

A special issue of International Journal of Plant Biology (ISSN 2037-0164). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Ecology and Biodiversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 4862

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Taciana Barbosa Cavalcanti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
Interests: taxonomy; phylogeny; characterisation; herbarium

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The accelerated degradation of natural ecosystems across the globe, the loss of species diversity, and  the loss of genetic variability are all crises that require the continuous development of new technologies related to the conservation, characterization, improvement and use of plant genetic resources, in addition to definition policies on the sustainable use of and access to these resources. This Special Issue of the International Journal of Plant Biology is focused on the topic of plant genetic resources and brings a multidisciplinary approach related to the conservation and characterization of plant genetic resources, with articles distributed across different thematic areas and written by authorities on the subject.

The research presented involves ex situ and in vitro conservation in which the species are largely managed outside their natural environments, as well as complementary strategies, such as in situ/on farm conservation, in order to maintain species in their natural environments. In view of the demands of agricultural research, research into cultivated species, wild relatives of cultivated plants and with non-domesticated species of potential importance as genetic resources is addressed in order to expand the genetic base of existing ex situ collections and to suggest new uses for little-known species.

Management methods, morphological and genetic assessments, and DNA sequencing and bioinformatics technologies which accelerate characterization are covered in this Special Issue. An interesting discussion emerges from a large set of phylogenetic data obtained over several years of research with an ornamental genetic resource, with explorations of whether phylogenetic patterns based on plastome-exons can differ from those based on rapidly evolving intergenic spatial regions and how well they can be combined.

Dr. Taciana Barbosa Cavalcanti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Plant Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • conservation
  • characterization
  • evolution
  • genetic resources
  • plant breeding
  • pre-breeding

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3117 KiB  
Article
Germination and Vegetative Propagation of the Wild Species Cuphea pulchra Moric. (Lythraceae), a Potential Ornamental Crop
by Ana Luísa Corsino, Dulce Alves-da-Silva, Luis Alberto M. Palhares-Melo and Taciana Barbosa Cavalcanti
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 15(1), 32-45; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010003 - 29 Dec 2023
Viewed by 485
Abstract
Cuphea pulchra Moric. is a species native to the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes that grows in environments with high temperatures and low rainfall and can be adapted as an ornamental plant for pots. Tests were carried out on C. pulchra seeds, as well [...] Read more.
Cuphea pulchra Moric. is a species native to the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes that grows in environments with high temperatures and low rainfall and can be adapted as an ornamental plant for pots. Tests were carried out on C. pulchra seeds, as well as the cultivation of plants from both seeds and cuttings in a greenhouse. Seeds at different stages of maturity (green, almost ripe, and mature) were placed on agar and paper for germination tests. The cultivated plants were pruned as necessary. Two cutting tests were carried out according to the age of the donor plant. The flowering period was monitored. Germination was successful with the almost ripe seeds. Drastic pruning was able to produce compact plants in pots. Cutting tests had greater sprouting with younger donor plants. Cuphea pulchra stood out in terms of the length of the flowering period, which lasted up to ten months. Greenhouse cultivation produced viable plants for the ornamental plant market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization)
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12 pages, 1450 KiB  
Article
Prospection of Nematotoxic Aqueous Seeds Extracts Derived from the Preserved Arachis (Fabaceae) Germplasm Bank
by Bruna Nascimento, Cristiane Brauna, Paula Ferreira, Luis Melo, Paulo Ferreira and Thales Rocha
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2024, 15(1), 1-12; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010001 - 19 Dec 2023
Viewed by 698
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the most damaging plant pathogens all over the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), considered the most important phytonematodes globally, cause significant agricultural losses. Despite the availability of various strategies to manage these pathogenic agents, excessive use of nematicides poses a [...] Read more.
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are the most damaging plant pathogens all over the world. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs), considered the most important phytonematodes globally, cause significant agricultural losses. Despite the availability of various strategies to manage these pathogenic agents, excessive use of nematicides poses a threat to human health and the environment. Compounds derived from plant sources are proposed as an alternative to new biocides, potentially offering advantages over synthetic components. Several species within the Fabaceae family, including those within the Arachis genus, have demonstrated potential as sources of nematotoxic compounds. As part of a research program aimed at exploring bioactive compounds and valorizing germplasm banks, this study evaluated the nematicidal and nematostatic effects of aqueous crude extracts (ACEs) obtained from nine Arachis species sourced from the Embrapa Active Germplasm Bank against M. incognita’s second-stage juveniles (J2). The results indicate that Arachis stenosperma (ACE1) has promising nematocidal potential, with effectiveness exceeding 95% on dead nematodes for doses above 0.5 mg/mL. ACE1 has also demonstrated thermostability and lower harmful effects on bovine cells. This research provides a fresh outlook on the promising use of preserved germplasms to enhance Germplasm Storage Bank’s value, given the underexplored potential of these biological assets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization)
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13 pages, 2116 KiB  
Article
Designing Ex Situ Conservation Strategies for Butia capitata [Mart. (Becc.) Arecaceae], a Threatened Palm Tree from Brazilian Savannah Biome, through Zygotic Embryo Cryopreservation
by Giuliano Carvalho Frugeri, Gabriela Ferreira Nogueira, André Luís Xavier de Souza and Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(3), 612-624; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14030047 - 16 Jul 2023
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Abstract
Jelly palm (Butia capitata) is a species of palm tree endemic to the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado) Biome, which stands out for its use as food, which has resulted in a predatory exploitation of its natural populations. This study aimed to characterize [...] Read more.
Jelly palm (Butia capitata) is a species of palm tree endemic to the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado) Biome, which stands out for its use as food, which has resulted in a predatory exploitation of its natural populations. This study aimed to characterize fruits and diaspores of natural populations of jelly palm (‘Arinos’, ‘Mirabela’ and ‘Serranópolis’), in addition to developing ex situ conservation strategies of the species, through the storage of zygotic embryos at ultra-low temperatures of liquid nitrogen (LN). Initially, fruits, seeds and embryos were evaluated for their morphological characteristics. For conservation, hydrated zygotic embryos were desiccated for up to 12 h in a laminar-flow chamber and immersed directly in LN with different moisture contents. As a result, we observed morphological differences among the studied populations. The population ‘Arinos’ showed more expressive results for most of the evaluated characteristics, such as length, width of fruits and seeds. The cryopreservation of zygotic embryos proved to be efficient for the conservation of the species reaching germination rates between 70 and 86%, when the moisture content of the embryos immersed in LN were between 10 and 14%. The plants that reached the stage of the greenhouse had a rate of more than 80% survival. The variability in the characteristics of fruits and diaspores of the analyzed populations allow for establishing divergent groups for the definition of conservation strategies or genetic improvement. The developed cryopreservation protocol can be considered simple and efficient for the conservation of the genetic variability of the species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization)
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14 pages, 651 KiB  
Brief Report
On the Origin of Cultivated Roses: DNA Authentication of the Bourbon Rose Founding Pedigree
by Abdelmalek Alioua and Pascal Heitzler
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(4), 1117-1130; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14040082 - 01 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1283
Abstract
Rose flowers have been cultivated for their fragrance and their garden value since ancient times. Very ancient cultivars became famous locally for their specific use, and competitive horticultural activities progressively established, leading, with time, to landraces with limited polymorphism. The most famous examples [...] Read more.
Rose flowers have been cultivated for their fragrance and their garden value since ancient times. Very ancient cultivars became famous locally for their specific use, and competitive horticultural activities progressively established, leading, with time, to landraces with limited polymorphism. The most famous examples are the oil-bearing Damask roses from Iran and the Yueyue Fen garden strain from China. In 1817, a new rose, allegedly a hybrid from the two previous lineages, was discovered at Reunion. From this plant, as early as the 1820s, a new founder group, the Bourbon roses, was developed in France, which immediately stirred up deep passions among botanists and skilled enthusiasts. Today, more than 30,000 named cultivars have been raised either as garden and landscape plants for the cut rose market or as indoor pot plants. The market handles billions of euros a year, making the rose the most economically important crop worldwide. Following the inheritance of SSR DNA markers, we here propose a reconstitution of the very early lineage of Bourbon roses, clarifying one of the major steps, if not the major one, that links these very ancient heritage roses to modern roses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization)
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8 pages, 652 KiB  
Brief Report
Characterization of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Germplasm for Kernel Quality Attributes
by Ana Cecília Ribeiro de Castro, Eulália Romão Barbosa, Antônia Caricielle Amaro da Cruz, Vanessa Claudia Vasconcelos Segundo, Matheus Araújo Pereira, Antônio Calixto Lima, Claudio Rogerio B. Torres and Fernando Antonio Souza de Aragão
Int. J. Plant Biol. 2023, 14(4), 1092-1099; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14040079 - 28 Nov 2023
Viewed by 921
Abstract
Ensuring the quality attributes of cashew kernels is essential for selecting superior genotypes with agro-industrial potential. Therefore, this study characterized cashew nut accessions from the Cashew Germplasm Bank regarding kernel quality standards and identified genotypes with optimal characteristics for the industry. The characterization [...] Read more.
Ensuring the quality attributes of cashew kernels is essential for selecting superior genotypes with agro-industrial potential. Therefore, this study characterized cashew nut accessions from the Cashew Germplasm Bank regarding kernel quality standards and identified genotypes with optimal characteristics for the industry. The characterization included key industrial indicators such as peeling efficiency, average kernel mass, class, type, and industrial yield, evaluated in 47 different accessions. Through multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis, the accessions revealed four distinct groups, exposing correlations among various industrial indicators. The analysis revealed a diverse genetic profile within the Cashew Germplasm Bank. A notable finding is that 80.85% of the accessions group together, displaying predominant features—easy peeling, an average mass exceeding 2.5 g, categorized as super large (SLW) and large (LW), and uniformly white-colored kernels. Correlations found include a negative relationship between kernel mass and class and positive associations between class and industrial yield, as well as between industrial yield and peeling efficiency. The study reveals substantial variability in cashew nut germplasm with respect to quality traits, highlighting its invaluable potential for identifying and selecting superior genotypes adapted for agro-industrial purposes. Particularly promising are Group 4 accessions, such as BGC632, BGC589 and BGC127, presenting attributes indicative of high-quality kernels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Genetic Resources: Conservation and Characterization)
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