Research

20 pages, 3909 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Parameter and Hyper-Parameter Estimation Underlie Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Bread Wheat

by Mohammad Bahman Sadeqi, Agim Ballvora, Said Dadshani and Jens Léon

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814275 - 19 Sep 2023

Viewed by 659

Estimation and prediction play a key role in breeding programs. Currently, phenotyping of complex traits such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat is still expensive, requires high-throughput technologies and is very time consuming compared to genotyping. Therefore, researchers are trying to predict [...] Read more.

Estimation and prediction play a key role in breeding programs. Currently, phenotyping of complex traits such as nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat is still expensive, requires high-throughput technologies and is very time consuming compared to genotyping. Therefore, researchers are trying to predict phenotypes based on marker information. Genetic parameters such as population structure, genomic relationship matrix, marker density and sample size are major factors that increase the performance and accuracy of a model. However, they play an important role in adjusting the statistically significant false discovery rate (FDR) threshold in estimation. In parallel, there are many genetic hyper-parameters that are hidden and not represented in the given genomic selection (GS) model but have significant effects on the results, such as panel size, number of markers, minor allele frequency, number of call rates for each marker, number of cross validations and batch size in the training set of the genomic file. The main challenge is to ensure the reliability and accuracy of predicted breeding values (BVs) as results. Our study has confirmed the results of bias–variance tradeoff and adaptive prediction error for the ensemble-learning-based model STACK, which has the highest performance when estimating genetic parameters and hyper-parameters in a given GS model compared to other models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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15 pages, 1552 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Genetic Loci from Triticum timopheevii Associated with Gluten Content Revealed by GWAS in Wheat Breeding Lines

by Irina N. Leonova, Antonina A. Kiseleva, Alina A. Berezhnaya, Olga A. Orlovskaya and Elena A. Salina

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13304; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713304 - 27 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 914

Abstract

The content and quality of gluten in wheat grain is a distinctive characteristic that determines the final properties of wheat flour. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a wheat panel consisting of bread wheat varieties and the introgression [...] Read more.

The content and quality of gluten in wheat grain is a distinctive characteristic that determines the final properties of wheat flour. In this study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on a wheat panel consisting of bread wheat varieties and the introgression lines (ILs) obtained via hybridization with tetraploid wheat relatives. A total of 17 stable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) located on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 2B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 7B, and 7D that explained up to 21% of the phenotypic variation were identified. Among them, the QTLs on chromosomes 2A and 7B were found to contain three and six linked SNP markers, respectively. Comparative analysis of wheat genotypes according to the composition of haplotypes for the three closely linked SNPs of chromosome 2A indicated that haplotype TT/AA/GG was characteristic of ten ILs containing introgressions from T. timopheevii. The gluten content in the plants with TT/AA/GG haplotype was significantly higher than in the varieties with haplotype GG/GG/AA. Having compared the newly obtained data with the previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) we inferred that the locus on chromosome 2A inherited from T. timopheevii is potentially novel. The introgression lines containing the new locus can be used as sources of genetic factors to improve the quality traits of bread wheat. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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15 pages, 3091 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Characterization of Near-Isogenic Lines Derived from Synthetic Wheat Revealing the 2 kb Insertion in the PPD-D1 Gene Responsible for Heading Delay and Grain Number Improvement

by Shunzong Ning, Shengke Li, Kai Xu, Dongmei Liu, Li Ma, Chunfang Ma, Ming Hao, Lianquan Zhang, Wenjie Chen, Bo Zhang, Yun Jiang, Lin Huang, Xuejiao Chen, Bo Jiang, Zhongwei Yuan and Dengcai Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310834 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1194

Abstract

Spikelet number and grain number per spike are two crucial and correlated traits for grain yield in wheat. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture and spikelet formation in wheat. In this study, near-isogenic lines derived from the cross of a [...] Read more.

Spikelet number and grain number per spike are two crucial and correlated traits for grain yield in wheat. Photoperiod-1 (Ppd-1) is a key regulator of inflorescence architecture and spikelet formation in wheat. In this study, near-isogenic lines derived from the cross of a synthetic hexaploid wheat and commercial cultivars generated by double top-cross and two-phase selection were evaluated for the number of days to heading and other agronomic traits. The results showed that heading time segregation was conferred by a single incomplete dominant gene PPD-D1, and the 2 kb insertion in the promoter region was responsible for the delay in heading. Meanwhile, slightly delayed heading plants and later heading plants obviously have advantages in grain number and spikelet number of the main spike compared with early heading plants. Utilization of PPD-D1 photoperiod sensitivity phenotype as a potential means to increase wheat yield potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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18 pages, 4084 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality and Agronomic Trait Analyses of Pyramids Composed of Wheat Genes NGli-D2, Sec-1^s and 1Dx5+1Dy10

by Zhimu Bu, Gongyan Fang, Haixia Yu, Dewei Kong, Yanbing Huo, Xinyu Ma, Hui Chong, Xin Guan, Daxin Liu, Kexin Fan, Min Yan, Wujun Ma and Jiansheng Chen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119253 - 25 May 2023

Viewed by 1002

Abstract

Due to rising living standards, it is important to improve wheat’s quality traits by adjusting its storage protein genes. The introduction or locus deletion of high molecular weight subunits could provide new options for improving wheat quality and food safety. In this study, [...] Read more.

Due to rising living standards, it is important to improve wheat’s quality traits by adjusting its storage protein genes. The introduction or locus deletion of high molecular weight subunits could provide new options for improving wheat quality and food safety. In this study, digenic and trigenic wheat lines were identified, in which the 1Dx5+1Dy10 subunit, and NGli-D2 and Sec-1^s genes were successfully polymerized to determine the role of gene pyramiding in wheat quality. In addition, the effects of ω-rye alkaloids during 1BL/1RS translocation on quality were eliminated by introducing and utilizing 1Dx5+1Dy10 subunits through gene pyramiding. Additionally, the content of alcohol-soluble proteins was reduced, the Glu/Gli ratio was increased and high-quality wheat lines were obtained. The sedimentation values and mixograph parameters of the gene pyramids under different genetic backgrounds were significantly increased. Among all the pyramids, the trigenic lines in Zhengmai 7698, which was the genetic background, had the highest sedimentation value. The mixograph parameters of the midline peak time (MPT), midline peak value (MPV), midline peak width (MPW), curve tail value (CTV), curve tail width (CTW), midline value at 8 min (MTxV), midline width at 8 min (MTxW) and midline integral at 8 min (MTxI) of the gene pyramids were markedly enhanced, especially in the trigenic lines. Therefore, the pyramiding processes of the 1Dx5+1Dy10, Sec-1^S and NGli-D2 genes improved dough elasticity. The overall protein composition of the modified gene pyramids was better than that of the wild type. The Glu/Gli ratios of the type I digenic line and trigenic lines containing the NGli-D2 locus were higher than that of the type II digenic line without the NGli-D2 locus. The trigenic lines with Hengguan 35 as the genetic background had the highest Glu/Gli ratio among the specimens. The unextractable polymeric protein (UPP%) and Glu/Gli ratios of the type II digenic line and trigenic lines were significantly higher than those of the wild type. The UPP% of the type II digenic line was higher than that of the trigenic lines, while the Glu/Gli ratio was slightly lower than that of the trigenic lines. In addition, the celiac disease (CD) epitopes’ level of the gene pyramids significantly decreased. The strategy and information reported in this study could be very useful for improving wheat processing quality and reducing wheat CD epitopes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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26 pages, 11878 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Historical Selection, Adaptation Signatures, and Ambiguity of Introgressions in Wheat

by Demissew Sertse, Frank M. You, Valentyna Klymiuk, Jemanesh K. Haile, Amidou N’Diaye, Curtis J. Pozniak, Sylvie Cloutier and Sateesh Kagale

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098390 - 07 May 2023

Viewed by 1692

Abstract

Wheat was one of the crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent region approximately 10,000 years ago. Despite undergoing recent polyploidization, hull-to-free-thresh transition events, and domestication bottlenecks, wheat is now grown in over 130 countries and accounts for a quarter of the world’s cereal [...] Read more.

Wheat was one of the crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent region approximately 10,000 years ago. Despite undergoing recent polyploidization, hull-to-free-thresh transition events, and domestication bottlenecks, wheat is now grown in over 130 countries and accounts for a quarter of the world’s cereal production. The main reason for its widespread success is its broad genetic diversity that allows it to thrive in different environments. To trace historical selection and hybridization signatures, genome scans were performed on two datasets: approximately 113K SNPs from 921 predominantly bread wheat accessions and approximately 110K SNPs from about 400 wheat accessions representing all ploidy levels. To identify environmental factors associated with the loci, a genome–environment association (GEA) was also performed. The genome scans on both datasets identified a highly differentiated region on chromosome 4A where accessions in the first dataset were dichotomized into a group (n = 691), comprising nearly all cultivars, wild emmer, and most landraces, and a second group (n = 230), dominated by landraces and spelt accessions. The grouping of cultivars is likely linked to their potential ancestor, bread wheat cv. Norin-10. The 4A region harbored important genes involved in adaptations to environmental conditions. The GEA detected loci associated with latitude and temperature. The genetic signatures detected in this study provide insight into the historical selection and hybridization events in the wheat genome that shaped its current genetic structure and facilitated its success in a wide spectrum of environmental conditions. The genome scans and GEA approaches applied in this study can help in screening the germplasm housed in gene banks for breeding, and for conservation purposes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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12 pages, 3573 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5 on Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and the Development of Promising Lines in Winter Wheat

by Xuran Dai, Yiwen Huang, Xinhui Xue, Shuo Yu, Teng Li, Hongwei Liu, Li Yang, Yang Zhou, Hongjie Li and Hongjun Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15047; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315047 - 30 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1643

Abstract

The development of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant winter wheat cultivars using the gene Fhb1 has been conducted in northern China. Sumai 3, a Chinese FHB-resistant spring wheat cultivar, carries three FHB resistance genes: Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5. To better use these [...] Read more.

The development of Fusarium head blight (FHB)-resistant winter wheat cultivars using the gene Fhb1 has been conducted in northern China. Sumai 3, a Chinese FHB-resistant spring wheat cultivar, carries three FHB resistance genes: Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5. To better use these genes for increasing FHB resistance in northern China, it is necessary to elucidate the pyramiding effects of Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5 in winter wheat backgrounds. Eight gene combinations involving Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5 were identified in a double haploid (DH) population, and the effects on FHB resistance were evaluated in six tests. At the single gene level, Fhb1 was more efficient than the other two genes in single-floret inoculation tests, whereas Fhb5 showed better resistance than Fhb1 and Fhb2 under a natural infection test. Pyramiding Fhb1, Fhb2 and Fhb5 showed better FHB resistance than the other gene combinations. Forty-nine DH lines showing consistently better resistance than the moderately susceptible control Huaimai 20 in multiple tests were evaluated for main agronomic traits, and no difference in grain yield was found between the mean values of DH lines and the recipient parents Lunxuan 136 and Lunxuan 6, which are higher than those of recipient parent Zhoumai 16 and the donor parent Sumai 3 (p < 0.05). Based on the phenotypic and genomic composition analyses, five promising DH lines fully combined the FHB resistance of donor Sumai 3 and the elite agronomic traits from the recipient parents. This study elucidates the pyramiding effects of three FHB resistance genes and that the promising DH lines with resistance to FHB can be directly applied in wheat production or as parents in winter wheat breeding programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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17 pages, 4534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pseudorogneria libanotica Intraspecific Genetic Polymorphism Revealed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Newly Identified Tandem Repeats and Wheat Single-Copy Gene Probes

by Dandan Wu, Namei Yang, Qian Xiang, Mingkun Zhu, Zhongyan Fang, Wen Zheng, Jiale Lu, Lina Sha, Xing Fan, Yiran Cheng, Yi Wang, Houyang Kang, Haiqin Zhang and Yonghong Zhou

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314818 - 26 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1495

Abstract

The genus Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Löve (Triticeae, Poaceae) with its genome abbreviated ‘St’ accounts for more than 60% of perennial Triticeae species. The diploid species Psudoroegneria libanotica (2n = 14) contains the most ancient St genome. Therefore, investigating its chromosomes could provide some fundamental [...] Read more.

The genus Pseudoroegneria (Nevski) Löve (Triticeae, Poaceae) with its genome abbreviated ‘St’ accounts for more than 60% of perennial Triticeae species. The diploid species Psudoroegneria libanotica (2n = 14) contains the most ancient St genome. Therefore, investigating its chromosomes could provide some fundamental information required for subsequent studies of St genome evolution. Here, 24 wheat cDNA probes covering seven chromosome groups were mapped in P. libanotica to distinguish homoelogous chromosomes, and newly identified tandem repeats were performed to differentiate seven chromosome pairs. Using these probes, we investigated intraspecific population chromosomal polymorphism of P. libanotica. We found that (i) a duplicated fragment of the 5St long arm was inserted into the short arm of 2St; (ii) asymmetrical fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) hybridization signals among 2St, 5St, and 7St homologous chromosome pairs; and (iii) intraspecific population of polymorphism in P. libanotica. These observations established the integrated molecular karyotype of P. libanotica. Moreover, we suggested heterozygosity due to outcrossing habit and adaptation to the local climate of P. libanotica. Specifically, the generated STlib_96 and STlib_98 repeats showed no cross-hybridization signals with wheat chromosomes, suggesting that they are valuable for identifying alien chromosomes or introgressed fragments of wild relatives in wheat. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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29 pages, 6352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Glu-D1 Alleles and Novel Marker–Trait Associations for Flour Quality and Grain Yield Traits under Heat-Stress Environments in Wheat Lines Derived from Diverse Accessions of Aegilops tauschii

by Ikram Elsadig Suliman Mohamed, Nasrein Mohamed Kamal, Hala Mohamed Mustafa, Modather Galal Abdeldaim Abdalla, Ashraf. M. A. Elhashimi, Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi, Izzat Sidahmed Ali Tahir, Hisashi Tsujimoto and Hiroyuki Tanaka

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 12034; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231912034 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1638

Abstract

Heat stress during grain filling is considered one of the major abiotic factors influencing wheat grain yield and quality in arid and semi-arid regions. We studied the effect of heat stress on flour quality and grain yield at moderate and continuous heat stress [...] Read more.

Heat stress during grain filling is considered one of the major abiotic factors influencing wheat grain yield and quality in arid and semi-arid regions. We studied the effect of heat stress on flour quality and grain yield at moderate and continuous heat stress under natural field conditions using 147 lines of wheat multiple synthetic derivatives (MSD) containing Aegilops tauschii introgressions. The study aimed to identify the marker–trait associations (MTAs) for the quality traits and grain yield under heat-stress conditions and identify stress-resilient germplasm-combining traits for good flour quality and grain yield. The MSD lines showed considerable genetic variation for quality traits and grain yield under heat-stress conditions; some lines performed better than the recurrent parent, Norin 61. We identified two MSD lines that consistently maintained relative performance (RP) values above 100% for grain yield and dough strength. We found the presence of three high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) at the Glu-D1 locus derived from Ae. tauschii, which were associated with stable dough strength across the four environments used in this study. These HMW-GSs could be potentially useful in applications for future improvements of end-use quality traits targeting wheat under severe heat stress. A total of 19,155 high-quality SNP markers were used for the genome-wide association analysis and 251 MTAs were identified, most of them on the D genome, confirming the power of the MSD panel as a platform for mining and exploring the genes of Ae. tauschii. We identified the MTAs for dough strength under heat stress, which simultaneously control grain yield and relative performance for dough strength under heat-stress/optimum conditions. This study proved that Ae. tauschii is an inexhaustible resource for genetic mining, and the identified lines and pleiotropic MTAs reported in this study are considered a good resource for the development of resilient wheat cultivars that combine both good flour quality and grain yield under stress conditions using marker-assisted selection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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15 pages, 2531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genome-Wide Survey and Functional Verification of the NAC Transcription Factor Family in Wild Emmer Wheat

by Fangyi Gong, Tian Zhang, Zhe Wang, Tiangang Qi, Yusen Lu, Yuhang Liu, Shuhong Zhao, Ruiqing Liu, Rui Yi, Jingshu He, Bin Tu, Tao Zhang, Lianquan Zhang, Ming Hao, Youliang Zheng, Dengcai Liu, Lin Huang and Bihua Wu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11598; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911598 - 30 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1532

Abstract

The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families in plants, which has been widely reported in rice, maize and common wheat. However, the significance of the NAC TF family in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides [...] Read more.

The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families in plants, which has been widely reported in rice, maize and common wheat. However, the significance of the NAC TF family in wild emmer wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is not yet well understood. In this study, a genome-wide investigation of NAC genes was conducted in the wild emmer genome and 249 NAC family members (TdNACs) were identified. The results showed that all of these genes contained NAM/NAC-conserved domains and most of them were predicted to be located on the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 249 TdNACs can be classified into seven clades, which are likely to be involved in the regulation of grain protein content, starch synthesis and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Expression pattern analysis revealed that TdNACs were highly expressed in different wheat tissues such as grain, root, leaves and shoots. We found that TdNAC8470 was phylogenetically close to NAC genes that regulate either grain protein or starch accumulation. Overexpression of TdNAC8470 in rice showed increased grain starch concentration but decreased grain Fe, Zn and Mn contents compared with wild-type plants. Protein interaction analysis indicated that TdNAC8470 might interact with granule-bound starch synthase 1 (TdGBSS1) to regulate grain starch accumulation. Our work provides a comprehensive understanding of the NAC TFs family in wild emmer wheat and establishes the way for future functional analysis and genetic improvement of increasing grain starch content in wheat. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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12 pages, 2436 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The TaWRKY22–TaCOPT3D Pathway Governs Cadmium Uptake in Wheat

by Xiaojuan Liu, Hongcheng Wang, Fang He, Xuye Du, Mingjian Ren and Yinguang Bao

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(18), 10379; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810379 - 08 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1419

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal nonessential for plants; this toxic metal accumulation in crops has significant adverse effects on human health. The crosstalk between copper (Cu) and Cd has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study investigated the [...] Read more.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal nonessential for plants; this toxic metal accumulation in crops has significant adverse effects on human health. The crosstalk between copper (Cu) and Cd has been reported; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The present study investigated the function of wheat Cu transporter 3D (TaCOPT3D) in Cd tolerance. The TaCOPT3D transcripts significantly accumulated in wheat roots under Cd stress. Furthermore, TaCOPT3D-overexpressing lines were compared to wildtype (WT) plants to test the role of TaCOPT3D in Cd stress response. Under 20 mM Cd treatment, TaCOPT3D-overexpressing lines exhibited more biomass and lower root, shoot, and grain Cd accumulation than the WT plants. In addition, overexpression of TaCOPT3D decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased the active antioxidant enzymes under Cd conditions. Moreover, the transcription factor (TF) TaWRKY22, which targeted the TaCOPT3D promoter, was identified in the regulatory pathway of TaCOPT3D under Cd stress. Taken together, these results show that TaCOPT3D plays an important role in regulating plant adaptation to cadmium stress through bound by TaWRKY22. These findings suggest that TaCOPT3D is a potential candidate for decreasing Cd accumulation in wheat through genetic engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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15 pages, 3136 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping QTL for Adult-Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in a Chinese Wheat Landrace

by Yunlong Pang, Chunxia Liu, Meng Lin, Fei Ni, Wenhui Li, Jin Cai, Ziliang Zhang, Huaqiang Zhu, Jingxian Liu, Jiajie Wu, Guihua Bai and Shubing Liu

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9662; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179662 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1957

Abstract

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population [...] Read more.

Wheat stripe (yellow) rust is a worldwide disease that seriously reduces wheat grain yield and quality. Adult-plant resistance (APR) to stripe rust is generally more durable but usually controlled by multiple genes with partial resistance. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross between a Chinese wheat landrace, Tutoumai, with APR to stripe rust, and a highly susceptible wheat cultivar, Siyang 936. The population was genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing and phenotyped for APR to stripe rust in four consecutive field experiments. Three QTLs, QYr.sdau-1BL, QYr.sdau-5BL, and QYr.sdau-6BL, were identified for APR to stripe rust, and explained 8.0–21.2%, 10.1–22.7%, and 11.6–18.0% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. QYr.sdau-1BL was further mapped to a 21.6 Mb region using KASP markers derived from SNPs identified by RNA-seq of the two parents. In the QYr.sdau-1BL region, 13 disease-resistance-related genes were differently expressed between the two parents, and therefore were considered as the putative candidates of QYr.sdau-1BL. This study provides favorable gene/QTL and high-throughput markers to breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of the wheat stripe rust APR genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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22 pages, 8922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses of the Effects of Exogenous Trehalose on Heat Tolerance in Wheat

by Yin Luo, Yue Wang, Yanyang Xie, Yamin Gao, Weiqiang Li and Shuping Lang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095194 - 06 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2121

Abstract

Trehalose can improve the tolerance of plants to various types of environmental stress. Nonetheless, information respecting the molecular networks of wheat seedlings to exogenous trehalose under heat stress is limited. Here, two wheat varieties pretreated with exogenous trehalose were selected to explore the [...] Read more.

Trehalose can improve the tolerance of plants to various types of environmental stress. Nonetheless, information respecting the molecular networks of wheat seedlings to exogenous trehalose under heat stress is limited. Here, two wheat varieties pretreated with exogenous trehalose were selected to explore the molecular mechanism by which trehalose improves the heat tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results indicated that exogenous trehalose improved the physiological state of wheat seedlings under heat stress. Through RNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis, the genes and metabolites specifically expressed in trehalose pretreatment were identified. After heat stress, there were 18,352 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the control and trehalose-treated (H_vs_TreH) groups of Yangmai 18 and 9045 DEGs in Yannong 19. Functional annotation and enrichment analyses showed that the DEGs in the two wheat varieties were mainly involved in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Through a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform, 183 differential metabolites in H_vs_TreH groups of Yangmai 18 and 77 differential metabolites in Yannong 19 were identified. Compared with the control group, many protective metabolites, such as amino acids, purines, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, showed significant differences under heat stress. The results indicated that exogenous trehalose protected the wheat biomembrane system, enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction, strengthened the activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), regulated purine metabolism, gene expression and metabolite accumulation in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, thus improving the heat tolerance of wheat. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Breeding and Genetics of Wheat Crops)

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