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The Plant Cell Walls and Their Impact on Plant Physiology
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The Plant Cell Walls and Their Impact on Plant Physiology (Closed)

A topical collection in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This collection belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

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Editor

Prof. Dr. Christophe Dunand

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UPS, UMR 5546, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
Interests: plant; developement; evolution; terestrialisation; cell wall; peroxidase; reactive oxygen species
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

The plant cell wall is an extracellular compartment surrounding cells that play critical roles in plant life like providing an external skeleton, protection against external clues, or a means for cell-to-cell communication. It is a composite structure comprising polymers like polysaccharides (cellulose, pectins, and hemicelluloses), lignin in lignified secondary walls, cell wall proteins, and ions. The pectins and hemicelluloses are two polysaccharide families that contain a large collection of molecules differing by their content in monosaccharides and the type of linkages between them. Since the plant body contains different cell types, the structure and the composition of their walls are diverse, thus, allowing them to fulfill their functions and to respond to environmental constraints. Moreover, the composition of the plant cell wall varies, depending on the plant family and this is well illustrated by the differences between the walls of Poaceae and those of dicotyledonous plants. Altogether, each cell is surrounded by a specific wall that biogenesis requires a whole cascade of finely-tuned regulatory mechanisms, from the regulation of the transcription of the genes encoding the biosynthesis of the elementary bricks to the regulation of the assembly of the supramolecular structure and the modifications of the cell wall architecture during growth and upon interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment.

This Topical Collection of IJMS will gather articles dealing with plant cell wall biology. It will welcome experimental articles, review articles, or commentaries.

Prof. Dr. Christophe Dunand
Collection Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Adaptation to environmental constraints
  • Alga
  • Cell wall
  • Cell wall architecture
  • Cell wall polysaccharides
  • Evolution
  • Plant
  • Polysaccharide biosynthesis
  • Primary wall
  • Protein/polysaccharide interactions
  • Proteomics
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Secondary wall
  • Signaling
  • Systems biology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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2023

Jump to: 2022, 2020

25 pages, 9403 KiB  
Article
Mixed-Linkage Glucan Is the Main Carbohydrate Source and Starch Is an Alternative Source during Brachypodium Grain Germination
by Mathilde Francin-Allami, Axelle Bouder, Audrey Geairon, Camille Alvarado, Lucie Le-Bot, Sylviane Daniel, Mingqin Shao, Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco, John P. Vogel, Fabienne Guillon, Estelle Bonnin, Luc Saulnier and Richard Sibout
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6821; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076821 - 06 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
Seeds of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon are unusual because they contain very little starch and high levels of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) accumulated in thick cell walls. It was suggested that MLG might supplement starch as a storage carbohydrate and may be mobilised [...] Read more.
Seeds of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon are unusual because they contain very little starch and high levels of mixed-linkage glucan (MLG) accumulated in thick cell walls. It was suggested that MLG might supplement starch as a storage carbohydrate and may be mobilised during germination. In this work, we observed massive degradation of MLG during germination in both endosperm and nucellar epidermis. The enzymes responsible for the MLG degradation were identified in germinated grains and characterized using heterologous expression. By using mutants targeting MLG biosynthesis genes, we showed that the expression level of genes coding for MLG and starch-degrading enzymes was modified in the germinated grains of knocked-out cslf6 mutants depleted in MLG but with higher starch content. Our results suggest a substrate-dependent regulation of the storage sugars during germination. These overall results demonstrated the function of MLG as the main carbohydrate source during germination of Brachypodium grain. More astonishingly, cslf6 Brachypodium mutants are able to adapt their metabolism to the lack of MLG by modifying the energy source for germination and the expression of genes dedicated for its use. Full article
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2022

Jump to: 2023, 2020

21 pages, 6861 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Air Space-Type Variegation Formation in Trifolium pratense
by Jianhang Zhang, Jiecheng Li, Lu Zou and Hongqing Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147794 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Air space-type variegation is the most diverse among the species of known variegated leaf plants and is caused by conspicuous intercellular spaces between the epidermal and palisade cells and among the palisade cells at non-green areas. Trifolium pratense, a species in Fabaceae [...] Read more.
Air space-type variegation is the most diverse among the species of known variegated leaf plants and is caused by conspicuous intercellular spaces between the epidermal and palisade cells and among the palisade cells at non-green areas. Trifolium pratense, a species in Fabaceae with V-shaped air space-type variegation, was selected to explore the application potential of variegated leaf plants and accumulate basic data on the molecular regulatory mechanism and evolutionary history of leaf variegation. We performed comparative transcriptome analysis on young and adult leaflets of variegated and green plants and identified 43 candidate genes related to air space-type variegation formation. Most of the genes were related to cell-wall structure modification (CESA, CSL, EXP, FLA, PG, PGIP, PLL, PME, RGP, SKS, and XTH family genes), followed by photosynthesis (LHCB subfamily, RBCS, GOX, and AGT family genes), redox (2OG and GSH family genes), and nitrogen metabolism (NodGS family genes). Other genes were related to photooxidation, protein interaction, and protease degradation systems. The downregulated expression of light-responsive LHCB subfamily genes and the upregulated expression of the genes involved in cell-wall structure modification were important conditions for air space-type variegation formation in T. pratense. The upregulated expression of the ubiquitin-protein ligase enzyme (E3)-related genes in the protease degradation systems were conducive to air space-type variegation formation. Because these family genes are necessary for plant growth and development, the mechanism of the leaf variegation formation in T. pratense might be a widely existing regulation in air space-type variegation in nature. Full article
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22 pages, 3375 KiB  
Article
Characterization and Interaction Analysis of the Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis-Related Transcription Factor PmMYB7 in Pinus massoniana Lamb.
by Peizhen Chen, Rong Li, Lingzhi Zhu, Qingqing Hao, Sheng Yao, Jiahe Liu and Kongshu Ji
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 2079; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042079 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
In vascular plants, the importance of R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) transcription factors (TFs) in the formation of secondary cell walls (SCWs) has long been a controversial topic due to the lack of empirical evidence of an association between TFs and downstream target genes. Here, we [...] Read more.
In vascular plants, the importance of R2R3-myeloblastosis (R2R3-MYB) transcription factors (TFs) in the formation of secondary cell walls (SCWs) has long been a controversial topic due to the lack of empirical evidence of an association between TFs and downstream target genes. Here, we found that the transcription factor PmMYB7, which belongs to the R2R3-MYB subfamily, is involved in lignin biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana. PmMYB7 was highly expressed in lignified tissues and upon abiotic stress. As a bait carrier, the PmMYB7 protein had no toxicity or autoactivation in the nucleus. Forty-seven proteins were screened from the P. massoniana yeast library. These proteins were predicted to be mainly involved in resistance, abiotic stress, cell wall biosynthesis, and cell development. We found that the PmMYB7 protein interacted with caffeoyl CoA 3-O-methyltransferase-2 (PmCCoAOMT2)—which is involved in lignin biosynthesis—but not with beta-1, 2-xylosyltransferase (PmXYXT1) yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) studies. Our in vivo coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay further showed that the PmMYB7 and PmCCoAOMT2 proteins could interact. Therefore, we concluded that PmMYB7 is an upstream TF that can interact with PmCCoAOMT2 in plant cells. These findings lay a foundation for further research on the function of PmMYB7, lignin biosynthesis and molecular breeding in P. massoniana. Full article
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2020

Jump to: 2023, 2022

19 pages, 3597 KiB  
Article
The Class III Peroxidase Encoding Gene AtPrx62 Positively and Spatiotemporally Regulates the Low pH-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots
by Jonathas Pereira Graças, Philippe Ranocha, Victor Alexandre Vitorello, Bruno Savelli, Elisabeth Jamet, Christophe Dunand and Vincent Burlat
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(19), 7191; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197191 - 29 Sep 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2721
Abstract
Exogenous low pH stress causes cell death in root cells, limiting root development, and agricultural production. Different lines of evidence suggested a relationship with cell wall (CW) remodeling players. We investigated whether class III peroxidase (CIII Prx) total activity, CIII Prx candidate gene [...] Read more.
Exogenous low pH stress causes cell death in root cells, limiting root development, and agricultural production. Different lines of evidence suggested a relationship with cell wall (CW) remodeling players. We investigated whether class III peroxidase (CIII Prx) total activity, CIII Prx candidate gene expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) could modify CW structure during low pH-induced cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Wild-type roots displayed a good spatio-temporal correlation between the low pH-induced cell death and total CIII Prx activity in the early elongation (EZs), transition (TZs), and meristematic (MZs) zones. In situ mRNA hybridization showed that AtPrx62 transcripts accumulated only in roots treated at pH 4.6 in the same zones where cell death was induced. Furthermore, roots of the atprx62-1 knockout mutant showed decreased cell mortality under low pH compared to wild-type roots. Among the ROS, there was a drastic decrease in O2●− levels in the MZs of wild-type and atprx62-1 roots upon low pH stress. Together, our data demonstrate that AtPrx62 expression is induced by low pH and that the produced protein could positively regulate cell death. Whether the decrease in O2●− level is related to cell death induced upon low pH treatment remains to be elucidated. Full article
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