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Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 17472

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman

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Guest Editor
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Interests: antioxidants; abiotic stress tolerance; plant metabolites; ROS signaling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Masayuki Fujita

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
Interests: plant stress physiology; plant biochemistry; abiotic stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Soil salinity is a common problem in different coastal areas around the world, and over 6% of the land area in the world is salt-affected. Soil salinity is expected to affect the world more vigorously and extensively in the coming years. Salinity exerts both ionic and osmotic stress in plants. Salinity is the most severe factor affecting the growth of plants, and most plants do not fully express their original genetic potential for growth, development, and yield under salt stress, which results in declining economic and commercial value. Due to climate change, the area under salinity stress has been increasing day by day. Therefore, exploring the ways to enhance salt tolerance in plants is one of the vital tasks for plant biologists. Understanding plant physiology and molecular biology and tailoring the traits associated with plant salt tolerance can enhance plant productivity under saline conditions. The study of salt uptake mechanisms, including ion channels and the transporters involved therein, is a new avenue for research. Exploring the genetic potential of halophytes is also a potential scope for biosaline agriculture. In this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, we aim to publish high-quality research articles and reviews on the understanding of plant responses and tolerance to salt stress.

Prof. Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Prof. Dr. Masayuki Fujita
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • salinity
  • salt stress
  • oxidative stress
  • osmotic stress
  • ionic toxicity
  • ion homeostasis
  • halophytes
  • osmolytes
  • biosaline agriculture

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 178 KiB  
Editorial
Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0
by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and Masayuki Fujita
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115740 - 30 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 664
Abstract
Environmental problems are pervasive and significantly impact a variety of plant species, which are affected by two broad types of conditions: abiotic and biotic stress [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)

Research

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28 pages, 8958 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveals Salt-Tolerance Pathways in the Leaves and Roots of ZM-4 (Malus zumi) in the Early Stages of Salt Stress
by Dajiang Wang, Kun Wang, Simiao Sun, Peng Yan, Xiang Lu, Zhao Liu, Qingshan Li, Lianwen Li, Yuan Gao and Jihong Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043638 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1627
Abstract
The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated [...] Read more.
The breeding of salt-tolerant rootstock relies heavily on the availability of salt-tolerant Malus germplasm resources. The first step in developing salt-tolerant resources is to learn their molecular and metabolic underpinnings. Hydroponic seedlings of both ZM-4 (salt-tolerant resource) and M9T337 (salt-sensitive rootstock) were treated with a solution of 75 mM salinity. ZM-4’s fresh weight increased, then decreased, and then increased again after being treated with NaCl, whereas M9T337′s fresh weight continued to decrease. The results of transcriptome and metabolome after 0 h (CK) and 24 h of NaCl treatment showed that the leaves of ZM-4 had a higher content of flavonoids (phloretinm, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, epiafzelechin, etc.) and the genes (CHI, CYP, FLS, LAR, and ANR) related to the flavonoid synthesis pathway showed up-regulation, suggesting a high antioxidant capacity. In addition to the high polyphenol content (L-phenylalanine, 5-O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid) and the high related gene expression (4CLL9 and SAT), the roots of ZM-4 exhibited a high osmotic adjustment ability. Under normal growing conditions, the roots of ZM-4 contained a higher content of some amino acids (L-proline, tran-4-hydroxy-L-prolin, L-glutamine, etc.) and sugars (D−fructose 6−phosphate, D−glucose 6−phosphate, etc.), and the genes (GLT1, BAM7, INV1, etc.) related to these two pathways were highly expressed. Furthermore, some amino acids (S-(methyl) glutathione, N-methyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, etc.) and sugars (D-sucrose, maltotriose, etc.) increased and genes (ALD1, BCAT1, AMY1.1, etc.) related to the pathways showed up-regulation under salt stress. This research provided theoretical support for the application of breeding salt-tolerant rootstocks by elucidating the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of salt tolerance during the early stages of salt treatment for ZM-4. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)
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17 pages, 3040 KiB  
Article
Mapping QTLs for Reproductive Stage Salinity Tolerance in Rice Using a Cross between Hasawi and BRRI dhan28
by Sejuti Mondal, Endang M. Septiningsih, Rakesh K. Singh and Michael J. Thomson
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11376; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911376 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major constraint to rice production in many coastal regions due to saline groundwater and river sources, especially during the dry season in coastal areas when seawater intrudes further inland due to reduced river flows. Since salinity tolerance is a [...] Read more.
Salinity stress is a major constraint to rice production in many coastal regions due to saline groundwater and river sources, especially during the dry season in coastal areas when seawater intrudes further inland due to reduced river flows. Since salinity tolerance is a complex trait, breeding efforts can be assisted by mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for complementary salt tolerance mechanisms, which can then be combined to provide higher levels of tolerance. While an abundance of seedling stage salinity tolerance QTLs have been mapped, few studies have investigated reproductive stage tolerance in rice due to the difficulty of achieving reliable stage-specific phenotyping techniques. In the current study, a BC1F2 mapping population consisting of 435 individuals derived from a cross between a salt-tolerant Saudi Arabian variety, Hasawi, and a salt-sensitive Bangladeshi variety, BRRI dhan28, was evaluated for yield components after exposure to EC 10 dS/m salinity stress during the reproductive stage. After selecting tolerant and sensitive progeny, 190 individuals were genotyped by skim sequencing, resulting in 6209 high quality single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. Subsequently, a total of 40 QTLs were identified, of which 24 were for key traits, including productive tillers, number and percent filled spikelets, and grain yield under stress. Importantly, three yield-related QTLs, one each for productive tillers (qPT3.1), number of filled spikelets (qNFS3.1) and grain yield (qGY3.1) under salinity stress, were mapped at the same position (6.7 Mb or 26.1 cM) on chromosome 3, which had not previously been associated with grain yield under salinity stress. These QTLs can be investigated further to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive stage salinity tolerance in rice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)
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23 pages, 2800 KiB  
Article
Effects of Salt Stress on Transcriptional and Physiological Responses in Barley Leaves with Contrasting Salt Tolerance
by Rim Nefissi Ouertani, Dhivya Arasappan, Tracey A. Ruhlman, Mariem Ben Chikha, Ghassen Abid, Samiha Mejri, Abdelwahed Ghorbel and Robert K. Jansen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095006 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2355
Abstract
Salt stress negatively impacts crop production worldwide. Genetic diversity among barley (Hordeum vulgare) landraces adapted to adverse conditions should provide a valuable reservoir of tolerance genes for breeding programs. To identify molecular and biochemical differences between barley genotypes, transcriptomic and antioxidant [...] Read more.
Salt stress negatively impacts crop production worldwide. Genetic diversity among barley (Hordeum vulgare) landraces adapted to adverse conditions should provide a valuable reservoir of tolerance genes for breeding programs. To identify molecular and biochemical differences between barley genotypes, transcriptomic and antioxidant enzyme profiles along with several morpho-physiological features were compared between salt-tolerant (Boulifa) and salt-sensitive (Testour) genotypes subjected to salt stress. Decreases in biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and relative water content were low in Boulifa compared to Testour. Boulifa had better antioxidant protection against salt stress than Testour, with greater antioxidant enzymes activities including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and guaiacol peroxidase. Transcriptome assembly for both genotypes revealed greater accumulation of differentially expressed transcripts in Testour compared to Boulifa, emphasizing the elevated transcriptional response in Testour following salt exposure. Various salt-responsive genes, including the antioxidant catalase 3, the osmoprotectant betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and the transcription factors MYB20 and MYB41, were induced only in Boulifa. By contrast, several genes associated with photosystems I and II, and light receptor chlorophylls A and B, were more repressed in Testour. Co-expression network analysis identified specific gene modules correlating with differences in genotypes and morpho-physiological traits. Overall, salinity-induced differential transcript accumulation underlies the differential morpho-physiological response in both genotypes and could be important for breeding salt tolerance in barley. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)
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Review

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20 pages, 788 KiB  
Review
Integrated Multi-Omics Perspective to Strengthen the Understanding of Salt Tolerance in Rice
by Liping Dai, Peiyuan Li, Qing Li, Yujia Leng, Dali Zeng and Qian Qian
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5236; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095236 - 07 May 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major constraints to rice cultivation worldwide. Thus, the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars becomes a hotspot of current rice breeding. Achieving this goal depends in part on understanding how rice responds to salt stress and uncovering the [...] Read more.
Salt stress is one of the major constraints to rice cultivation worldwide. Thus, the development of salt-tolerant rice cultivars becomes a hotspot of current rice breeding. Achieving this goal depends in part on understanding how rice responds to salt stress and uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying this trait. Over the past decade, great efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in rice through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenetics. However, there are few reviews on this aspect. Therefore, we review the research progress of omics related to salt tolerance in rice and discuss how these advances will promote the innovations of salt-tolerant rice breeding. In the future, we expect that the integration of multi-omics salt tolerance data can accelerate the solution of the response mechanism of rice to salt stress, and lay a molecular foundation for precise breeding of salt tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)
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31 pages, 15004 KiB  
Review
Mechanistic Insights of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants for Sustainable Agriculture
by Anmol Gupta, Richa Mishra, Smita Rai, Ambreen Bano, Neelam Pathak, Masayuki Fujita, Manoj Kumar and Mirza Hasanuzzaman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3741; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073741 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 6542
Abstract
Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis, plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting the crop loss (20–50%) and making them vulnerable in terms of survival. These stresses lead to the [...] Read more.
Climate change has devastating effects on plant growth and yield. During ontogenesis, plants are subjected to a variety of abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity, affecting the crop loss (20–50%) and making them vulnerable in terms of survival. These stresses lead to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage nucleic acid, proteins, and lipids. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have remarkable capabilities in combating drought and salinity stress and improving plant growth, which enhances the crop productivity and contributes to food security. PGPB inoculation under abiotic stresses promotes plant growth through several modes of actions, such as the production of phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase, exopolysaccharide, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, extracellular polymeric substances, volatile organic compounds, modulate antioxidants defense machinery, and abscisic acid, thereby preventing oxidative stress. These bacteria also provide osmotic balance; maintain ion homeostasis; and induce drought and salt-responsive genes, metabolic reprogramming, provide transcriptional changes in ion transporter genes, etc. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the effects of PGPB on drought and salinity stress to mitigate its detrimental effects. Furthermore, we also discuss the mechanistic insights of PGPB towards drought and salinity stress tolerance for sustainable agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions 2.0)
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