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Special Issue "Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0"

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 November 2023 | Viewed by 3086

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Dr. Deyong Ren

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State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
Interests: molecular genetics; crop breeding; gene cloning; genome editing; abiotic stress tolerance
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Dear Colleagues,

Bread is an integral food source for people all over the world, and ensuring food security and successful agricultural production is a major issue related to economic development and social stability. With the increasing global population, climate warming, environmental pollution, and farmland degradation, global food production must increase by 70% by 2050 to ensure food supply. Germplasm resources are the "chips" that ensure the security of food production. However, their key problem concerns excavating and innovating gene and germplasm resources and breaking through the limitations of conventional breeding by using biological frontier technology for accurate and efficient breeding. In view of the urgent problems regarding yield and quality, the large-scale cracking of genetic code, exploring functional genes with important breeding value, and the in-depth analyses of their molecular regulatory networks are of great significance for breeding new varieties for the rapid aggregation of excellent alleles.

Dr. Deyong Ren
Guest Editor

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Keywords

molecular genetics and breeding
cell biology
genetic resource innovation
gene cloning
genome editing
abiotic stress tolerance

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance in TGMS Line HD9802S through Optimized Anther Culture and Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914446 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 217

Abstract

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious rice diseases worldwide. The early indica rice thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line HD9802S has the characteristics of stable fertility, reproducibility, a high outcrossing rate, excellent rice quality, and strong combining ability. However, this line exhibits poor blast resistance and is highly susceptible to leaf and neck blasts. In this study, backcross introduction, molecular marker-assisted selection, gene chipping, anther culture, and resistance identification in the field were used to introduce the broad-spectrum blast-resistance gene R6 into HD9802S to improve its rice blast resistance. Six induction media were prepared by varying the content of each component in the culture medium. Murashige and Skoog’s medium with 3 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, and 1 mg/L kinetin and N6 medium with 800 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 600 mg/L proline, and 500 mg/L glutamine could improve the callus induction rate and have a higher green seedling rate and a lower white seedling rate. Compared to HD9802S, two doubled haploid lines containing R6 with stable fertility showed significantly enhanced resistance to rice blast and no significant difference in spikelet number per panicle, 1000-grain weight, or grain shape. Our findings highlight a rapid and effective method for improving rice blast resistance in TGMS lines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Combining Ability Analysis of Yield-Related Traits of Two Elite Rice Restorer Lines in Chinese Hybrid Rice

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12395; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512395 - 03 Aug 2023

Viewed by 455

Abstract

Hybrid rice breeding is an important strategy for enhancing grain yield. Breeding high-performance parental lines and identifying combining abilities is a top priority for hybrid breeding. Yuenongsimiao (YNSM) and its derivative variety Yuehesimiao (YHSM) are elite restorer lines with a high ability of fertility restoration, from which 67 derived hybrid combinations have been authorized to different degrees in more than 110 instances in China. In this study, we found that YNSM and YHSM contained three candidate restorer-of-fertility (Rf) genes, Rf3, Rf4, and Rf5/Rf1a, that might confer their restoration ability. Subsequently, we investigated heterosis and combining ability of YNSM and YHSM using 50 F₁ hybrids from a 5 × 10 incomplete diallelic mating design. Our results indicated that hybrid combinations exhibited significant genetic differences, and the additive effects of the parental genes played a preponderant role in the inheritance of observed traits. The metrics of plant height (PH), 1000-grain weight (TGW), panicle length (PL), and the number of spikelets per panicle (NSP) were mainly affected by genetic inheritance with higher heritability. Notably, the general combining ability (GCA) of YHSM exhibited the largest positive effect on the number of grains per panicle (NGP), NSP, PL, and TGW. Thus, YHSM had the largest GCA effect on yield per plant (YPP). In addition, the GCA of YNSM exhibited a positive impact on YPP, mainly due to the critical contribution of seed setting percentage (SSP). Moreover, YNSM and YHSM exhibited negative GCA effects on PH, implying that YNSM and YHSM could effectively enhance plant lodging resistance by reducing the plant height of the derived hybrids. Remarkably, among the hybrids, Yuanxiang A/YNSM (YXA/YNSM), Shen 08S/Yuemeizhan (S08S/YMZ), and Quan 9311A/YHSM (Q9311A/YHSM) represent promising new combinations with a higher specific combining ability (SCA) effect value on YPP with a value more than 3.50. Our research thus highlights the promising application for the rational utilization of YNSM and YHSM in hybrid rice breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Transcriptome Analyses Show Changes in Gene Expression Triggered by a 31-bp InDel within OsSUT3 5′UTR in Rice Panicle

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10640; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310640 - 26 Jun 2023

Viewed by 494

Abstract

Pollen development and its fertility are obligatory conditions for the reproductive success of flowing plants. Sucrose transporter 3 (OsSUT3) is known to be preferentially expressed and may play critical role in developing pollen. A 31-bp InDel was identified as a unique variation and was shown to be responsible for the expression of downstream gene in our previous study. In this study, to analyze the changes of gene expression triggered by 31-bp InDel during pollen development, two vectors (p385-In/Del::OsSUT3-GUS) were constructed and then stably introduced into rice. Histochemical and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of transgenic plants showed that 31-bp deletion drastically reduced the expressions of downstream genes, including both OsSUT3 and GUS in rice panicle at booting stage, especially that of OsSUT3. The transcriptome profile of two types of panicles at booting stage revealed a total of 1028 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 31-bp In and 31-bp Del transgenic plants. Further analyses showed that 397 of these genes were significantly enriched for the ‘metabolic process’ and ‘binding’. Among them, nineteen genes had a strong relationship with starch and sucrose metabolism and were identified as candidate genes potentially associated with the starch accumulation in rice pollen, which that was also verified via qRT-PCR. In summary, 31-bp InDel plays a crucial role not only in the regulation of downstream genes but in the expression of sucrose-starch metabolizing genes in multiple biological pathways, and provides a different regulation mechanism for sucrose metabolism in pollen. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Introducing MdTFL1 Promotes Heading Date and Produces Semi-Draft Phenotype in Rice

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(12), 10365; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210365 - 20 Jun 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 752

Abstract

Flowering time (in rice, termed the heading date), plant height, and grain number are crucial agronomic traits for rice productivity. The heading date is controlled via environmental factors (day length and temperature) and genetic factors (floral genes). TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) encodes a protein that controls meristem identity and participates in regulating flowering. In this study, a transgenic approach was used to promote the heading date in rice. We isolated and cloned apple MdTFL1 for early flowering in rice. Transgenic rice plants with antisense MdTFL1 showed an early heading date compared with wild-type plants. A gene expression analysis suggested that introducing MdTFL1 upregulated multiple endogenous floral meristem identity genes, including the (early) heading date gene family FLOWERING LOCUS T and MADS-box transcription factors, thereby shortening vegetable development. Antisense MdTFL1 also produced a wide range of phenotypic changes, including a change in overall plant organelles that affected an array of traits, especially grain productivity. The transgenic rice exhibited a semi-draft phenotype, increased leaf inclination angle, restricted flag leaf length, reduced spikelet fertility, and fewer grains per panicle. MdTFL1 plays a central role in regulating flowering and in various physiological aspects. These findings emphasize the role of TFL1 in regulating flowering in shortened breeding and expanding its function to produce plants with semi-draft phenotypes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Achieving High Expression of Cry in Green Tissues and Negligible Expression in Endosperm Simultaneously via rbcS Gene Fusion Strategy in Rice

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 9045; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109045 - 20 May 2023

Viewed by 644

Abstract

To allay excessive public concern about the safety of transgenic foods, and to optimize insect-resistant genes expression to delay the evolution of resistance in pests, we developed a promising strategy to fuse the GOI (gene of interest) with OsrbcS (rice small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) in transgenic rice, which acted as a carrier, driven by the OsrbcS native promoter to sequester its expression in green tissues. Using eYFP as a trial, we reported a high-level accumulation of eYFP in green tissue and almost none in the seed and root of the fused construct compared to the non-fused construct. After applying this fusion strategy in insect-resistant rice breeding, recombinant OsrbcS-Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac expressed rice plants conferred high resistance to leaffolders and striped stem borers, among which two single-copy lines possessed normal agronomic performance in the field. Specifically, Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac protein levels in single-copy construct transgenic lines ranged from 1.8 to 11.5 µg g⁻¹ in the leaf, higher than the Actin I promoter-driven control, T51-1, about 1.78 µg g⁻¹ in the leaf, but negligible (only 0.00012–0.00117 µg g⁻¹) in endosperm by ELISA analysis. Our study provided a novel approach to creating Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac-free endosperm rice with a high level of insect-resistant protein in green tissues through the simultaneous usage of the OsrbcS promoter and OsrbcS as a fusion partner. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rice Molecular Breeding and Genetics 2.0)

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