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The Role of Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacogenomic on the Influence of Drug Response

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 1664

Special Issue Editors

Pharmaceutical Department, Asl Napoli 3 SUD, Dell'Amicizia Street, 80035 Naples, Nola, Italy
Interests: drug; COVID-19; pharmacology; preclinical and clinical pharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Pharmaceutical Department, Unità Sanitaria Locale USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy
Interests: drug; COVID-19; pharmacology; preclinical and clinical pharmacology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Pharmacogenetics is the study of the genetic causes of individual variations in drug response, whereas pharmacogenomics deals with the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that may determine a patient's response to drug therapy. Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes influence a person's response to drugs. This field combines pharmacology and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective and safe drugs that can be prescribed based on a person's genetics by studying the simultaneous impact of multiple mutations in the genome that can determine a patient's response to drug therapy. 

The study of these methods in the drug development process can then identify subpopulations of patients with more effective responses and/or a better benefit/risk profile to drug treatment. Knowledge of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics is important to ensure the best benefit/risk ratio of drugs. In drug therapy administration, in fact, it can be difficult to predict who will derive therapeutic efficacy from a drug, who will not respond at all, and who will experience adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The field of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics is growing rapidly, and new approaches are being explored in clinical trials. Most often, these studies are concerned with pharmacokinetics (PK), that is, the factors that influence the drug concentration that will eventually reach the therapeutic target. Variation in drug response among individuals is due to genetic variation in enzymes that metabolize drugs.

In addition, genetic susceptibility to ADRs is an emerging issue, e.g., hemolytic anemia due to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, aplastic anemia, porphyria, malignant hyperthermia, long QT and Brugada syndrome. The role of genetic mutations in the pathogenesis of ADRs has been demonstrated for both dose-dependent and dose-independent reactions. A better understanding of genotype–phenotype relationships could lead to personalized medicine that can predict ADRs and, consequently, choose the appropriate drug and dosage for each patient to ensure maximum therapeutic efficacy. This Special Issue is supervised by Dr. Francesco Ferrara and Dr. Antonio Vitiello, with assistance from Dr. Andrea Zovi (Ministry of Health in Italy).

Dr. Francesco Ferrara
Dr. Antonio Vitiello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • pharmacogenetics
  • pharmacogenomic
  • drug response
  • ADR
  • efficacy
 

Published Papers (1 paper)

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8 pages, 258 KiB  
Brief Report
Pharmacological Agents with Antiviral Activity against Monkeypox Infection
by Andrea Zovi, Francesco Ferrara, Roberto Langella and Antonio Vitiello
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15941; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415941 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Monkeypox infection is caused by a virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, a member of the Poxviridae family. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from individual to individual through contact with lesions, body fluids, and respiratory droplets. The infection caused by monkeypox is usually a [...] Read more.
Monkeypox infection is caused by a virus of the genus Orthopoxvirus, a member of the Poxviridae family. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from individual to individual through contact with lesions, body fluids, and respiratory droplets. The infection caused by monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with mild symptoms lasting 2 to 4 weeks. Monkeypox typically presents with fever, rash, and enlarged lymph nodes. New vaccines have recently been authorized for the prevention of monkeypox infection, whereas there are no specific pharmacological antiviral treatments for monkeypox infection. However, because the viruses which cause adult smallpox and monkeypox are similar, antiviral drugs developed in the past have also shown efficacy against monkeypox. In this review, we highlight the in vitro and clinical evidence found in the literature on the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents with antiviral activity against monkeypox infection and the different regulatory aspects of countries. Full article
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