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Special Issue "Apolipoproteins and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease 2.0"

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2023 | Viewed by 2519

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joan Carles Escolà-Gil

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Guest Editor

1. Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques IIB Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
2. CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: atherosclerosis; cholesterol; genetically-modified mice; HDL; lipoproteins
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Dr. Noemí Rotllan

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Institut dInvestigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: atherosclerosis; miRNAs; lipid metabolism; therapeutic approaches
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to support and edit a new Special Issue for the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, entitled “Apolipoproteins and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease 2.0”. Although apolipoproteins were originally recognized as major determinants in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease, the multiple apolipoprotein and lipoprotein classes and subclasses have emerged as relevant participants in multiple biological processes and pathophysiological pathways involved in diabetes, cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Leading by Dr. Joan Carles Escolà-Gil and Dr. Noemí Rotllan and assisting by our Topical Advisory Panel Member Dr. Marina Canyelles, this Special Issue aims to publish timely and informative findings on molecular aspects of apolipoproteins (including isoforms and posttranslational modifications) and their influence on health and disease risk. Manuscripts of original research and reviews will be welcome.

Dr. Joan Carles Escolà-Gil
Dr. Noemí Rotllan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

apolipoproteins
Alzheimer's disease
atherosclerosis
cancer
cholesterol
diabetes
inflammation
obesity
lipid metabolism
lipoproteins

Related Special Issue

Apolipoproteins in Health and Disease in International Journal of Molecular Sciences (11 articles)

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Age, Origin and Functional Study of the Prevalent LDLR Mutation Causing Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Gran Canaria

Nicolás M. Suárez

Shifa Jebari-Benslaiman

Roberto Jiménez-Monzón

and

Rosa M. Sánchez-Hernández

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411319 - 11 Jul 2023

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Abstract

The p.(Tyr400_Phe402del) mutation in the LDL receptor (LDLR) gene is the most frequent cause of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in Gran Canaria. The aim of this study was to determine the age and origin of this prevalent founder mutation and to explore its functional consequences. For this purpose, we obtained the haplotypic information of 14 microsatellite loci surrounding the mutation in one homozygous individual and 11 unrelated heterozygous family trios. Eight different mutation carrier haplotypes were identified, which were estimated to originate from a common ancestral haplotype 387 (110–1572) years ago. This estimation suggests that this mutation happened after the Spanish colonisation of the Canary Islands, which took place during the fifteenth century. Comprehensive functional studies of this mutation showed that the expressed LDL receptor was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, preventing its migration to the cell surface, thus allowing us to classify this LDLR mutation as a class 2a, defective, pathogenic variant. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Apolipoproteins and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation Increases HDL Content in n-3 Fatty Acids and Improves Endothelial Function in Hypertriglyceridemic Patients

Paola Peña-de-la-Sancha

Adolfo Muñoz-García

Nilda Espínola-Zavaleta

José-Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez

José-Manuel Fragoso

Elizabeth Carreón-Torres

and

Óscar Pérez-Méndez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(6), 5390; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065390 - 11 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1069

Abstract

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are known to enhance vascular function through different mechanisms, including the delivery of functional lipids to endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that omega-3 (n-3) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content of HDLs would improve the beneficial vascular effects of these lipoproteins. To explore this hypothesis, we performed a placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial in 18 hypertriglyceridemic patients without clinical symptoms of coronary heart disease who received highly purified EPA 460 mg and DHA 380 mg, twice a day for 5 weeks or placebo. After 5 weeks of treatment, patients followed a 4-week washout period before crossover. HDLs were isolated using sequential ultracentrifugation for characterization and determination of fatty acid content. Our results showed that n-3 supplementation induced a significant decrease in body mass index, waist circumference as well as triglycerides and HDL-triglyceride plasma concentrations, whilst HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipids significantly increased. On the other hand, HDL, EPA, and DHA content increased by 131% and 62%, respectively, whereas 3 omega-6 fatty acids significantly decreased in HDL structures. In addition, the EPA-to-arachidonic acid (AA) ratio increased more than twice within HDLs suggesting an improvement in their anti-inflammatory properties. All HDL-fatty acid modifications did not affect the size distribution or the stability of these lipoproteins and were concomitant with a significant increase in endothelial function assessed using a flow-mediated dilatation test (FMD) after n-3 supplementation. However, endothelial function was not improved in vitro using a model of rat aortic rings co-incubated with HDLs before or after treatment with n-3. These results suggest a beneficial effect of n-3 on endothelial function through a mechanism independent of HDL composition. In conclusion, we demonstrated that EPA and DHA supplementation for 5 weeks improved vascular function in hypertriglyceridemic patients, and induced enrichment of HDLs with EPA and DHA to the detriment of some n-6 fatty acids. The significant increase in the EPA-to-AA ratio in HDLs is indicative of a more anti-inflammatory profile of these lipoproteins. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Apolipoproteins and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease 2.0)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Advances in Treatment of Dyslipidemia

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713288 - 27 Aug 2023

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Abstract

Dyslipidemias have emerged as prevalent disorders among patients, posing significant risks for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. These conditions are characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). This review delves into the current treatment approach, focusing on equalizing these parameters while enhancing the overall quality of life for patients. Through an extensive analysis of clinical trials, we identify disorders that necessitate alternative treatment strategies, notably familial hypercholesterolemia. The primary objective of this review is to consolidate existing information concerning drugs with the potential to revolutionize dyslipidemia management significantly. Among these promising pharmaceuticals, we highlight alirocumab, bempedoic acid, antisense oligonucleotides, angiopoietin-like protein inhibitors, apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) inhibitors, lomitapide, and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. Our review demonstrates the pivotal roles played by each of these drugs in targeting specific parameters of lipid metabolism. We outline the future landscape of dyslipidemia treatment, envisaging a more tailored and effective therapeutic approach to address this widespread medical concern. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Apolipoproteins and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease 2.0)

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