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Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders
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Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 10301

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dariusz Szukiewicz

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Guest Editor
Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5 (4th Floor), 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: inflammation; cytokine network; sirtuins; endothelial signaling; human placenta; stem cells; pathophysiology of diabetes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interactions of the endocrine system with inflammation, including autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, are very common. The endocrine and immune system crosstalk and multiple immune processes are involved in endocrine diseases. Hormonal imbalances can increase inflammation, which in turn can further disrupt hormone production. For example, insulin resistance has been recognized as an inflammatory state with increased concentrations of inflammatory markers. Epigenetics deals with heritable phenotype changes under the influence of environmental factors that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. These changes are achieved through epigenetic mechanisms involving DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, histone post-translational modifications, remodeling and repositioning of nucleosomes, higher-order chromatin structure reorganization, non-coding RNA regulation, and RNA modifications. Naturally, these epigenetic events may modulate the activity of both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and have been identified as central pathophysiological factors in addition to genetic disease predisposition and as co-factors determining the course of inflammatory response.

This Special Issue is dedicated to all aspects of inflammatory response in endocrine disorders. When considering your submission, please keep in mind that IJMS is a journal of molecular science.

Prof. Dr. Dariusz Szukiewicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inflammation
  • inflammatory response
  • endocrine disorders
  • epigenetic mechanisms
  • epigenetic regulation
  • autoimmune endocrine diseases
  • hormonal imbalances
  • obesity-induced inflammation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6980 KiB  
Article
Expression of EMP 1, 2, and 3 in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma
by Yoon Jin Cha and Ja Seung Koo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 13016; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241613016 - 21 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1015
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of the epithelial membrane proteins (EMP) 1, 2, and 3 in adrenal gland neoplasm and to explore the broader implications of this. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasms [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of the epithelial membrane proteins (EMP) 1, 2, and 3 in adrenal gland neoplasm and to explore the broader implications of this. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACN) (adrenal cortical adenoma (115 cases), and carcinoma (17 cases)) and 189 cases of pheochromocytoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify EMP 1, 2, and 3, and was compared with clinicopathological parameters. The H-score of EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in pheochromocytoma when compared to that of ACN, and the H-score of EMP 1 (p < 0.001) and EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in adrenal cortical carcinomas when compared to that of adrenal cortical adenomas. A higher EMP 1 H-score was observed in pheochromocytomas with a GAPP score ≥3 (p = 0.018). In univariate analysis, high levels of EMP 1 and EMP 3 expression in ACN were associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.001). Differences were observed in the expression of EMPs between ACN and pheochromocytoma. EMPs are associated with malignant tumor biology in adrenal cortical neoplasm and pheochromocytoma, suggesting the role of a prognostic and/or predictive factor for EMPs in adrenal tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders)
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19 pages, 3343 KiB  
Article
Pomegranate Seed Oil as a Source of Conjugated Linolenic Acid (CLnA) Has No Effect on Atherosclerosis Development but Improves Lipid Profile and Affects the Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in apoE/LDLR−/− Mice
by Magdalena Franczyk-Żarów, Tomasz Tarko, Anna Drahun-Misztal, Izabela Czyzynska-Cichon, Edyta Kus and Renata B. Kostogrys
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1737; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021737 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (cis-9,trans-11,cis-13; punicic acid) compared to linolenic acid (LnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) ( [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-atherosclerotic effect of pomegranate seed oil as a source of conjugated linolenic acid (CLnA) (cis-9,trans-11,cis-13; punicic acid) compared to linolenic acid (LnA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (cis-9,trans-11) in apoE/LDLR−/− mice. In the LONG experiment, 10-week old mice were fed for the 18 weeks. In the SHORT experiment, 18-week old mice were fed for the 10 weeks. Diets were supplied with seed oils equivalent to an amount of 0.5% of studied fatty acids. In the SHORT experiment, plasma TCh and LDL+VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in animals fed CLnA and CLA compared to the Control. The expression of PPARα in liver was four-fold increased in CLnA group in the SHORT experiment, and as a consequence the expression of its target gene ACO was three-fold increased, whereas the liver’s expression of SREBP-1 and FAS were decreased in CLnA mice only in the LONG experiment. Punicic acid and CLA isomers were determined in the adipose tissue and liver in animals receiving pomegranate seed oil. In both experiments, there were no effects on the area of atherosclerotic plaque in aortic roots. However, in the SHORT experiment, the area of atherosclerosis in the entire aorta in the CLA group compared to CLnA and LnA was significantly decreased. In conclusion, CLnA improved the lipid profile and affected the lipid metabolism gene expression, but did not have the impact on the development of atherosclerotic plaque in apoE/LDLR−/− mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders)
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Review

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33 pages, 3118 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity
by Dariusz Szukiewicz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(12), 9818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24129818 - 06 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3756
Abstract
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 [...] Read more.
The comprehensive anabolic effects of insulin throughout the body, in addition to the control of glycemia, include ensuring lipid homeostasis and anti-inflammatory modulation, especially in adipose tissue (AT). The prevalence of obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, has been increasing worldwide on a pandemic scale with accompanying syndemic health problems, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes. Impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin or IR paradoxically leads to diseases with an inflammatory component despite hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, an excess of visceral AT in obesity initiates chronic low-grade inflammatory conditions that interfere with insulin signaling via insulin receptors (INSRs). Moreover, in response to IR, hyperglycemia itself stimulates a primarily defensive inflammatory response associated with the subsequent release of numerous inflammatory cytokines and a real threat of organ function deterioration. In this review, all components of this vicious cycle are characterized with particular emphasis on the interplay between insulin signaling and both the innate and adaptive immune responses related to obesity. Increased visceral AT accumulation in obesity should be considered the main environmental factor responsible for the disruption in the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the immune system, resulting in autoimmunity and inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders)
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12 pages, 668 KiB  
Review
Gender-Specific Impact of Sex Hormones on the Immune System
by Francesca Sciarra, Federica Campolo, Edoardo Franceschini, Francesco Carlomagno and Mary Anna Venneri
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076302 - 27 Mar 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3056
Abstract
Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both clinical and animal models have [...] Read more.
Sex hormones are key determinants of gender-related differences and regulate growth and development during puberty. They also exert a broad range modulation of immune cell functions, and a dichotomy exists in the immune response between the sexes. Both clinical and animal models have demonstrated that androgens, estrogens, and progestogens mediate many of the gender-specific differences in immune responses, from the susceptibility to infectious diseases to the prevalence of autoimmune disorders. Androgens and progestogens mainly promote immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory effects, whereas estrogens enhance humoral immunity both in men and in women. This study summarizes the available evidence regarding the physiological effects of sex hormones on human immune cell function and the underlying biological mechanisms, focusing on gender differences triggered by different amounts of androgens between males and females. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inflammatory Response in Endocrine Disorders)
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