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Special Issue "Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality 2.0"

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2023 | Viewed by 2505

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Prof. Dr. Jinsong Bao

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Guest Editor

College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: rice grain quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second volume of our previous Special Issue "Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality".

While cereal production is important for food security, cereal grain quality features determine consumer acceptability and market value. With the increase in standard of living, our desire for a better life requires more production of high-quality cereal foods. However, our ability to provide high-quality cereal grains is constrained due to a limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms of grain quality formation. Starch, proteins, and lipids are major compositions in all the cereals, while some compositions are present in a unique cereal. The biosynthesis and regulation mechanisms on the accumulation of these major or minor compositions in the cereal grain affect the end-use quality of cereals. Structure–function relations are important clues necessary for understanding which factors affect the grain quality. However, more molecular studies are necessary to discover the regulation mechanism underlying grain quality formation for the improvement of grain quality. This Special Issue aims to provide a forum on the most recent advances in the field of application of molecular tools to understand the mechanisms used for improving the grain quality in any cereals.

Any papers using novel molecular tools to solve problems in cereal grain quality are welcome. The molecular tools include (but are not limited to) genetic mapping, transformation, genome editing, genome selection, omics, and other molecular biology techniques.

Prof. Dr. Jinsong Bao
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

cereal
rice
wheat
maize
barley
sorghum
millet
molecular markers
genome-wide association studies
genome editing
genome selection
sequencing
molecular selection
transcriptomics
omics
post-translational regulation
starch
protein
lipids
vitamin
phenolics
processing quality
eating quality

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Effects Analysis of QTLs for Rice Grain Size Based on CSSL-Z403 and Its Dissected Single and Dual-Segment Substitution Lines

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512013 - 27 Jul 2023

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Abstract

Rice chromosomal segment substitution lines (CSSLs) are ideal materials for studying quantitative traits such as grain size. Here, a rice large-grain CSSL-Z403 was identified among progeny of the recipient Xihui18 and the donor Jinhui35 based on molecular marker-assisted selection. Z403 carried 10 substitution segments with average length of 3.01 Mb. Then, a secondary F₂ population derived from a cross between Xihui18 and Z403 was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for grain size. Six QTLs distributed on chromosomes 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 were detected. Finally four single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) and two dual-segment substitution lines (DSSLs) carrying these target QTLs were constructed, and 10 novel QTLs were identified by four SSSLs. The large grain of Z403 was controlled at least by qGWT5, qGWT7, qGWT9 and qGWT12, and its grain weight was influenced through grain length QTL such as qGL5, qGL6, qGL9 and qGL12, as well as grain width QTL such as qGW5, qGW7, qGW9 and qGW12. Among 16 QTLs, four QTLs including qGL6, etc., might be novel compared with the reported documents. Again, positive or less negative epistatic effects between two non-allelic QTLs (additive effect > 0) may assist screening the genotype with larger grain size in further selection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

Conjunctive Analyses of BSA-Seq and BSR-Seq to Identify Candidate Genes Controlling the Black Lemma and Pericarp Trait in Barley

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119473 - 30 May 2023

Viewed by 851

Abstract

Black barley seeds are a health-beneficial diet resource because of their special chemical composition and antioxidant properties. The black lemma and pericarp (BLP) locus was mapped in a genetic interval of 0.807 Mb on chromosome 1H, but its genetic basis remains unknown. In this study, targeted metabolomics and conjunctive analyses of BSA-seq and BSR-seq were used to identify candidate genes of BLP and the precursors of black pigments. The results revealed that five candidate genes, purple acid phosphatase, 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 11, coiled-coil domain-containing protein 167, subtilisin-like protease, and caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase, of the BLP locus were identified in the 10.12 Mb location region on the 1H chromosome after differential expression analysis, and 17 differential metabolites, including the precursor and repeating unit of allomelanin, were accumulated in the late mike stage of black barley. Phenol nitrogen-free precursors such as catechol (protocatechuic aldehyde) or catecholic acids (caffeic, protocatechuic, and gallic acids) may promote black pigmentation. BLP can manipulate the accumulation of benzoic acid derivatives (salicylic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, and syringaldehyde) through the shikimate/chorismite pathway other than the phenylalanine pathway and alter the metabolism of the phenylpropanoid-monolignol branch. Collectively, it is reasonable to infer that black pigmentation in barley is due to allomelanin biosynthesis in the lemma and pericarp, and BLP regulates melanogenesis by manipulating the biosynthesis of its precursors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality 2.0)

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Open AccessArticle

The Landscapes of Gluten Regulatory Network in Elite Wheat Cultivars Contrasting in Gluten Strength

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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119447 - 29 May 2023

Viewed by 743

Abstract

Yangmai-13 (YM13) is a wheat cultivar with weak gluten fractions. In contrast, Zhenmai-168 (ZM168) is an elite wheat cultivar known for its strong gluten fractions and has been widely used in a number of breeding programs. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying the gluten signatures of ZM168 remain largely unclear. To address this, we combined RNA-seq and PacBio full-length sequencing technology to unveil the potential mechanisms of ZM168 grain quality. A total of 44,709 transcripts were identified in Y13N (YM13 treated with nitrogen) and 51,942 transcripts in Z168N (ZM168 treated with nitrogen), including 28,016 and 28,626 novel isoforms in Y13N and Z168N, respectively. Five hundred and eighty-four differential alternative splicing (AS) events and 491 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were discovered. Incorporating the sodium-dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) sedimentation volume (SSV) trait, both weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) and multiscale embedded gene coexpression network analysis (MEGENA) were employed for network construction and prediction of key drivers. Fifteen new candidates have emerged in association with SSV, including 4 transcription factors (TFs) and 11 transcripts that partake in the post-translational modification pathway. The transcriptome atlas provides new perspectives on wheat grain quality and would be beneficial for developing promising strategies for breeding programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research for Cereal Grain Quality 2.0)

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