High-Density Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Disease
A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2023) | Viewed by 3969
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
The fatty streak develops as a response to specific lipids that are carried into the artery wall with LDL and that subsequently become oxidized as a result of exposure to the oxidative waste of the artery wall cells (the Yang). The opposing (calming) forces (the Yin) include the antioxidants present both within the LDL and within the microenvironments where the LDL is trapped. These antioxidants function to prevent the formation of the oxidized lipids. Other opposing (calming) forces include specific enzymes contained within LDL or associated with HDL that inactivate these biologically active lipids. The balance between the Yin and the Yang determines the response of the artery wall.
The effect of life style on lipoprotein metabolism, systemic inflammation and cardiovascular well being is well known. Nutritional habits, physical activity, normal sleep and optimal physical and mental pressure play major role in achieving a healthy and smart life style.
The anti oxidant, anti inflammatory HDL in the basal state contains enzymes that can destroy oxidized lipids that mediate a chronic inflammatory response. In this sense, HDL in the basal state is anti-inflammatory. Our group has shown that the alterations in HDL that were induced by the acute-phase response. The acute-phase response is a systemic reaction to infectious and noninfectious tissue-destructive processes. Unlike LDL, HDL is chameleon-like, changing its colors (apoproteins and associated enzymes) as the landscape changes (going from the basal state to the acute-phase response and back to the basal state). If HDL protection is largely due to its ability to inhibit or destroy the biologically active lipids in mildly oxidized LDL, the changes in HDL induced by the acute-phase response could result in an increase in the local modification (oxidation) of LDL in the artery wall. Consequently, monocyte infiltration at such sites may increase during an acute-phase response. The major site of monocyte entry into lipid-rich plaques that are prone to rupture is at the shoulder region of lesions, and the major determinant of plaque rupture appears to be the intensity of monocyte infiltration at such sites.
In this issue factors including nutritional habits, physical activity, good sleep, stress management and HDL in menopause will be covered.
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Navab
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- nutrition and HDL
- physical activity and HDL
- sleep and HDL
- stress and HDL
- genetics and HDL
- therapeutic approach to HDL abnormality
- dysfunctional HDL
- HDL levels vs HDL function
