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Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome
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Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 12852

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luís R. Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Centro de Potencial e Inovação em Recursos Naturais, Unidade de Investigação para o Desenvolvimento do Interior do Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
Interests: bioactive compounds as health promoters; natural products; medicinal plants; bioactivity; in vivo assays; clinical trials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. João Almeida Lopes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: chemistry; biochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic syndrome is a manifestation characterized by a variety of comorbidities, including hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which pose a significant risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and premature death. The obesity starts with a defects in energy balance. The increase of free fatty acids and lipid accumulation in certain organs are mediators of insulin resistance. The fat-derived adipokines, including TNFα and adiponectin, are considered pathogenic contributors or protectors, being involved in the pathways from adiposity to the genesis of dyslipidemia and hypertension.
These comorbidities lead to low-grade inflammation stat and oxidative stress, so improving dietary habits toward a healthier lifestyle can play a fundamental role in the prevention and management of metabolic syndromes. Preventive and therapeutic methods based on the use of natural bioactive compounds, could be a useful complementary treatment to reduce hospitalizations and health costs, and improve the quality of life of patients with metabolic syndromes. This special issue adresses the potential beneficial role of natural bioactive compounds in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndromes and described the molecular mechanisms involved.

Dr. Luís R. Silva
Dr. João Almeida Lopes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • bioactive compounds
  • arterial hypertension
  • diabetes mellitus
  • dyslipidemia
  • inflammation
  • functional foods

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3178 KiB  
Article
High-Molecular-Weight Dextran-Type Exopolysaccharide Produced by the Novel Apilactobacillus waqarii Improves Metabolic Syndrome: In Vitro and In Vivo Analyses
by Waqar Ahmad, Jacqueline L. Boyajian, Ahmed Abosalha, Anam Nasir, Iram Ashfaq, Paromita Islam, Sabrina Schaly, Rahul Thareja, Azam Hayat, Mujaddad ur Rehman, Munir Ahmad Anwar and Satya Prakash
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12692; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012692 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1896
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a leading medical concern that affects one billion people worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of risk factors that predispose an individual to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. In recent years, the apparent role of the gut microbiota [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome is a leading medical concern that affects one billion people worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a clustering of risk factors that predispose an individual to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and stroke. In recent years, the apparent role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome has drawn attention to microbiome-engineered therapeutics. Specifically, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) harbors beneficial metabolic characteristics, including the production of exopolysaccharides and other microbial byproducts. We recently isolated a novel fructophilic lactic acid bacterium (FLAB), Apilactobacillus waqarii strain HBW1, from honeybee gut and found it produces a dextran-type exopolysaccharide (EPS). The objective of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential of the new dextran in relation to metabolic syndrome. Findings revealed the dextran’s ability to improve the viability of damaged HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells and exhibit antioxidant properties. In vivo analyses demonstrated reductions in body weight gain and serum cholesterol levels in mice supplemented with the dextran, compared to control (5% and 17.2%, respectively). Additionally, blood glucose levels decreased by 16.26% following dextran supplementation, while increasing by 15.2% in non-treated mice. Overall, this study displays biotherapeutic potential of a novel EPS to improve metabolic syndrome and its individual components, warranting further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome)
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Review

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22 pages, 2802 KiB  
Review
Natural Functional Beverages as an Approach to Manage Diabetes
by Filomena Carvalho, Radhia Aitfella Lahlou, Paula Pires, Manuel Salgado and Luís R. Silva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16977; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316977 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1246
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease, commonly associated with unhealthy habits and obesity, and it is becoming a serious health issue worldwide. As a result, new approaches to treat diabetes are required, and a movement towards more natural approaches is emerging. Consuming fruit and vegetables is advised to prevent diabetes since they contain several bioactive compounds. A simple and effective strategy to include them in the diets of diabetic and obese people is through beverages. This review aims to report the anti-diabetic potentials of different vegetable and fruit beverages. These functional beverages demonstrated in vitro potential to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes and to improve glucose uptake. In vivo, beverage consumption showed a reduction of blood glucose, increase of insulin tolerance, improvement of lipid profile, control of obesity, and reduction of oxidative stress. This suggests the potential of vegetable- and fruit-based functional beverages to be used as a natural innovative therapy for the management of diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome)
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21 pages, 1306 KiB  
Review
Regulation of Acetylation States by Nutrients in the Inhibition of Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis
by Hyunju Kang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119338 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1699
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic metabolic disorder and primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Initiated by endothelial cell stimulation, AS is characterized by arterial inflammation, lipid deposition, foam cell formation, and plaque development. Nutrients such as carotenoids, [...] Read more.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic metabolic disorder and primary cause of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Initiated by endothelial cell stimulation, AS is characterized by arterial inflammation, lipid deposition, foam cell formation, and plaque development. Nutrients such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins can prevent the atherosclerotic process by modulating inflammation and metabolic disorders through the regulation of gene acetylation states mediated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). Nutrients can regulate AS-related epigenetic states via sirtuins (SIRTs) activation, specifically SIRT1 and SIRT3. Nutrient-driven alterations in the redox state and gene modulation in AS progression are linked to their protein deacetylating, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nutrients can also inhibit advanced oxidation protein product formation, reducing arterial intima-media thickness epigenetically. Nonetheless, knowledge gaps remain when it comes to understanding effective AS prevention through epigenetic regulation by nutrients. This work reviews and confirms the underlying mechanisms by which nutrients prevent arterial inflammation and AS, focusing on the epigenetic pathways that modify histones and non-histone proteins by regulating redox and acetylation states through HDACs such as SIRTs. These findings may serve as a foundation for developing potential therapeutic agents to prevent AS and cardiovascular diseases by employing nutrients based on epigenetic regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome)
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15 pages, 1296 KiB  
Review
Uses of Papaya Leaf and Seaweed Supplementations for Controlling Glucose Homeostasis in Diabetes
by Benard B. Nyakundi and Jinzeng Yang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076846 - 06 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3742
Abstract
Studies from laboratory animal models and complementary medical practices have implied that nutrients from special plants or herbs contain antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obese, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Seaweed and tropical papaya, which are widely available in Asian and Pacific countries, have been used as [...] Read more.
Studies from laboratory animal models and complementary medical practices have implied that nutrients from special plants or herbs contain antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-obese, anti-hypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. Seaweed and tropical papaya, which are widely available in Asian and Pacific countries, have been used as home remedies for centuries. The bioactive extracts from these plants contain vitamins A, C, B and E complexes, as well as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, essential fatty acids, flavonoids, saponins, fucoidan, and phlorotannin. In this review, the authors examine the pathogenesis of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia due to the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis, antidiabetic/antihyperglycemic seaweed or/and papaya derived bioactive phytochemicals and their proposed mechanisms of action in the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The authors also propose combining papaya and seaweed to enhance their antidiabetic effects, leveraging the advantages of herb-to-herb combination. Papaya and seaweed have demonstrated antidiabetic effects through in vitro assays, cellular models, and animal studies despite the limited clinical trials. Nutraceuticals with antidiabetic effects, such as secondary metabolites isolated from seaweed and papaya, could be combined for a synergistic effect on T2DM management. However, the application of these compounds in their purified or mixed forms require further scientific studies to evaluate their efficacy against diabetes-related complications, such as hyperlipidemia, elevated free radicals, pro-inflammatory molecules, insulin insensitivity, and the degeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome)
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24 pages, 1375 KiB  
Review
Prevention of Metabolic Syndrome by Phytochemicals and Vitamin D
by Kazuki Santa, Yoshio Kumazawa and Isao Nagaoka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032627 - 30 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3584
Abstract
In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables in maintaining and improving the intestinal environment and preventing metabolic syndrome. A high-fat and high-sugar diet, lack of exercise, and excess energy accumulation in the body can cause [...] Read more.
In recent years, attention has focused on the roles of phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables in maintaining and improving the intestinal environment and preventing metabolic syndrome. A high-fat and high-sugar diet, lack of exercise, and excess energy accumulation in the body can cause metabolic syndrome and induce obesity, diabetes, and disorders of the circulatory system and liver. Therefore, the prevention of metabolic syndrome is important. The current review shows that the simultaneous intake of phytochemicals contained in citruses and grapes together with vitamin D improves the state of gut microbiota and immunity, preventing metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Phytochemicals contained in citruses include polyphenols such as hesperidin, rutin, and naringin; those in grapes include quercetin, procyanidin, and oleanolic acid. The intake of these phytochemicals and vitamin D, along with prebiotics and probiotics, nurture good gut microbiota. In general, Firmicutes are obese-prone gut microbiota and Bacteroidetes are lean-prone gut microbiota; good gut microbiota nurture regulatory T cells, which suppress inflammatory responses and upregulate immunity. Maintaining good gut microbiota suppresses TNF-α, an inflammatory cytokine that is also considered to be a pathogenic contributor adipokine, and prevents chronic inflammation, thereby helping to prevent metabolic syndrome. Maintaining good gut microbiota also enhances adiponectin, a protector adipokine that prevents metabolic syndrome. For the prevention of metabolic syndrome and the reduction of various disease risks, the intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D will be important for human health in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds in Metabolic Syndrome)
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