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Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms
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Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2022) | Viewed by 21329

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alicja Wegrzyn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Phage Therapy Center, University Center for Applied and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Interests: biology of bacteriophages; biodiversity of bacteriophages; regulation of bacteriophage development; regulation of phage gene expression; control of phage DNA replication; phage therapy; phages bearing genes of toxins; bacteriophage genomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacteriophages (or shortly: phages) are viruses infecting bacterial cells, and for a long time they were considered as biological entities completely neutral to eukaryotic organisms. However, along with introduction of phage therapy (the use of phages in therapeutic approaches in humans and animals, as well as in treatment of plants infected with pathogenic bacteria) it appeared that there are also interactions between bacteriophages and eukaryotes. These interactions may be crucial is assessment of effectiveness of phage therapy, but also open new fields of studies on the role bacteriophages in biology of plants, animals and humans, especially if we consider that these viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth, and are present in large amounts in microbiomes of higher organisms. On the other hand, our knowledge on these interactions is highly incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this special issue is to publish results of studies, as well as critical review articles on recent achievements in aspects of molecular interactions between bacteriophages and eukaryotic organisms. Manuscripts on processes studied on both genetic and biochemical (including immunological) levels are welcome, and all aspects of above mentioned interactions will be considered.

Dr. Alicja Wegrzyn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Bacteriophages
  • phage-eukaryotic organisms interactions
  • immunological aspects of the presence of bacteriophages
  • phage therapy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 26810 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Effect of a Newly Isolated Lytic Bacteriophage against Multi-Drug-Resistant Cutibacterium acnes Infection in Mice
by Ho Yin Pekkle Lam, Meng-Jiun Lai, Ting-Yu Chen, Wen-Jui Wu, Shih-Yi Peng and Kai-Chih Chang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 7031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137031 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3290
Abstract
Acne vulgaris, which is mostly associated with the colonization of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), is a common skin inflammatory disease in teenagers. However, over the past few years, the disease has extended beyond childhood to chronically infect approximately 40% of adults. [...] Read more.
Acne vulgaris, which is mostly associated with the colonization of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), is a common skin inflammatory disease in teenagers. However, over the past few years, the disease has extended beyond childhood to chronically infect approximately 40% of adults. While antibiotics have been used for several decades to treat acne lesions, antibiotic resistance is a growing crisis; thus, finding a new therapeutic target is urgently needed. Studies have shown that phage therapy may be one alternative for treating multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections. In the present study, we successfully isolated a C. acnes phage named TCUCAP1 from the skin of healthy volunteers. Morphological analysis revealed that TCUCAP1 belongs to the family Siphoviridae with an icosahedral head and a non-contractile tail. Genome analysis found that TCUCAP1 is composed of 29,547 bp with a G+C content of 53.83% and 56 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). The ORFs were associated with phage structure, packing, host lysis, DNA metabolism, and additional functions. Phage treatments applied to mice with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) C.-acnes-induced skin inflammation resulted in a significant decrease in inflammatory lesions. In addition, our attempt to formulate the phage into hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) cream may provide new antibacterial preparations for human infections. Our results demonstrate that TCUCAP1 displays several features that make it an ideal candidate for the control of C. acnes infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms)
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20 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
Metallacarborane Derivatives Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia enterocolitica
by Wieslaw Swietnicki, Waldemar Goldeman, Mateusz Psurski, Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman, Anna Boguszewska-Czubara, Marek Drab, Jordan Sycz and Tomasz M. Goszczyński
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6762; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136762 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that has become a nosocomial health problem worldwide. The pathogen has multiple drug removal and virulence secretion systems, is resistant to many antibiotics, and there is no commercial vaccine against it. Yersinia pestis is a zoonotic [...] Read more.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that has become a nosocomial health problem worldwide. The pathogen has multiple drug removal and virulence secretion systems, is resistant to many antibiotics, and there is no commercial vaccine against it. Yersinia pestis is a zoonotic pathogen that is on the Select Agents list. The bacterium is the deadliest pathogen known to humans and antibiotic-resistant strains are appearing naturally. There is no commercial vaccine against the pathogen, either. In the current work, novel compounds based on metallacarborane cage were studied on strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a Yersinia pestis substitute, Yersinia enterocolitica. The representative compounds had IC50 values below 10 µM against Y. enterocolitica and values of 20–50 μM against P. aeruginosa. Artificial generation of compound-resistant Y. enterocolitica suggested a common mechanism for drug resistance, the first reported in the literature, and suggested N-linked metallacarboranes as impervious to cellular mechanisms of resistance generation. SEM analysis of the compound-resistant strains showed that the compounds had a predominantly bacteriostatic effect and blocked bacterial cell division in Y. enterocolitica. The compounds could be a starting point towards novel anti-Yersinia drugs and the strategy presented here proposes a mechanism to bypass any future drug resistance in bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms)
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Review

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16 pages, 678 KiB  
Review
Building Personalized Cancer Therapeutics through Multi-Omics Assays and Bacteriophage-Eukaryotic Cell Interactions
by Qing Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9712; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189712 - 08 Sep 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2704
Abstract
Bacteriophage-eukaryotic cell interaction provides the biological foundation of Phage Display technology, which has been widely adopted in studies involving protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions, and it provides a direct link between the proteins and the DNA encoding them. Phage display has also facilitated the [...] Read more.
Bacteriophage-eukaryotic cell interaction provides the biological foundation of Phage Display technology, which has been widely adopted in studies involving protein-protein and protein-peptide interactions, and it provides a direct link between the proteins and the DNA encoding them. Phage display has also facilitated the development of new therapeutic agents targeting personalized cancer mutations. Proteins encoded by mutant genes in cancers can be processed and presented on the tumor cell surface by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, and such mutant peptides are called Neoantigens. Neoantigens are naturally existing tumor markers presented on the cell surface. In clinical settings, the T-cell recognition of neoantigens is the foundation of cancer immunotherapeutics. This year, we utilized phage display to successfully develop the 1st antibody-based neoantigen targeting approach for next-generation personalized cancer therapeutics. In this article, we discussed the strategies for identifying neoantigens, followed by using phage display to create personalized cancer therapeutics—a complete pipeline for personalized cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms)
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40 pages, 3370 KiB  
Review
Interactions of Bacteriophages with Animal and Human Organisms—Safety Issues in the Light of Phage Therapy
by Magdalena Podlacha, Łukasz Grabowski, Katarzyna Kosznik-Kawśnicka, Karolina Zdrojewska, Małgorzata Stasiłojć, Grzegorz Węgrzyn and Alicja Węgrzyn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168937 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 11880
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these viruses were for a long time considered to be neutral to animals and humans. However, studies of recent years provided clear evidence that [...] Read more.
Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacterial cells. Since there is a lack of specific receptors for bacteriophages on eukaryotic cells, these viruses were for a long time considered to be neutral to animals and humans. However, studies of recent years provided clear evidence that bacteriophages can interact with eukaryotic cells, significantly influencing the functions of tissues, organs, and systems of mammals, including humans. In this review article, we summarize and discuss recent discoveries in the field of interactions of phages with animal and human organisms. Possibilities of penetration of bacteriophages into eukaryotic cells, tissues, and organs are discussed, and evidence of the effects of phages on functions of the immune system, respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, urinary tract, and reproductive system are presented and discussed. Modulations of cancer cells by bacteriophages are indicated. Direct and indirect effects of virulent and temperate phages are discussed. We conclude that interactions of bacteriophages with animal and human organisms are robust, and they must be taken under consideration when using these viruses in medicine, especially in phage therapy, and in biotechnological applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Organisms)
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