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Plant Responses to Heat Stress
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Plant Responses to Heat Stress

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 11105

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Biao Jin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Interests: plant responses to warming and heat; plant mutation and epimutation; plant secondary metabolites and flavonoids; plant genomes; microplastics
Dr. Nianjun Teng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: flower breeding; pollen; reproductive biology; biotic stresses; abiotic stresses; intergeneric/interspecific hybridization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat stress adversely affects plant growth, development, and productivity. Heat stress causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes in plants. On the other hand, plants have mechanisms to cope with heat stress via the activation of heat-responsive pathways and enzymes to alleviate the stress damage. Plants can also be primed by heat stress to improve their heat tolerance and adaptation. In addition, climate warming and frequent heat waves have aggravated heat stress and led to a significant reduction in crop yield worldwide. Therefore, understanding how plants respond to heat stress will help us to find appropriate ways to fight against heat stress in a warmer future. This Special Issue is to provide open-source sharing of significant works in the field of plant responses to heat stress. Authors are invited to submit original research and review articles from the molecular to whole-plant levels, related to plant responses to heat stress.

Topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Physiological, biochemical, metabolic, and molecular studies on the impact of heat stress.
  • Transcription, epigenetics, non-coding RNAs, metabolites, antioxidants, photosynthesis, and yield are involved in heat responses.
  • Molecular mechanisms to identify genes, transcription factors, and pathways for heat responses and tolerance.

Prof. Dr. Biao Jin
Dr. Nianjun Teng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • high temperatures
  • thermotolerance
  • stress memory
  • temperature sensing
  • signal transduction
  • protein homeostasis
  • genomics
  • transcriptomics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics
  • epigenetics
  • microrna
  • omics
  • warming
  • heat-stress priming
  • heat memory
  • alternative splicing
  • heat adaptation
  • heat tolerance
  • oxidative stress
  • photosynthesis
  • reactive oxygen species
  • signaling molecules
  • heat shock

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5489 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of NF-Y Gene Family in Ginkgo biloba Seedlings and GbNF-YA6 Involved in Heat-Stress Response and Tolerance
by Tongfei Wang, Helin Zou, Shixiong Ren, Biao Jin and Zhaogeng Lu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12284; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512284 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1205
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors play an essential role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite extensive research on the NF-Y gene family across various species, the knowledge regarding the NF-Y family in Ginkgo biloba remains unknown. In this study, [...] Read more.
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factors play an essential role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Despite extensive research on the NF-Y gene family across various species, the knowledge regarding the NF-Y family in Ginkgo biloba remains unknown. In this study, we identified a total of 25 NF-Y genes (seven GbNF-YAs, 12 GbNF-YBs, and six GbNF-YCs) in the G. biloba genome. We characterized the gene structure, conserved motifs, multiple sequence alignments, and phylogenetic relationships with other species (Populus and Arabidopsis). Additionally, we conducted a synteny analysis, which revealed the occurrence of segment duplicated NF-YAs and NF-YBs. The promoters of GbNF-Y genes contained cis-acting elements related to stress response, and miRNA–mRNA analysis showed that some GbNF-YAs with stress-related cis-elements could be targeted by the conserved miRNA169. The expression of GbNF-YA genes responded to drought, salt, and heat treatments, with GbNF-YA6 showing significant upregulation under heat and drought stress. Subcellular localization indicated that GbNF-YA6 was located in both the nucleus and the membrane. Overexpressing GbNF-YA6 in ginkgo callus significantly induced the expression of heat-shock factors (GbHSFs), and overexpressing GbNF-YA6 in transgenic Arabidopsis enhanced its heat tolerance. Additionally, Y2H assays demonstrated that GbNF-YA6 could interact with GbHSP at the protein level. Overall, our findings offer novel insights into the role of GbNF-YA in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance and warrant further functional research of GbNF-Y genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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17 pages, 9101 KiB  
Article
The Regulatory Network of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Seedlings under Heat Stress Revealed by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis
by Zhuqing Wang, Yang Xiao, Hailong Chang, Shengren Sun, Jianqiang Wang, Qinggan Liang, Qingdan Wu, Jiantao Wu, Yuanxia Qin, Junlv Chen, Gang Wang and Qinnan Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310845 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1457
Abstract
Heat stress is an increasingly significant abiotic stress factor affecting crop yield and quality. This study aims to uncover the regulatory mechanism of sweet corn response to heat stress by integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses of seedlings exposed to normal (25 °C) or [...] Read more.
Heat stress is an increasingly significant abiotic stress factor affecting crop yield and quality. This study aims to uncover the regulatory mechanism of sweet corn response to heat stress by integrating transcriptome and metabolome analyses of seedlings exposed to normal (25 °C) or high temperature (42 °C). The transcriptome results revealed numerous pathways affected by heat stress, especially those related to phenylpropanoid processes and photosynthesis, with 102 and 107 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified, respectively, and mostly down-regulated in expression. The metabolome results showed that 12 or 24 h of heat stress significantly affected the abundance of metabolites, with 61 metabolites detected after 12 h and 111 after 24 h, of which 42 metabolites were detected at both time points, including various alkaloids and flavonoids. Scopoletin-7-o-glucoside (scopolin), 3-indolepropionic acid, acetryptine, 5,7-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone, and 5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavanone expression levels were mostly up-regulated. A regulatory network was built by analyzing the correlations between gene modules and metabolites, and four hub genes in sweet corn seedlings under heat stress were identified: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 2 (RDR2), UDP-glucosyltransferase 73C5 (UGT73C5), LOC103633555, and CTC-interacting domain 7 (CID7). These results provide a foundation for improving sweet corn development through biological intervention or genome-level modulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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16 pages, 4670 KiB  
Article
Growth and Molecular Responses of Tomato to Prolonged and Short-Term Heat Exposure
by Mirta Tokić, Dunja Leljak Levanić, Jutta Ludwig-Müller and Nataša Bauer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4456; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054456 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetables for human consumption. In the Mediterranean’s semi-arid and arid regions, where tomatoes are grown in the field, global average surface temperatures are predicted to increase. We investigated tomato seed germination at elevated temperatures and the [...] Read more.
Tomatoes are one of the most important vegetables for human consumption. In the Mediterranean’s semi-arid and arid regions, where tomatoes are grown in the field, global average surface temperatures are predicted to increase. We investigated tomato seed germination at elevated temperatures and the impact of two different heat regimes on seedlings and adult plants. Selected exposures to 37 °C and heat waves at 45 °C mirrored frequent summer conditions in areas with a continental climate. Exposure to 37 °C or 45 °C differently affected seedlings’ root development. Both heat stresses inhibited primary root length, while lateral root number was significantly suppressed only after exposure to 37 °C. Heat stress treatments induced significant accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and reduced abscisic acid (ABA) levels in seedlings. As opposed to the heat wave treatment, exposure to 37 °C increased the accumulation of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which may have been involved in the root architecture modification of seedlings. Generally, more drastic phenotypic changes (chlorosis and wilting of leaves and bending of stems) were found in both seedlings and adult plants after the heat wave-like treatment. This was also reflected by proline, malondialdehyde and heat shock protein HSP90 accumulation. The gene expression of heat stress-related transcription factors was perturbed and DREB1 was shown to be the most consistent heat stress marker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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17 pages, 1933 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Heat Shock Factor C2a Over-Expressing Wheat Roots Reveals Ferroptosis-like Cell Death in Heat Stress Recovery
by Sundaravelpandian Kalaipandian, Jonathan Powell, Aneesh Karunakaran, Jiri Stiller, Steve Adkins, Udaykumar Kage, Kemal Kazan and Delphine Fleury
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3099; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043099 - 04 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1386
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas in many regions of the world are subject to heat waves which are predicted to increase in frequency because of climate change. The engineering of crop plants can be a useful strategy to mitigate heat stress-caused [...] Read more.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing areas in many regions of the world are subject to heat waves which are predicted to increase in frequency because of climate change. The engineering of crop plants can be a useful strategy to mitigate heat stress-caused yield losses. Previously, we have shown that heat shock factor subclass C (TaHsfC2a-B)-overexpression significantly increased the survival of heat-stressed wheat seedlings. Although previous studies have shown that the overexpression of Hsf genes enhanced the survival of plants under heat stress, the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this response, a comparative analysis of the root transcriptomes of untransformed control and TaHsfC2a-overexpressing wheat lines by RNA-sequencing have been performed. The results of RNA-sequencing indicated that the roots of TaHsfC2a-overexpressing wheat seedlings showed lower transcripts of hydrogen peroxide-producing peroxidases, which corresponds to the reduced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide along the roots. In addition, suites of genes from iron transport and nicotianamine-related gene ontology categories showed lower transcript abundance in the roots of TaHsfC2a-overexpressing wheat roots than in the untransformed control line following heat stress, which are in accordance with the reduction in iron accumulation in the roots of transgenic plants under heat stress. Overall, these results suggested the existence of ferroptosis-like cell death under heat stress in wheat roots, and that TaHsfC2a is a key player in this mechanism. To date, this is the first evidence to show that a Hsf gene plays a key role in ferroptosis under heat stress in plants. In future, the role of Hsf genes could be further studied on ferroptosis in plants to identify root-based marker genes to screen for heat-tolerant genotypes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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20 pages, 5364 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling Uncovers Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Candidate Genes Associated with Heat Stress Response in Chickpea
by Himabindu Kudapa, Rutwik Barmukh, Vanika Garg, Annapurna Chitikineni, Srinivasan Samineni, Gaurav Agarwal and Rajeev K. Varshney
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1369; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021369 - 10 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is highly susceptible to heat stress (day/night temperatures above 32/20 °C). Identifying the molecular mechanisms and potential candidate genes underlying heat stress response is important for increasing chickpea productivity. Here, we used an RNA-seq approach to investigate [...] Read more.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is highly susceptible to heat stress (day/night temperatures above 32/20 °C). Identifying the molecular mechanisms and potential candidate genes underlying heat stress response is important for increasing chickpea productivity. Here, we used an RNA-seq approach to investigate the transcriptome dynamics of 48 samples which include the leaf and root tissues of six contrasting heat stress responsive chickpea genotypes at the vegetative and reproductive stages of plant development. A total of 14,544 unique, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across different combinations studied. These DEGs were mainly involved in metabolic processes, cell wall remodeling, calcium signaling, and photosynthesis. Pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and plant hormone signal transduction, under heat stress conditions. Furthermore, heat-responsive genes encoding bHLH, ERF, WRKY, and MYB transcription factors were differentially regulated in response to heat stress, and candidate genes underlying the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for heat tolerance component traits, which showed differential gene expression across tolerant and sensitive genotypes, were identified. Our study provides an important resource for dissecting the role of candidate genes associated with heat stress response and also paves the way for developing climate-resilient chickpea varieties for the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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16 pages, 11148 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Environment-Responsive Alternative Splicing in the Inflorescences of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species
by Enbai Zhou, Guixiang Wang, Lin Weng, Meng Li and Han Xiao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11585; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911585 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1420
Abstract
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is bred for fruit production in optimized environments, in contrast to harsh environments where their ancestral relatives thrive. The process of domestication and breeding has profound impacts on the phenotypic plasticity of plant development and the stress [...] Read more.
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is bred for fruit production in optimized environments, in contrast to harsh environments where their ancestral relatives thrive. The process of domestication and breeding has profound impacts on the phenotypic plasticity of plant development and the stress response. Notably, the alternative splicing (AS) of precursor message RNA (pre-mRNA), which is one of the major factors contributing to transcriptome complexity, is responsive to developmental cues and environmental change. To determine a possible association between AS events and phenotypic plasticity, we investigated environment-responsive AS events in the inflorescences of cultivated tomato and its ancestral relatives S. pimpinellifolium. Despite that similar AS frequencies were detected in the cultivated tomato variety Moneymaker and two S. pimpinellifolium accessions under the same growth conditions, 528 genes including splicing factors showed differential splicing in the inflorescences of plants grown in open fields and plastic greenhouses in the Moneymaker variety. In contrast, the two S. pimpinellifolium accessions, LA1589 and LA1781, had 298 and 268 genes showing differential splicing, respectively. Moreover, seven heat responsive genes showed opposite expression patterns in response to changing growth conditions between Moneymaker and its ancestral relatives. Accordingly, there were eight differentially expressed splice variants from genes involved in heat response in Moneymaker. Our results reveal distinctive features of AS events in the inflorescences between cultivated tomato and its ancestral relatives, and show that AS regulation in response to environmental changes is genotype dependent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Heat Stress)
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