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Special Issue "Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer"

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Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Rockford, IL 61107, USA
Interests: prostate cancer; phytochemicals; dietary alkaloids; prebiotics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally, prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death in men. Routine intake of bioactive compounds from various sources such as plants, diet, and marine organisms could be potentially beneficial in reducing the incidence and death rates, as prostate cancer is characterized by a long latency period from initiation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to development of adenocarcinoma. Although androgen deprivation therapy is the mainstay treatment, there is increased risk of patients developing lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer and treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer, in addition to experiencing severe side effects. There is increasing evidence that bioactive compounds could serve as alternative treatment or could be used as adjunct therapy with conventional treatments to improve the quality of life and longevity of patients.

This Special Issue invites original research and review articles focused on bioactive compounds that have targets including androgen receptor (AR), AR variants (e.g., AR-V7), PI3K/Akt, mTOR, NF-kB, TGFbeta, EMT, transcription factors (e.g., c-Myc, N-Myc, STAT3, STAT5), mTOR, Wnt-beta catenin, Notch1, HDAC, DNMT3 etc. in prostate cancer cells based on in vitro and in vivo studies.

Dr. Munirathinam Gnanasekar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

prostate cancer
androgen receptor
AR-V7
castration-resistant prostate cancer
dietary alkaloids
dietary antioxidants
phenolic compounds
terpenoids
phytochemicals
xanthones
probiotics
preclinical
marine bioactive agents
molecular target
signaling pathways

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Pyrogallol from Spirogyra neglecta Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Modulating Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

Wirote Tuntiwechapikul

Supachai Yodkeeree

and

Pornngarm Dejkriengkraikul

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6452; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076452 - 29 Mar 2023

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Abstract

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is an advanced form of prostate cancer associated with poor survival rates. The high proliferation and metastasis rates have made CRPC one of the most challenging types of cancer for medical practitioners and researchers. In this study, the anti-cancer properties and inhibition of CRPC progression by S. neglecta extract and its active constituents were determined using two CRPC cell lines, DU145 and PC3. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. neglecta (SnEA) was obtained using a solvent-partitioned extraction technique. The active constituents of SnEA were then determined using the HPLC technique, which showed that SnEA mainly contained syringic acid, pyrogallol, and p-coumaric acid phenolic compounds. After the determination of cytotoxic properties using the SRB assay, it was found that pyrogallol, but not the other two major compounds of SnEA, displayed promising anti-cancer properties in both CRPC cell lines. SnEA and pyrogallol were then further investigated for their anti-proliferation and apoptotic induction properties using propidium iodide and Annexin V staining. The results showed that SnEA and pyrogallol inhibited both DU145 and PC3 cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and significantly decreased the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins (cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2, and CDK-4, p < 0.001). SnEA and pyrogallol treatments also promoted apoptosis in both types of CRPC cells through significantly downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins (survivin, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl, p < 0.001) and upregulating apoptotic proteins (cleaved-caspase-9, cleaved-caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP-1, p < 0.001). Mechanistic study demonstrated that SnEA and pyrogallol inactivated the Akt signaling pathway leading to enhancement of the active form of GSK-3β in CRPC cell lines. Therefore, the phosphorylation of β-catenin was increased, which caused degradation of the protein, resulting in a downregulation of β-catenin (unphosphorylated form) transcriptional factor activity. The current results reflect the potential impact of S. neglecta extract and pyrogallol on the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer)

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Review

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Open AccessReview

Flavones: The Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer of Three Flavones Selected as Therapeutic Candidate Models

Se Hyo Jeong

Hun Hwan Kim

Min Young Park

Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(11), 9240; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119240 - 25 May 2023

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Abstract

Cancer is a widespread but dangerous disease that can strike anyone and is the second 1leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer, in particular, is a prevalent cancer that occurs in men, and much research is being done on its treatment. Although chemical drugs are effective, they have various side effects, and accordingly, anticancer drugs using natural products are emerging. To date, many natural candidates have been discovered, and new drugs are being developed as drugs to treat prostate cancer. Representative candidate compounds that have been studied to be effective in prostate cancer include apigenin, acacetin and tangeretin of the flavone family among flavonoids. In this review, we look at the effects of these three flavones on prostate cancer cells via apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in addition to the existing drugs, we suggest the three flavones and their effectiveness as natural anticancer agents, a treatment model for prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer)

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Open AccessReview

Sulforaphane and Its Protective Role in Prostate Cancer: A Mechanistic Approach

James Mordecai

Saleem Ullah

and

Irshad Ahmad

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 6979; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086979 - 10 Apr 2023

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Abstract

The increasing incidence of prostate cancer worldwide has spurred research into novel therapeutics for its treatment and prevention. Sulforaphane, derived from broccoli and other members of the Brassica genus, is a phytochemical shown to have anticancer properties. Numerous studies have shown that sulforaphane prevents the development and progression of prostatic tumors. This review evaluates the most recent published reports on prevention of the progression of prostate cancer by sulforaphane in vitro, in vivo and in clinical settings. A detailed description of the proposed mechanisms of action of sulforaphane on prostatic cells is provided. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges, limitations and future prospects of using sulforaphane as a therapeutic agent in treatment of prostate cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer)

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Special Issue "Bioactive Compounds and Therapeutic Targets in Prostate Cancer"

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