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Current Research in Pharmacognosy: A Focus on Biological Activities

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2024 | Viewed by 4001

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Centre (CIEPQPF) - Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Group of Bromatol, Pharmacognosy and Analyst Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: pharmacognosy; polyphenols; natural products

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Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Centro de Investigação em Engenharia dos Processos Químicos e Produtos da Floresta (CIEPQPF), Universidade de Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: pharmacognosy and phytochemistry; herbal medicinal products; essential oils

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Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
Interests: pharmacognosy and phytochemistry; phenolic compounds; mass spectrometry; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: immunopharmacology; pharmacotoxicology; innate immune cells; inflammation; immunotherapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pharmacognosy is a multidisciplinary science devoted to the study of drugs from natural sources. Natural products have been traditionally used for centuries to enhance health and treat diseases, and since the beginning of the twenty-first century, the consumption of plant-derived products has increased significantly. Currently, modern medicine is still largely dependent on natural drugs: according to data from the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the world’s population benefits from utilizing plants for the treatment of various diseases. However, only a small percentage of higher plants has been systematically investigated to elucidate their phytochemicals and identify their bioactive compounds. Therefore, it remains essential to continue to carry out research in order to discover novel bioactive and safe compounds, or natural sources of phytochemicals with significant pharmacological value. Crude drugs have a complex chemical composition and interactions between their components, such as synergism, are common and worthy of being assessed. Furthermore, the association between these biomolecules or with other conventional drugs may also contribute to increasing their efficacy and/or reducing their toxicity. Modern techniques and methodologies for isolation and the structural and biological characterization of phytochemicals are also included in the scope of pharmacognosy, being side-by-side with structure–activity relationship studies and molecular docking, which are determinant in a drug potential assessment. New knowledge about natural drugs and/or their biomolecules related to any of the subjects previously focused on and one or more biological activities referred to in the keywords will be an important contribution to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Maria Teresa Batista
Dr. Carlos Cavaleiro
Dr. Artur Figueirinha
Dr. Maria Teresa Cruz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • phytochemical characterization
  • volatile biomolecules
  • polyphenols
  • anticancer
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antimicrobial
  • antioxidant
  • synergism
  • toxicity

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

60 pages, 4407 KiB  
Review
Phytochemistry and Biological Profile of Gaultheria procumbens L. and Wintergreen Essential Oil: From Traditional Application to Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
by Piotr Michel and Monika Anna Olszewska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010565 - 01 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2001
Abstract
Gaultheria procumbens L. is a medicinal plant whose aerial parts (leaves, stems, and fruits) and methyl salicylate-rich essential oil (wintergreen oil) are used in phytotherapy to treat inflammation, muscular pain, and infection-related disorders. This overview summarises the current knowledge about ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, [...] Read more.
Gaultheria procumbens L. is a medicinal plant whose aerial parts (leaves, stems, and fruits) and methyl salicylate-rich essential oil (wintergreen oil) are used in phytotherapy to treat inflammation, muscular pain, and infection-related disorders. This overview summarises the current knowledge about ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, biocompatibility, and traditional use of G. procumbens and the wintergreen oil distilled from different plant organs. Over 70 hydrophilic compounds, including methyl salicylate glycosides, flavonoids, procyanidins, free catechins, caffeoylquinic acids, and simple phenolic acids, have been identified in G. procumbens plant parts. Moreover, aliphatic compounds, triterpene acids, and sterols have been revealed in lipophilic fractions. Furthermore, over 130 volatile compounds have been detected in wintergreen oil with dominating methyl salicylate (96.9–100%). The accumulated research indicates that mainly hydrophilic non-volatiles are responsible for the pharmacological effects of G. procumbens, primarily its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photoprotective activity, with mechanisms verified in vitro and ex vivo in cellular and cell-free assays. The biological effectiveness of the dominant methyl salicylate glycoside—gaultherin—has also been confirmed in animals. Wintergreen oil is reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent exhibiting moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in vitro and significant insecticidal and larvicidal capacity. Together, G. procumbens accumulate a diverse fraction of polyphenols, triterpenes, and volatiles with validated in vitro and ex vivo biological activity but with the absence of in vivo studies, especially clinical trials concerning effective dose determination and toxicological verification and technological research, including drug formulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Pharmacognosy: A Focus on Biological Activities)
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18 pages, 1041 KiB  
Review
Protective Effects and Mechanism of Polysaccharides from Edible Medicinal Plants in Alcoholic Liver Injury: A Review
by Zhuo-Wen Su, Ting-Yu Yan, Jing Feng, Meng-Yuan Zhang, Lei Han, Hua-Feng Zhang and Ying Xiao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16530; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216530 - 20 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1220
Abstract
Alcohol use accounts for a large variety of diseases, among which alcoholic liver injury (ALI) poses a serious threat to human health. In order to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents, some natural constituents, especially polysaccharides from edible medicinal plants (PEMPs), have been [...] Read more.
Alcohol use accounts for a large variety of diseases, among which alcoholic liver injury (ALI) poses a serious threat to human health. In order to overcome the limitations of chemotherapeutic agents, some natural constituents, especially polysaccharides from edible medicinal plants (PEMPs), have been applied for the prevention and treatment of ALI. In this review, the protective effects of PEMPs on acute, subacute, subchronic, and chronic ALI are summarized. The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury is analyzed. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) and safety of PEMPs are discussed. In addition, the mechanism underlying the hepatoprotective activity of polysaccharides from edible medicinal plants is explored. PEMPs with hepatoprotective activities mainly belong to the families Orchidaceae, Solanaceae, and Liliaceae. The possible mechanisms of PEMPs include activating enzymes related to alcohol metabolism, attenuating damage from oxidative stress, regulating cytokines, inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocytes, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating the gut microbiota. Strategies for further research into the practical application of PEMPs for ALI are proposed. Future studies on the mechanism of action of PEMPs will need to focus more on the utilization of multi-omics approaches, such as proteomics, epigenomics, and lipidomics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research in Pharmacognosy: A Focus on Biological Activities)
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