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IJERPH
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2nd Edition: Exercise and Performance Physiology
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2nd Edition: Exercise and Performance Physiology

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Exercise and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 10065

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabrizio Perroni

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section on Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
Interests: exercise; functional evaluation; hormonal aspects; puberty; training; soccer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Erica Gobbi

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via dell'Annunziata 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
Interests: childhood and adolescence; affective response to exercise; clinical population and disability; exercise equipment; user-centred approach
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stefano Amatori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Section of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via dell'Annunziata 4, 61029 Urbino, Italy
Interests: puberty; training , exercise and sport supplements; microbiota

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical exercise and performance in sports are strongly linked to physiological variables, which are dependent on both anatomical, functional and biomechanical aspects and motor strategies. Understanding the effect of exercise, and the acute and chronic dose-response patterns involves studying the specific changes in muscular and cardiovascular systems that lead to changes in health and human performance (e.g., wellness and physical activity, the response to different sports, the administration of exercise programs, warm-ups and cool down, and recovery strategies) due to strength training and conditioning and the use by the athletes of different sport equipment. Consequently, the knowledge provided by scientific studies on performance physiology can be useful to optimize coaching and training programs and aid the adequate long-term development of athletes.  An in-depth understanding of the effects of training stimulus on specific adaptations will contribute to increasing scientific knowledge on how to achieve better athletic performance and to reduce the risk of sport injuries. Given the success of the past year, we are happy to announce the release of a second edition of the Special Issue “Exercise and Performance Physiology”, to encourage multidisciplinary discussion on up-to-date scientific data in this area.

Dr. Fabrizio Perroni
Dr. Erica Gobbi
Dr. Stefano Amatori
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • physiological and psychological responses
  • exercise
  • strength and conditioning
  • biomechanics and bioenergetics of movement
  • functional evaluation
  • puberty and development
  • gender differences
  • nutrition
  • oxidative stress
  • athletes’ hearts
  • physiological remodeling induced by acute exercise and long-term training

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 498 KiB  
Article
Going Vegan for the Gain: A Cross-Sectional Study of Vegan Diets in Bodybuilders during Different Preparation Phases
by Stefano Amatori, Chiara Callarelli, Erica Gobbi, Alexander Bertuccioli, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Davide Sisti, Marco B. L. Rocchi and Fabrizio Perroni
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 5187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065187 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4732
Abstract
Numerous athletes compete at a high level without consuming animal products; although a well-planned vegan diet might be appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, a few elements need to be addressed to build a balanced plant-based diet for an athlete, particularly [...] Read more.
Numerous athletes compete at a high level without consuming animal products; although a well-planned vegan diet might be appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, a few elements need to be addressed to build a balanced plant-based diet for an athlete, particularly in bodybuilding, in which muscle growth should be maximised, as athletes are judged on their aesthetics. In this observational study, nutritional intakes were compared in a cohort of natural omnivorous and vegan bodybuilders, during two different phases of preparation. To this end, 18 male and female bodybuilders (8 vegans and 10 omnivores) completed a food diary for 5 days during the bulking and cutting phases of their preparation. A mixed-model analysis was used to compare macro- and micronutrient intakes between the groups in the two phases. Both vegans and omnivores behaved similarly regarding energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes, but vegans decreased their protein intake during the cutting phase. Our results suggest that vegan bodybuilders may find difficulties in reaching protein needs while undergoing a caloric deficit, and they might benefit from nutritional professionals’ assistance to bridge the gap between the assumed proteins and those needed to maintain muscle mass through better nutrition and supplementation planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Exercise and Performance Physiology)
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11 pages, 1478 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Isometric Training Programs on Muscle Size and Function in the Elbow Flexors
by ZhenFei Zou, Naoshi Morimoto, Miyuki Nakatani, Hirotsugu Morinaga and Yohei Takai
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3837; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053837 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
It remains unknown whether a regimen of a combination of high- and low-intensity resistance training increases muscle size and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) simultaneously. This study aimed to clarify the effect of the combination of high- and low-intensity resistance training on muscle [...] Read more.
It remains unknown whether a regimen of a combination of high- and low-intensity resistance training increases muscle size and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) simultaneously. This study aimed to clarify the effect of the combination of high- and low-intensity resistance training on muscle size and neuromuscular function in the elbow flexors. Sixteen male adults participated in a 9-week isometric training regimen in elbow joint flexion of each arm. We randomly assigned two different training regimens to left and right arms: one aiming to strengthen maximal strength (ST) and the other aiming to develop muscle size as well as maximal strength, which consists of one contraction to volitional failure with 50% of MVC added to ST (COMB). Following the 3-week training to volitional failure as familiarization, the participants conducted the 6-week ST and COMB training in each arm. Before the intervention, and at the third (Mid) and ninth (Post) weeks, MVC and muscle thickness in the anterior part of the upper arm (ultrasound) were measured. Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) was derived from the obtained muscle thickness. From Mid to Post, the relative change in MVC was similar in both arms. The COMB regimen increased muscle size, but no significant change was found in ST. Following the 3-week isometric training to volitional failure, the 6-week training regimen for developing maximal voluntary and muscle hypertrophy increased MVC, with increasing mCSA, and the training-induced change in MVC was similar to that for developing maximal voluntary strength alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Exercise and Performance Physiology)
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11 pages, 1119 KiB  
Article
EMG Signal Processing for the Study of Localized Muscle Fatigue—Pilot Study to Explore the Applicability of a Novel Method
by Sandra B. Rodrigues, Luís Palermo de Faria, António M. Monteiro, José Luís Lima, Tiago M. Barbosa and José A. Duarte
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13270; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013270 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to explore a method for characterization of the electromyogram frequency spectrum during a sustained exertion task, performed by the upper limb. Methods: Nine participants underwent an isometric localized muscle fatigue protocol on an isokinetic dynamometer until exhaustion, while monitored [...] Read more.
This pilot study aimed to explore a method for characterization of the electromyogram frequency spectrum during a sustained exertion task, performed by the upper limb. Methods: Nine participants underwent an isometric localized muscle fatigue protocol on an isokinetic dynamometer until exhaustion, while monitored with surface electromyography (sEMG) of the shoulder’s external rotators. Firstly, three methods of signal energy analysis based on primer frequency contributors were compared to the energy of the entire spectrum. Secondly, the chosen method of analysis was used to characterize the signal energy at beginning (T1), in the middle (T2) and at the end (T3) of the fatigue protocol and compared to the torque output and the shift in the median frequencies during the trial. Results: There were statistically significant differences between T1 and T3 for signal energy (p < 0.007) and for central frequency of the interval (p = 0.003). Moreover, the isometric peak torque was also different between T1 and T3 (p < 0.001). Overall, there were no differences between the signal energy enclosed in the 40 primer frequency contributors and the analysis of the full spectrum energy; consequently, it was the method of choice. The reported fatigue and the decrease in the produced muscle torque was consistent with fatigue-induced alterations in the electromyogram frequency spectrum. In conclusion, the developed protocol has potential to be considered as an easy-to-use method for EMG-based analysis of isometric muscle exertion until fatigue. Thus, the novelty of the proposed method is to explore, in muscle fatigue, the use of only the main contributors in the frequency domain of the EMG spectrum, avoiding surplus information, that may not represent muscle functioning. However, further studies are needed to investigate the stability of the present findings in a more comprehensive sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Exercise and Performance Physiology)
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