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Special Issue "New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases"

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 11255

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Dr. Giulia Marrone

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Guest Editor

UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: human nutrition; renal nutrition; nutrition in metabolic syndrome; natural bioactive compounds; oxidative stress; body composition

Prof. Dr. Annalisa Noce

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UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: chronic kidney disease; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress biomarkers; renal resistive index; arterial hypertension; nutrition in chronic non-communicable diseases; gut microbiota; natural bioactive compounds
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Dear Colleagues,

It has been known for many years that eating habits and physical activity influence human health, as well as have an impact on gut microbiota composition. Numerous studies have shown that the consumption of red meat, saturated fats and salt increase the risk of onset and progression of chronic non-communicable diseases such as arterial hypertension, renal failure, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, headache, etc. Among the new advances in the nutritional field, a primary role is exerted by natural bioactive compounds—in particular, by polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins. These compounds positively impact both oxidative stress and inflammatory state directly or through the gut microbiota modulation. In fact, the latter, through the release of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is able to influence the host health by modulating the immune system and the gut permeability. An impaired release of SCFAs induces an alteration of gut permeability and, consequently, a gut bacteria translocation into the bloodstream, contributing to the development of an inflammatory state, characterized by the increased production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a and interleukin (IL)-6, and the activation of T helper 17 lymphocytes.

Dr. Giulia Marrone
Prof. Dr. Annalisa Noce
Guest Editors

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Keywords

gut dysbiosis
chronic non-communicable diseases
Western diet
cardiovascular diseases
chronic kidney disease
natural bioactive compounds
polyphenols
physical activity

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Characterization of Gut Microbiota Composition in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Population-Based Study

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315913 - 29 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1037

Abstract

(1) Background: A clinical laboratory index to assess gut dysbiosis is the F/B ratio < 0.8. In fact, an elevated proportion of Firmicutes and a reduced population of Bacteroides in diabetes type 2 (T2D) subjects has been observed. This study aimed to detail the dysbiosis status in the Italian population, focusing on some pathogenic spectra (T2D) or metabolic disorders. (2) Material and methods: A quantity of 334 fecal samples was analyzed in order to perform genetic testing and sequencing. (3) Results: A trend in over imbalance was observed in the percentage of Proteobacteria (median value: 6.75%; interquartile range (IQR): 3.57–17.29%). A statistically significant association (χ²p = 0.033) was observed between type of dysbiosis and T2D, corresponding to an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.86. It was noted that females with cystitis/candidiasis are significantly prevalent in T2D patients (p < 0.01; OR: 3.59; 95% CI: 1.43–8.99). Although, in non-diabetic males, a sugar craving is significantly associated with the rate of dysbiosis in non-diabetic males (p < 0.05; OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00–1.16). (4) Conclusion: In T2D patients, the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was biased in favor of Proteobacteria, to be expected due to the nutritional habits of the patients. Thus, T2D females had altered gut permeability favoring the development of infections in the vaginal tract. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

Associations between Advanced Glycation End Products, Body Composition and Mediterranean Diet Adherence in Kidney Transplant Recipients

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 11060; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711060 - 04 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1137

Abstract

There is limited evidence on the associations between dietary patterns, body composition, and nonclassical predictors of worse outcomes such as advanced glycation end products (AGE) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the level of AGE-determined cardiovascular (CV) risk in Dalmatian KTRs and possible associations between AGE, adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), and nutritional status. Eighty-five (85) KTRs were enrolled in this study. For each study participant, data were collected on the level of AGE, as measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF), Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), body mass composition, anthropometric parameters, and clinical and laboratory parameters. Only 11.76% of the participants were adherent to the MeDi. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of KTRs had severe CV risk based on AGE, while 31% of KTRs had mild to moderate CV risk. The results of the LASSO regression analysis showed that age, dialysis type, dialysis vintage, presence of CV and chronic kidney disease, C- reactive protein level, urate level, percentage of muscle mass, and adherence to recommendations for nuts, meat, and sweets were identified as positive predictors of AGE. The negative predictors for AGE were calcium, phosphate, cereal adherence according to the MeDi, and trunk fat mass. These results demonstrate extremely low adherence to the MeDi and high AGE levels related CV risk in Dalmatian KTRs. Lifestyle interventions in terms of CV risk management and adherence to the MeDi of KTRs should be taken into consideration when taking care of this patient population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

Processed Plant-Based Foods for CKD Patients: Good Choice, but Be Aware

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(11), 6653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116653 - 30 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1733

Abstract

The beneficial effects of vegetarian diets are known in the general population and in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In recent years, the market has developed a number of processed plant-based products because of several factors (lifestyle changes, ethical concerns, and sustainability). The composition in terms of nutrients, ingredients, and additives of 560 products available on the market and on online shopping sites was analyzed to understand the characteristics of these products. Processed plant-based meat substitutes have a higher content of salt (+467%), lipids (+26%), mostly unsaturated, and fiber with respect to regular animal-based ones. Protein content is lower (−40%) in plant-based products with respect to corresponding animal ones. Of the 49 additives on the label (on average 2 per product), 20 contain phosphorus, sodium, potassium, or nitrogen. Several plant-based processed products may contain elevated amounts of salt and additives, which make them not optimal for CKD patients. Although a plant-based diet remains a very important tool for CKD nutritional management, patients should be aware regarding the extra content of sodium and additives in processed plant-based products compared to animal-based processed food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Functional Bars and Adapted Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pilot Study

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3281; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063281 - 10 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1908

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a public health problem because it is characterized by several comorbidities, including uremic sarcopenia (US), and a poor quality of life. Currently, there are no standardized treatments available to counteract the onset of US but only some possible therapeutic approaches to slow its progression. The aim of this pilot study is to collect descriptive data in order to design a clinical trial based on the power analysis and simple size. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the possible beneficial action induced by the functional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bars in combination with the adapted physical activity (APA), on the onset and progression of US and other related-CKD comorbidities. We enrolled 21 CKD patients under conservative therapy, divided into four groups: (A) the physical exercise program (PEP), three times a week, in combination with the daily consumption of the two functional bars group; (B) the PEP group; (C) the daily consumption of the two functional bars group; (D) the control group. The duration of the study protocol was 12 weeks. We observed an improvement trend of body composition, blood pressure levels, lipid metabolism, and functional test in A and B groups. These preliminary data would seem to confirm the effectiveness of APA and to demonstrate the additive role of the natural bioactive compound’s assumption in countering US and other CKD comorbidities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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The Utility of Capsicum annuum L. in Internal Medicine and In Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review

Luciano Maria Catalfamo

Francesco Saverio De Ponte

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811187 - 06 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1856

Abstract

Capsaicin is a chili peppers extract, genus Capsicum, commonly used as a food spice. Since ancient times, Capsaicin has been used as a “homeopathic remedy” for treating a wild range of pathological conditions but without any scientific knowledge about its action. Several studies have demonstrated its potentiality in cardiovascular, nephrological, nutritional, and other medical fields. Capsaicin exerts its actions thanks to the bond with transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is a nociceptive receptor, and its activation starts with a neurosensitive impulse, responsible for a burning pain sensation. However, constant local application of Capsaicin desensitized neuronal cells and leads to relief from neuropathic pain. In this review, we analyze the potential adjuvant role of Capsaicin in the treatment of different pathological conditions either in internal medicine or dentistry. Moreover, we present our experience in five patients affected by oro-facial pain consequent to post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy, not responsive to any remedy, and successfully treated with topical application of Capsaicin. The topical application of Capsaicin is safe, effective, and quite tolerated by patients. For these reasons, in addition to the already-proven beneficial actions in the internal field, it represents a promising method for the treatment of neuropathic oral diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Oral Diseases in Nephropathic Patients

Michele Basilicata

Manuela Di Lauro

Vincenzo Campolattano

Giulia Marrone

Roberto Celotto

Anna Paola Mitterhofer

Patrizio Bollero

Nicola Di Daniele

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Annalisa Noce

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031665 - 31 Jan 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2728

Abstract

Among the chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases (CDNCDs), chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global public health problem. Recent studies demonstrate a mutual cause–effect relationship between CKD and oral diseases, in which the presence of one induces the onset and faster progression of the other. In particular, the oral cavity alterations more frequent in CKD patients are: chronic periodontitis diseases, bone lesions, oral infections, and oral cancer lesions. Currently, a standardized therapy for the treatment of oral diseases is lacking. For this reason, natural bioactive compounds (NBCs), characterized by several health effects, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer actions, represent a new possible adjuvant therapy in the management of these pathological conditions. Among NBCs, polyphenols play a leading role due to positive modulation of oral microbiota, preventing and correcting oral dysbiosis. Moreover, these compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects, such as inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of cycloxigenase-2. In this light, the formulation of a new mouthwash/gel/gingival paste, with a high content of polyphenols in association with NBCs characterized by antimicrobial action, could represent a future therapy of oral disease in CKD patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Nutrition and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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