Editorial

4 pages, 276 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Promoting Health for Adolescents: An Editorial

by Zisis Kozlakidis

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(14), 6336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146336 - 10 Jul 2023

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The research area of adolescent health corresponds to the summary of a wide range of scientific interests and investigations, focusing on the first years of life of an individual [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

11 pages, 498 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Trend of Correlations between Psychological Symptoms and Socioeconomic Inequalities among Italian Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study from 2006 to 2018 in Tuscany Region

by Dario Lipari, Bianca Maria Bocci, Cesare Rivieri, Elena Frongillo, Antonella Miserendino, Andrea Pammolli, Claudia Maria Trombetta, Ilaria Manini, Rita Simi and Giacomo Lazzeri

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(15), 6473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156473 - 28 Jul 2023

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Abstract

Adolescence is a critical moment in life; people become individuals, create new relationships, develop social skills and learn behaviours that they will use for the rest of their lives. During this phase, adolescents establish patterns of behaviour that can protect their health. This [...] Read more.

Adolescence is a critical moment in life; people become individuals, create new relationships, develop social skills and learn behaviours that they will use for the rest of their lives. During this phase, adolescents establish patterns of behaviour that can protect their health. This study aims to 1. assess the presence of psychological disorders in adolescents of both genders, 2. determine their relation to socio-economic differences based on the Family Affluence Scale (FAS), and 3. assess trends from 2006 to 2018. Data were collected from the Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey given to a representative sample of Tuscan adolescents aged 11–15 years. Participants (n. 12,550) filled out questionnaires to assess whether psychological symptoms such as feeling low, irritability, nervousness, or sleeping difficulties manifested weekly or more often over the past six months. For the study we utilized a cross-sectional survey method and linear regression to examine the association between psychological symptoms (dependent variable measured on an interval scale (0–16)), gender and FAS. We conducted similar analyses using logistic regressions for each of the four symptoms. An increase in psychological symptoms in both genders was revealed between 2006 and 2018, with a statistically significant presence in females: 0.29 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.17 to 0.41), 1.43 (95% CI, 1.37 to 1.48) and 1.43 (95% CI, 1.34 to 1.52) in low-, medium- and high-affluence families, respectively; whereas males presented 0.14 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.27), 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.77) and 0.31 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.39), respectively. The probability of a predictive episode of psychological symptoms (feeling low, irritability, nervousness, sleeping difficulties) occurring weekly, or more, often was greatly increased in females of all socioeconomic classes. These findings suggest that the increase in psychological disorders in adolescents should be considered a public health problem and further investigated through longitudinal studies and continuous monitoring of health trends. Full article

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15 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing Saudi Youth Physical Activity Participation: A Qualitative Study Based on the Social Ecological Model

by Anwar Al-Nuaim and Ayazullah Safi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(10), 5785; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20105785 - 11 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2086

Abstract

Background: The growing improvement in urbanisation, modes of transportation and the expansion of sedentary behaviour, both at work and home, have resulted in declining rates of physical activity (PA) worldwide. Nearly one-third of the global population aged 15 and over are insufficiently active. [...] Read more.

Background: The growing improvement in urbanisation, modes of transportation and the expansion of sedentary behaviour, both at work and home, have resulted in declining rates of physical activity (PA) worldwide. Nearly one-third of the global population aged 15 and over are insufficiently active. The negative effect of physical inactivity has been evidenced and ranked fourth as the lethal cause of death globally. Therefore, the aim of this research was to explore the factors influencing PA participation among youths from different geographical locations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Sixteen focus groups (males = 8 and females = 8) were conducted with a total of 120 secondary school students (male = 63 and female = 57) aged between 15 and 19 years. The focus groups were analysed to identify key themes through the process of thematic analysis. Results: Results from the focus groups indicated that a lack of time, safety, parental support, policies, access to sport and PA facilities, and transportation, as well as climate were reported as barriers to PA participation. Discussion and conclusion: The current research contributes to the scarce literature focused on the multidimensional effects on Saudi youth PA behaviour from different geographical locations. This qualitative approach has provided the participants a voice, and the overall study offers valuable evidence as well as invaluable information to policymakers, public health departments, and local authorities for PA intervention based on the environment and the community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

18 pages, 3027 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Heterogeneity and Regional Clustering of Factors Influencing Chinese Adolescents’ Physical Fitness

by Zihan Tong, Zhenxing Kong, Xiao Jia, Jingjing Yu, Tingting Sun and Yimin Zhang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(5), 3836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053836 - 21 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1358

Abstract

There is often significant spatial heterogeneity in the factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents, yet less attention has been paid to this in established studies. Based on the 2018 Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard Test data, this study uses a multi-scale, geographically [...] Read more.

There is often significant spatial heterogeneity in the factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents, yet less attention has been paid to this in established studies. Based on the 2018 Chinese National Student Physical Fitness Standard Test data, this study uses a multi-scale, geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model combined with a K-means clustering algorithm to construct a spatial regression model of the factors influencing adolescent physical fitness, and to investigate the degree of spatial variation in the physical fitness of Chinese adolescents from a socio-ecological perspective of health promotion. The following conclusions were drawn: the performance of the youth physical fitness regression model was significantly improved after taking spatial scale and heterogeneity into account. At the provincial scale, the non-farm output, average altitude, and precipitation of each region were strongly related to youth physical fitness, and each influencing factor generally showed a banded spatial heterogeneity pattern, which can be summarized into four types: N–S, E–W, NE–SW, and SE–NW. From the perspective of youth physical fitness, China can be divided into three regions of influence: the socio-economic-influenced region, mainly including the eastern region and some of the central provinces of China; the natural-environment-influenced region, which mainly includes the northwestern part of China and some provinces in the highland region; and the multi-factor joint-influenced region, which mainly includes the provinces in the central and northeastern regions of China. Finally, this study provides syndemic suggestions for physical fitness and health promotion for youths in each region. Full article

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10 pages, 1009 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Teacher Support on Adolescents’ Positive Academic Emotion in China: Mediating Role of Psychological Suzhi and General Self-Efficacy

by Xu Chen, Hongxia Zhao and Dajun Zhang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416635 - 11 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1984

Abstract

Positive academic emotions can promote good academic performance and development in students. Therefore, how teachers stimulate students to produce more positive academic emotions is particularly important. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of teacher support and adolescents’ positive academic emotions. A [...] Read more.

Positive academic emotions can promote good academic performance and development in students. Therefore, how teachers stimulate students to produce more positive academic emotions is particularly important. This study aimed to reveal the underlying mechanism of teacher support and adolescents’ positive academic emotions. A total of 854 students from western China participated in this survey, which included the Students’ Perception of the Teacher’s Behavioural Support Questionnaire, the Psychological Suzhi Questionnaire for Middle School Students, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (396 boys; 12 to 20 years old, M_age = 15.3, SD = 2.04). Results showed that (1) teacher support, psychological suzhi, and general self-efficacy were positively correlated with students’ positive academic emotion; (2) psychological suzhi and general self-efficacy played a separate mediating role between teacher support and adolescents’ positive academic emotion; and (3) teacher support also influenced adolescents’ positive academic emotion through the serial mediation of psychological suzhi and general self-efficacy. Full article

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24 pages, 3000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiscale Impact of Environmental and Socio-Economic Factors on Low Physical Fitness among Chinese Adolescents and Regionalized Coping Strategies

by Zihan Tong, Zhenxing Kong, Xiao Jia, Hanyue Zhang and Yimin Zhang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013504 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1882

Abstract

As low physical fitness in adolescents increases their risk of all-cause mortality in future adulthood as well as regional public health budgets, many scholars have studied the factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents. However, the spatial non-stationarity and scale between physical fitness and [...] Read more.

As low physical fitness in adolescents increases their risk of all-cause mortality in future adulthood as well as regional public health budgets, many scholars have studied the factors influencing physical fitness in adolescents. However, the spatial non-stationarity and scale between physical fitness and influencing factors in adolescents are often neglected. To rectify this situation, this study constructed a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model based on data from the China National Student Fitness Survey and the China Statistical Yearbook in 2018 to investigate the spatial patterns of factors influencing low physical fitness among adolescents. The results showed that the influencing factors for measuring the physical fitness of Chinese adolescents had significant spatial heterogeneity and multi-scale effects. The local R² values were relatively low in the western region of China. Consideration should be given to increasing the lifestyle and ethnic and cultural characteristics of local residents when selecting influencing factors in the future. The physical fitness of men was mainly influenced by socio-economic factors, while that of women was influenced by natural environmental factors. According to the different spatial distribution patterns of MGWR, this study suggests that each region should develop regionalized strategies to cope with the low physical fitness of adolescents, including taking advantage of the natural environment to develop physical fitness promotion projects, accelerating the upgrading of industrial structures in the north-eastern and western regions, and the need to remain cautious of rapid urbanization in the east. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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11 pages, 684 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Social Support and Exercise Adherence among Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Effects of Subjective Exercise Experience and Commitment

by Yuge Tian and Zhenguo Shi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(18), 11827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811827 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2373

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and exercise adherence among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating effects of subjective exercise experience and commitment in the relationship, in order to provide a reference for [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social support and exercise adherence among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the mediating effects of subjective exercise experience and commitment in the relationship, in order to provide a reference for improving exercise adherence among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, Subjective Exercise Experience Scale, Exercise Commitment Scale, and Exercise Adherence Scale were administered to 459 eligible college students in Jinan, Shandong Province, through convenience sampling. Results showed that social support positively predicted exercise adherence among college students. The separate and joint mediating effects of subjective exercise experience and commitment between social support and college students’ exercise adherence were significant. This study demonstrated that social support can positively predict exercise adherence among college students. In addition, subjective exercise experience and commitment played mediation roles between social support and college students’ exercise adherence, both separately and jointly. Therefore, enhancing social support and improving the level of subjective exercise experience and exercise commitment among college students may be an effective strategy for improving exercise adherence among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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15 pages, 375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leisure-Time Activities in Different Contexts and Depressive Symptoms in Norwegian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Annette Løvheim Kleppang and Eivind Å. Skille

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(17), 10769; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710769 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1900

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity organised in sports clubs, non-organised physical activity, other organised leisure-time activities, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. This study was based on cross-sectional data from the Ungdata survey conducted between 2017 [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical activity organised in sports clubs, non-organised physical activity, other organised leisure-time activities, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. This study was based on cross-sectional data from the Ungdata survey conducted between 2017 and 2019. The sample comprised 7656 adolescents (aged 13–16 years). Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the three different leisure-time activities and depressive symptoms. All models were adjusted for gender, family economy, parents’ higher education, having friends, alcohol intoxication, and smoking. The odds for symptoms of depression were higher for those who were less physically active in a sports club (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.15–1.57) and in non-organised physical activities (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.29–1.74) and lower for those who participated less in other organised leisure-time activities (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68–0.92) compared with those who were physically active (sports club and non-organised) and those who participated in other organised leisure-time activities. Our findings suggested that being physically active, both in a sports club and in non-organised activities, was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms among adolescents. Additional research is needed to confirm a possible causal relationship. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

12 pages, 755 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Future Time Perspective and Bedtime Procrastination: The Mediating Role of Dual-Mode Self-Control and Problematic Smartphone Use

by Bo Mao, Shuai Chen, Mingchen Wei, Yali Luo and Yanling Liu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610334 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5780

Abstract

This study examined bedtime procrastination predictors and the development process concerning health behavior. Based on temporal self-regulation theory and the self-regulatory framework of time perspective, we examined the effects of future time perspective, dual-model of self-control, and problematic smartphone use on bedtime procrastination. [...] Read more.

This study examined bedtime procrastination predictors and the development process concerning health behavior. Based on temporal self-regulation theory and the self-regulatory framework of time perspective, we examined the effects of future time perspective, dual-model of self-control, and problematic smartphone use on bedtime procrastination. Further, including the mediating role of dual-mode self-control and problematic smartphone use in the effects of future time perspective on bedtime procrastination among 3687 participants (38.73% male; M_age = 16.17 years, SD = 2.42, range = 11–23) Chinese students. The results showed that the future time perspective, dual-mode self-control, and problematic smartphone use had significant predictive effects on bedtime procrastination. Importantly, the negative effect of future time perspective on bedtime procrastination is mediated by the impulse system, control system, and problematic smartphone use separately and serially mediated by the impulse system and problematic smartphone use, rather than the control system and problematic smartphone use; these findings extend previous research on the contributing factors of bedtime procrastination and provide an empirical basis for promoting people to form healthy sleep habits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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12 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Demographic Characteristics, Lifestyle Factors and School-Related Conditions and Symptoms of Mental Health Problems in Norwegian Upper Secondary School Students

by Svein Barene, Andreas Ruud-Tronsmoen and Patrick Foss Johansen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159575 - 04 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1812

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and school-related conditions, and symptoms of mental health problems in Norwegian upper secondary school students following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study design we used [...] Read more.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and school-related conditions, and symptoms of mental health problems in Norwegian upper secondary school students following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this cross-sectional study design we used a binary logistic regression model to evaluate potential associations between the predictors and dependent variable. Results: The following six predictors had a statistically significant impact on symptoms of mental health problems; gender effect of being a girl (p < 0.001), self-perceived body image (p < 0.001), sleep problems (p < 0.001), dietary habits (p = 0.033), school satisfaction (p = 0.013), and satisfaction with physical education (PE) class participation (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Being a girl was associated with a 315% higher probability of reporting symptoms of mental health problems than boys, whereas one unit increase in sleep problems showed a 192% higher probability of symptoms of mental health problems. Furthermore, a one unit increase on the respective beneficial predictors’ scales was associated with the following percentage having a lower probability of reporting symptoms of mental health problems; self-perceived body image (59%), dietary habits (58%), school satisfaction (82%), and satisfaction with PE class participation (68%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

13 pages, 762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Food Marketing and Power: Teen-Identified Indicators of Targeted Food Marketing

by Charlene Elliott, Emily Truman and Nikki Stephenson

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7815; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137815 - 25 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2360

Abstract

Food marketing is powerful and prevalent, influencing young people’s food attitudes, preferences, and dietary habits. Teenagers are aggressively targeted by unhealthy food marketing messages across a range of platforms, prompting recognition of the need to monitor such marketing. To monitor, criteria for what [...] Read more.

Food marketing is powerful and prevalent, influencing young people’s food attitudes, preferences, and dietary habits. Teenagers are aggressively targeted by unhealthy food marketing messages across a range of platforms, prompting recognition of the need to monitor such marketing. To monitor, criteria for what counts as teen-targeted food marketing content (i.e., persuasive techniques) must first be established. This exploratory study engaged teenagers to explore the “power” of food marketing by identifying what they consider to be teen-targeted marketing techniques within various food marketing examples. Fifty-four teenagers (ages 13–17) participated in a tagging exercise of 19 pre-selected food/beverage advertisements. Assessed in light of age and gender, the results showed clear consistency with what indicators the participants identified when it comes to selecting “teen-targeted” ads—with advertisements most frequently chosen as “teen-targeted” containing humor (particularly irony) and celebrities. When it comes to specific indicators used by teenagers, visual style dominated, standing as the marketing technique with the most “power” for teenagers. The findings shed much needed insight into the elements of power—and more precisely, the specific marketing techniques persuasive to teenagers—which are necessary to inform monitoring efforts and to create evidence-based policy. Full article

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13 pages, 363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Sectional Study of Ocular Changes in Children and Adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus in Selected Health Facilities in Ghana

by Vera A. Essuman, Naa N. Tagoe, Akye Essuman, Benjamin Abaidoo, Josephine Akpalu, Harold A. Sackey, Charles F. Hayfron-Benjamin, George Asare, Albert G. B. Amoah, Thomas A. Ndanu, Imelda D. B. Ofori-Adjei, Nana A. Barnes, Benedicta L. Appiah-Thompson and Winfried M. Amoaku

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095295 - 27 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2292

Abstract

Background: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), other diabetes-related ocular changes (e.g., cataracts, corneal ulceration), and non-diabetic ocular disease in Ghanaian children and adolescents. The second objective was to evaluate the relationship between these [...] Read more.

Background: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), other diabetes-related ocular changes (e.g., cataracts, corneal ulceration), and non-diabetic ocular disease in Ghanaian children and adolescents. The second objective was to evaluate the relationship between these conditions and age at diagnosis, current age, diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, and participant’s sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study, undertaken by a multidisciplinary team, included a cohort of children and adolescents (4–19 years) with DM recruited from selected health facilities in Ghana, from March 2016 to September 2019, after written informed consent or assent. The cohort will be followed up for 3 years to determine the natural course of the ocular changes, reported later. Participants were examined for all microvascular and macrovascular complications, non-diabetic ocular disease, anthropometric measurements, laboratory characteristics and quality of life issues. Full ocular examination was also undertaken. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25.0) was used for the data analysis. Continuous and categorical variables were presented as mean and standard deviation (SD), median (interquartile range) and as percentages (%), respectively. T-test and Mann–Whitney U test were used in establishing associations. Results: A total of 58 participants were recruited. DR was detected in only 1 out of 58 (1.7%) participants at baseline. Cataracts were the most common ocular finding, detected in 42 (72%) at baseline. Other anterior segment changes observed included blepharitis 46 (79.3%) and tear film instability 38 (65.5%). There was a significant positive association between duration of the DM and the risk of cataract (p = 0.027). Participants’ age at diagnosis was significantly associated with the presence of prominent corneal nerves (p = 0.004). Conclusions: DR was uncommon in this cohort of young persons with DM in Ghana. Cataracts, blepharitis and refractive errors were ocular changes commonly observed. All young persons with diabetes should undergo regular eye examination in all clinics where follow-up care is provided. Full article

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11 pages, 1066 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Salivary IGF and IGF/IGFBP-3 Molar Ratio with Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages from Pre-Adolescent to Post-Adolescent Transition Period—A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

by Abdullah Almalki

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 5172; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095172 - 24 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1691

Abstract

Background: The relevance of growth determination in orthodontics is driving the search for the most precise and least invasive way of tracking the pubertal growth spurt. Objectives: The aim was to explore whether minimally invasive salivary estimation of biomarkers Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) [...] Read more.

Background: The relevance of growth determination in orthodontics is driving the search for the most precise and least invasive way of tracking the pubertal growth spurt. Objectives: The aim was to explore whether minimally invasive salivary estimation of biomarkers Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) could be used to estimate skeletal maturity with diagnostic accuracy, especially in children and adolescent age groups. Subjects and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 105 participants aged 6–25 years from the out-patient Department of Preventive Dental Science at Majmaah University between the period 2 January 2021 and 12 July 2021. Each subject’s lateral cephalogram radiograph was categorized based on skeletal maturity, and saliva samples were estimated for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 using the respective ELISA kits. Two-way ANOVA with interaction was applied to examine the main effects due to cervical vertebral maturation staging (CVS), Sex and interaction effect due to CVS, and Sex on study parameters. Karl Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was calculated for finding a significant association between IGF, IGFBP3, and the IGF-1/IGFBP3 molar ratio. Results: Highest mean salivary IGF-1 was observed in the pubertal peak stage, which coincides with cervical vertebral maturity stages 3 and 4 (CVS3 and CVS4) for both males (2.57 ng/mL) and females (1.57 ng/mL) and the lowest mean level of IGF-1 for females (0.85 ng/mL) and males (1.22 ng/mL) was observed during the prepubertal stage. There exists a significant variation in IGF-1 between males and females in the pubertal stage (p < 0.01), but the difference is very narrow in the prepubertal and post-pubertal groups (p > 0.05). There was no significant interaction effect of different skeletal stages and gender on the IGFBP3 and the IGF-1/IGFBP3 molar ratio (p > 0.05), but there exists a significant interaction effect on IGF-1 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Estimation of the IGF-1 and the IGF-1/IGFBP3 molar ratio in saliva, being a non-invasive biological marker, could serve as an adjunctive tool along with radiographic assessment in estimating growth maturity in the adolescence age group. By initiating orthodontic treatment during the mandibular growth peak in adolescence, a positive outcome is ensured in managing skeletal deformities within the craniofacial complex. Full article

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13 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Self-Medication Perceptions and Practice of Medical and Pharmacy Students in Serbia

by Ana Tomas Petrović, Nebojša Pavlović, Nebojša Stilinović, Nikola Lalović, Milica Paut Kusturica, Tihomir Dugandžija, Dragana Zaklan and Olga Horvat

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031193 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3684

Abstract

Background. Attitudes towards conventional and complementary medicine among future healthcare professionals can impact their future pharmacotherapy practice. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors related to self-medication among medical and pharmacy students. Methods. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed at [...] Read more.

Background. Attitudes towards conventional and complementary medicine among future healthcare professionals can impact their future pharmacotherapy practice. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors related to self-medication among medical and pharmacy students. Methods. This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, on first- and final-year students of medicine and pharmacy. The multivariate Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to identify the main predictors of self-medication. Results. The overall self-medication prevalence in the past year was 81.3%. Independent risk factors for self-medication identified in the regression analysis were the final study year, housing condition, i.e., living in a leased apartment or in a student dormitory in comparison to living with parents, and cigarette consumption. The conventional drugs were the most frequently used, mostly for the symptoms of cold and pain. Final-year students had more confidence in conventional medicines than in herbal drugs and were more aware of the risks of their concomitant use. Conclusion. Self-medication is highly prevalent among students of medical sciences, especially among final-year students. Increased medical knowledge led to the higher awareness of the drug interaction risks. Full article

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10 pages, 332 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Pupils’ Knowledge about Kidney Health

by Theodore Vassilikopoulos, Athena Kalokairinou, Georgia Kourlaba and Eirini Grapsa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12811; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312811 - 04 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1741

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of renal function knowledge of primary school pupils in Greece. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 220 pupils, coming from the 5th and 6th grades of general education schools. [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of renal function knowledge of primary school pupils in Greece. We conducted a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 220 pupils, coming from the 5th and 6th grades of general education schools. A questionnaire consisting of 11 questions was developed from scratch. However, based on an analysis of Cronbach’s alpha values obtained when individual questions were deleted, two questions were removed from the analysis, and only nine remained for analysis and participated in the calculation of the knowledge score. Moreover, the gender and daily habits of pupils regarding water consumption and frequency of urination were recorded. Pupils had a high percentage of correct knowledge about the number of kidneys (95.2%), whether a child may have problems with the kidneys (85.5%) and whether a person can survive with one kidney (68.5%). Low levels of knowledge were observed in the function and role of the kidneys (36.4%), as well as the part of the body where the kidneys are located (30.9%). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) total knowledge score was 6 (5–7), with no difference detected between genders (p = 0.135). A statistically significant difference between pupils of 5th and 6th grades was found but the difference did not seem to be clinically significant (p = 0.035). The present research demonstrates that pupils’ knowledge of renal function and the protection of their kidneys needs improvement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

12 pages, 576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties for the PTSD Checklist of Chinese Adolescents in the Closed Period after the COVID-19 Outbreak

by Wei Chen, Rongfen Gao and Tao Yang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(22), 12245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212245 - 22 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2298

Abstract

After COVID-19 appeared in China in December 2019, the mental health of adolescents, as a vulnerable group in public health emergencies, was negatively affected by the epidemic and the unprecedented prevention and control measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the [...] Read more.

After COVID-19 appeared in China in December 2019, the mental health of adolescents, as a vulnerable group in public health emergencies, was negatively affected by the epidemic and the unprecedented prevention and control measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist (PCL) among Chinese adolescents. A total of 915 participants completed the PTSD. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) and multi-group CFAs were used to test the factor structure and psychometric properties of PTSD. The CFA results showed that five-factor PCL was the optimal fitting model with satisfactory reliability and validity; moreover, it was suggested that the properties of PCL were invariant across gender, PTSD and asymptomatic groups, early and late adolescents, as well as over time. In summary, PCL is applicable among Chinese adolescents and can be used for effective measurement of PTSD caused by epidemics and to conduct cross-group studies. Full article

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16 pages, 428 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Descriptive and Quasi-Experimental Studies about Moral Emotions, Online Empathy, Anger Management, and Their Relations with Key Competencies in Primary Education

by Antonio L. González-Gómez, David P. Farrington and Vicente J. Llorent

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11584; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111584 - 04 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2851

Abstract

Background: Antisocial behaviours make social interactions difficult among students. Moral emotions, online empathy, and anger management are social and emotional variables related to prosocial and antisocial behaviours and health problems. This research aims to assess the impact of Cooperative Project-Based Learning intervention on [...] Read more.

Background: Antisocial behaviours make social interactions difficult among students. Moral emotions, online empathy, and anger management are social and emotional variables related to prosocial and antisocial behaviours and health problems. This research aims to assess the impact of Cooperative Project-Based Learning intervention on these three variables for Primary Education students. Additionally, the relations of these variables with key competencies, such as social and emotional competencies and literacy competence, were studied. Method: This research is made up of two studies, descriptive and quasi-experimental, during regular school hours. The descriptive study was carried out with a sample of 516 primary school students and aimed to assess the development of the three variables, taking into account personal and ethnic-cultural factors. The quasi-experimental study, with pre-test and post-test data, had the participation of 145 students to study the incidence of these variables after Cooperative Project-Based Learning intervention in Primary Education. Results: The results show the relation among the cited variables and the positive impact of the intervention on moral emotions and anger management in the experimental group compared to the control group. Experimental group girls presented higher scores in moral emotions than control group girls. Conclusion: These results open new research lines in relation to the intervention as a programme to prevent the appearance of antisocial behaviours and health problems at school. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

11 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Alienation in Physical Education Classes, School Happiness, and Expectations of a Future Healthy Life after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korean Adolescents

by Seung-Man Lee, Jung-In Yoo and Hyun-Su Youn

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(20), 10981; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010981 - 19 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2319

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the changes in the structural relationship between alienation in physical education (PE) classes, school happiness, and future healthy life expectations in Korean adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from Korean adolescents using different scales. The [...] Read more.

This study aims to investigate the changes in the structural relationship between alienation in physical education (PE) classes, school happiness, and future healthy life expectations in Korean adolescents after the COVID-19 pandemic. The data were collected from Korean adolescents using different scales. The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, independent t test, and path analysis. The key results were: First, there were partial changes in each of the parameters since the outbreak of COVID-19. Second, before the pandemic, alienation in PE classes negatively affected school happiness, and school happiness positively affected expectations of a future healthy life; however, alienation in PE classes did not affect the expectations of a future healthy life, showing a complete mediating effect. Third, during the pandemic, alienation in PE classes negatively affected school happiness, and school happiness positively affected the expectations of a future healthy life; alienation in PE classes negatively affected the expectations of a future healthy life, showing a partial mediating effect. These findings emphasize the importance and potential of school education, especially PE, in promoting happiness and healthy lives in adolescents. We expect these findings to have practical implications for future research by presenting theoretical and empirical data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

13 pages, 3446 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Setting Criterion for Adolescent Circuit Exercise Program

by Yeon-Oh Han, Byung-Sun Lee and Seon-Yeong Shin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 9996; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199996 - 23 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1855

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for an adolescent circuit exercise program. The subjects of this study were 5268 middle- and high-school students. It consisted of three types of circuit exercise programs which were conducted in the physical education class. [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to develop criteria for an adolescent circuit exercise program. The subjects of this study were 5268 middle- and high-school students. It consisted of three types of circuit exercise programs which were conducted in the physical education class. In the result of this study, we have found two significant finding. First, there were statistically significant differences by grade level and gender in three types of circuit exercise programs. Second, in order to improve the utilization rate and convenience of various adolescents’ physical activity environments and the field of school physical education, the gender of each circuit exercise program was classified and the five-grade evaluation criteria were presented. The criteria for circuit exercise program developed in this study will be utilized for various youth physical activities to contribute to improving health and physical fitness. In addition, physical education teachers are expected to use this criteria as a standard for evaluating the physical fitness level of adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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14 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Viewpoints of Undergraduate University Students towards Self-Medication: An Institution-Based Study in Riyadh

by Basheerahmed Abdulaziz Mannasaheb, Mohammed Jaber Al-Yamani, Sarah Abdulrahman Alajlan, Lamyaa Munahi Alqahtani, Shrouq Eid Alsuhimi, Razan Ibrahim Almuzaini, Abeer Fahad Albaqawi and Zahaa Majed Alshareef

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8545; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168545 - 12 Aug 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4125

Abstract

Rational and responsible self-medication (SM) is not only the key to better health outcomes, but also key to limiting adverse drug events. This institution-based cross-sectional study utilized seven- and four-item scales to assess the knowledge and attitude towards SM. Similarly, SM practices were [...] Read more.

Rational and responsible self-medication (SM) is not only the key to better health outcomes, but also key to limiting adverse drug events. This institution-based cross-sectional study utilized seven- and four-item scales to assess the knowledge and attitude towards SM. Similarly, SM practices were measured using eight scale questions consisting of SM practice during the last six months, type of drug consumed, reason and frequency of SM, and so on. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Overall, 371 students completed the questionnaire. The students with a good level of knowledge and positive attitude towards SM were 60.64% and 66.8%, respectively. About 55.5% of students practiced SM during the last six months using antipyretics (37.7%), multivitamins (36.4%), sleeping aids (20.2%), and anti-histamines (18.6%). Headache (79.2%), fever (37.7%), pain (25.9%), and colds and coughs (25.3%) were the illnesses for which they sought SM. The students admitted that drug side effects (75%), drug resistance (33.7%), drug interaction (41.5%), and poor treatment outcome (28.3%) were the consequences of irrational SM practice. Students (87.6%) propose that extending SM awareness through the Ministry of Health (83%) and pharmaceutical companies (48%) as major platforms would improvise the rational practice. Since AlMaarefa University students will be future healthcare professionals, their perception must be considered and accordingly educated to practice rational SM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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10 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Health Awareness in South Korean Middle School Students According to Type of Online Physical Education Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Jung-In Yoo, Joung-Kyue Han, Hyun-Su Youn and Joo-Hyug Jung

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 7937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157937 - 27 Jul 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2862

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 popularized online classes to prevent educational deficits affected by the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the differences in the importance and performance of health awareness in Korean middle school students according to the types of online physical education classes [...] Read more.

Coronavirus disease 2019 popularized online classes to prevent educational deficits affected by the pandemic. This study aimed to assess the differences in the importance and performance of health awareness in Korean middle school students according to the types of online physical education classes they attended during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Overall, 583 participants were selected using a convenience sampling method; the data were obtained through an online survey using Google forms. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, and importance–performance analysis were performed. First, the differences between importance and performance were found to be the most for sleep and physical activity management, and the least for disease and hygiene management. In addition, both groups demonstrated higher importance and performance for hygiene and disease management. There were significant differences in the importance and performance of all the sub-factors. Second, hygiene, disease management, and mental health management were found in quadrant I in both groups, while physical activity, sleep, and dietary habit management were in quadrant III. No factors were in quadrants II and IV. Correspondingly, there was no significant difference in adolescents’ health awareness between the assignment-based online group and interactive online group. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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12 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Male Adolescents’ Physical Fitness Using Physical Activity Promotion System and Circuit Exercise Program

by Byung-Sun Lee, Seon-Yeong Shin and Yeon-Oh Han

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7519; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147519 - 15 Jul 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3016

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical fitness level of adolescents through a physical fitness assessment and a circuit exercise program. A total of 142 middle school students participated. Physical education class consists of a physical fitness assessment, namely, physical [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical fitness level of adolescents through a physical fitness assessment and a circuit exercise program. A total of 142 middle school students participated. Physical education class consists of a physical fitness assessment, namely, physical activity promotion system (PAPS), and a circuit exercise program. The PAPS measurements include endurance, flexibility, strength, power, body mass index, and total score. The circuit exercise program consists of twist spine, hand walking, rolling squat, cross knee up, jumping and squat, and level-up pacer. First, there were significant differences in PAPS and circuit exercise program according to grade. Second, there was a significant difference in the results of the circuit exercise program according to the level of each physical fitness variable of PAPS. Third, significant correlations were found in the results of the PAPS and circuit exercise program. The use of a circuit exercise program to measure fitness for adolescents can offer convenience for school physical education and be of value as a measure of physical fitness for adolescents. In addition, the circulatory exercise programs used in this study are thought to be applicable to exercise prescriptions to improve endurance, strength, and BMI. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

0 pages, 2957 KiB

Open AccessReview

Role of Maternal Diet in the Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Jessica Blanco-Lopez, Isabel Iguacel, Silvia Pisanu, Claudia Choma Bettega Almeida, Eva Steliarova-Foucher, Ciska Sierens, Marc J. Gunter, Elena J. Ladas, Ronald D. Barr, Koen Van Herck and Inge Huybrechts

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5428; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075428 - 06 Apr 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2875

Abstract

Many studies have investigated the etiology of acute leukemia, one of the most common types of cancer in children; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding preventable risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the [...] Read more.

Many studies have investigated the etiology of acute leukemia, one of the most common types of cancer in children; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding preventable risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of maternal dietary factors in the development of childhood leukemia. All epidemiological studies published until July 2022 that evaluated maternal dietary risk factors for childhood acute leukemia were identified in two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) without limits of publication year or language. A total of 36 studies (1 prospective cohort study, 32 case-control studies and 3 studies with pooled analysis) were included. The published risk estimates were combined into a meta-analysis, using the Generic Inverse Variance method. The maternal consumption of fruits (two or more daily servings vs. less) was inversely associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.86), whereas maternal coffee intake (higher than two cups per day vs. no consumption) was associated with an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12–1.89). Despite these findings, more high-quality research from cohort studies and the identification of causal factors are needed to develop evidence-based and cost-effective prevention strategies applicable at the population level. Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019128937. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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14 pages, 1327 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Adolescence as a Critical Lifecourse Period to Break the Transgenerational Cycle of NCDs—A Narrative Review

by Melenaite Tohi, Jacquie Lindsay Bay, Siobhan Tu’akoi and Mark Hedley Vickers

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(10), 6024; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106024 - 16 May 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4666

Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, represent a significant and growing global health burden. To date, a primary focus has been on treatment approaches to NCDs once manifested rather than strategies aimed at prevention. In this context, there is [...] Read more.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, represent a significant and growing global health burden. To date, a primary focus has been on treatment approaches to NCDs once manifested rather than strategies aimed at prevention. In this context, there is clear evidence that a range of adverse early life exposures can predispose individuals towards a greater risk of developing NCDs across the lifecourse. These risk factors can be passed to future generations, thus perpetuating a cycle of disease. This concept, preferentially termed “developmental programming”, forms the basis of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework. To date, DOHaD has focused on preconception, pregnancy, lactation and, more recently, paternal health at the time of conception. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that investment in the window of adolescence is perhaps the most critical developmental window. Adolescence is a period where lifestyle behaviours become entrained. Therefore, a focus on adolescent behaviours, health literacy and emotional development may afford the best opportunity to break the cycle of NCDs. As the next generation of parents, adolescents should therefore be considered a priority group in advancing appropriate and informed actions aimed at reducing NCD risk factors across the lifecourse. This advancement requires a more comprehensive community understanding and uptake of DOHaD knowledge and concepts. NCD prevention strategies have typically entailed siloed (and often disease-specific) approaches with limited efficacy in curbing NCD prevalence and breaking the transgenerational transmission of disease traits. Recent findings across various disciplines have highlighted that a lifecourse systems approach is required to establish a comprehensive and sustainable framework for NCD intervention. A whole community approach with a particular focus on adolescents as potential agents of change is necessary to break the disease cycle. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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15 pages, 515 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evaluation of the Effects of Telepsychotherapy in the Treatment and Prevention of Eating Disorders in Adolescents

by Marilena Maglia, Graziana Corello and Pasquale Caponnetto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12573; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312573 - 29 Nov 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6247

Abstract

According to the WHO definition, “telemedicine is the provision of health services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health professionals who use information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, research [...] Read more.

According to the WHO definition, “telemedicine is the provision of health services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health professionals who use information and communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, research and evaluation, and for the continuous training of health professionals, all in the interest of advancing the health of individuals and their communities”. The purpose of our review work is specifically to investigate the effects of telemedicine in the treatment and prevention of eating disorders in adolescents. From June 2021 to (September 2021) in the databases of the Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL, using search terms such as telehealth, eating disorder, adolescents, Internet/online treatments CBT and FB-T, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The articles resulting from the search phases in the databases listed above produced a total of 176 items. Once the procedures for selecting the works were completed, only four studies were included in the review. Modern e-health psychological approaches in the treatment of eating disorders provide potential bases of continuous assistance that are decidedly less burdensome in the costs of territorial services in the case that they are not identified as necessary. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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14 pages, 1040 KiB

Open AccessReview

In Vitro Recapitulation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders with Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Brain Organoids

by Maisumu Gulimiheranmu, Shuang Li and Junmei Zhou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(23), 12431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312431 - 26 Nov 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2424

Abstract

Adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders have been recently increasing due to genetic and environmental influences. Abnormal brain development before and after birth contribute to the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is difficult to experimentally investigate because of the complexity of brain and ethical constraints. [...] Read more.

Adolescent neuropsychiatric disorders have been recently increasing due to genetic and environmental influences. Abnormal brain development before and after birth contribute to the pathology of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, it is difficult to experimentally investigate because of the complexity of brain and ethical constraints. Recently generated human brain organoids from pluripotent stem cells are considered as a promising in vitro model to recapitulate brain development and diseases. To better understand how brain organoids could be applied to investigate neuropsychiatric disorders, we analyzed the key consideration points, including how to generate brain organoids from pluripotent stem cells, the current application of brain organoids in recapitulating neuropsychiatric disorders and the future perspectives. This review covered what have been achieved on modeling the cellular and neural circuit deficits of neuropsychiatric disorders and those challenges yet to be solved. Together, this review aims to provide a fundamental understanding of how to generate brain organoids to model neuropsychiatric disorders, which will be helpful in improving the mental health of adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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28 pages, 771 KiB

Open AccessReview

Neighborhood-Level Influences and Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

by Stephanie Wiafe, Ariana Mihan and Colleen M. Davison

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7637; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147637 - 18 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3487

Abstract

The impact of neighborhoods on adolescent engagement in health-risk behaviors (HRBs), such as substance use and sexual activity, has been well documented in high-income countries; however, evidence from low and middle-income country settings is limited, particularly in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Neighborhoods and [...] Read more.

The impact of neighborhoods on adolescent engagement in health-risk behaviors (HRBs), such as substance use and sexual activity, has been well documented in high-income countries; however, evidence from low and middle-income country settings is limited, particularly in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Neighborhoods and communities in SSA continue to experience urbanization, epidemiologic transition, and the simultaneous presence of large populations living in rurality and urbanicity. This is a dynamic context for exploring adolescent health challenges. This review seeks to identify and summarize existing literature that investigates adolescent engagement in HRBs when compared across rural and urban neighborhoods across SSA. We performed searches using three electronic databases, targeted grey literature searches and scanned reference lists of included studies. Following dual-screening, our search yielded 23 relevant studies that met all inclusion criteria. These were categorized into six broad themes including studies on: (1) sexual risk taking, (2) injury-related, (3) violence, (4) eating and/or exercise-related, (5) substance use, and (6) personal hygiene. We found that neighborhood factors relating to accessibility and availability of health information and care impacted adolescent engagement in HRBs in rural and urban areas. Urbanization of areas of SSA plays a role in differences in engagement in HRBs between rural and urban dwelling adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promoting Health for Adolescents)

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