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Special Issue "Sleep Disordered Breathing and Oral Health"

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Dear Colleagues

A Special Issue on "Sleep Disordered Breathing and Oral Health" is being organized in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. For detailed information on the journal, I refer you to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph.

Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) comprises a group of diseases ranging from snoring to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), characterized by alterations in the frequency and/or depth of breathing during sleep. General population-based studies on the prevalence of SDB reported that 24 to 47% male and 9 to 30% female had SDB. It can affect children or adult at any age. The pediatric individuals with sleep disorders present hyperactivity, restlessness, lack of attention, loss of appetite and irritability. If left untreated, SDB in development age could be responsible to significant morbidity leading to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular consequences, and growth failure. The negative impact of SDB may not simply be confined to the short-term wellness and development during childhood but may continue adversely affecting during the long-term development in adulthood.

There are many risk factors that can lead to a reduction or collapse of upper airways and which may contribute to the pathogenesis of SDB.

Prevention and early treatment of risk factors are the right approach in order to avoid complications in adult life.

This Special Issue is open to the subject area of health care and SDB.

The keywords listed below provide an outline of some of the possible areas of interest.

https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/special_issues/drinking_water

Dr. Giuseppina Laganà
Guest Editor

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Keywords

pediatric sleep apnea
sleep breathing
adenotonsillar hypertrophy
bruxism
snoring
oral breathing
CPAP
mandibular advancement
nasal resistance
sleep medicine

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Friedman Tongue Position and the Anthropometric Parameters in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Observational Study

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3255; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043255 - 13 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a relevant public health problem; dentists can play an important role in screening patients with sleep disorders by using validated tools and referring patients to a specialist, thereby promoting an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the study is to identify if the OSAS severity, measured by the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and some anthropometric measurements are associated with the Friedman Tongue Position (FTP) within a population with dysmetabolic comorbidities. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing information about clinical data including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and FTP was administered. The AHI value was measured by means of an unattended home polysomnography device. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, and Kruskal–Wallis, Kolmogorov–Smirnov (both nonparametric) and independence tests were performed to probe the possible relationships. The significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 357 subjects were analyzed. The association between the FTP and AHI was not statistically significant. On the contrary, the AHI showed a positive correlation with BMI and neck circumference. A statistically significant association between the number of subjects with a larger neck and an increasing FTP class was found. BMI, neck, hip and waist circumference was associated with the FTP scale. Conclusions: although the FTP was not directly associated with OSAS severity, there was also evidence that an FTP increase is associated with an increase in the considered anthropometric parameters, and FTP can be a clinical tool used in the assessment of risk for OSAS risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disordered Breathing and Oral Health)

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Open AccessArticle

Saliva Analysis of pH and Antioxidant Capacity in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients

and

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13219; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013219 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1001

Abstract

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with and activates the stress response system, and variation in the physiological antioxidant capacity of body fluids. Our aim was to evaluate the variation of pH and antioxidant capacity on the saliva of obstructive sleep apnea subjects (OG) compared to a control group (CG). Method: Fifty subjects with moderate/severe OSAS were recruited in Tor Vergata Hospital and compared with 20 healthy subjects CG. The buffer and the antioxidant capacity of the samples were quantified measuring the pH and the percentage of total salivary antioxidant capacity (%TAC), which refers to the reduced glutathione salivary concentration (GSH). Moreover, the protein concentration and the gelatinolytic activity of metalloproteinases were quantified. Results: The data showed that the pH value is slightly more alkaline in OSAS subjects; however, it is not directly related to the severity of OSAS. The %TAC was found to be significantly reduced by 86.2% in the OG. Proteins of saliva from the OG were found 1.5 times more concentrated than in the healthy sample. The gelatinolytic activity of metalloproteinases of healthy and OSA did not show statistically significant changes. Conclusions: The salivary samples from OSAS compared to CG show an alteration of the oxidative state, the pH buffering power, and protein concentrations, inducing conditions that can easily evolve chronic gingivitis. Further investigations are necessary to evaluate the feasibility of using salivary fluid for the early diagnosis of oral or systemic problems in OSAS subjects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Disordered Breathing and Oral Health)

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