Research

19 pages, 724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Expert Caregiver Intervention Targeting Former Caregivers in Finland: A Co-Design and Feasibility Study Using Mixed Methods

by Sarah Åkerman, Fredrica Nyqvist, Laura Coll-Planas and Annika Wentjärvi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910133 - 27 Sep 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2846

Abstract

Informal caregivers face risks of social isolation. Given the high prevalence of informal caregivers in Europe, a considerable proportion of the population are also former caregivers. The Finnish Expert Caregiver intervention sought to train former caregivers to become volunteers aiming to support current [...] Read more.

Informal caregivers face risks of social isolation. Given the high prevalence of informal caregivers in Europe, a considerable proportion of the population are also former caregivers. The Finnish Expert Caregiver intervention sought to train former caregivers to become volunteers aiming to support current caregivers through mainly peer support. The aims of this mixed method non-controlled exploratory intervention study were to assess the feasibility of the Finnish Expert Caregiver intervention by co-designing and implementing the intervention, and by assessing demand and practicality with special attention to the impact of COVID-19. The findings imply that the intervention was feasible as it resulted in a co-designed training course consisting of 30 h with 25 participants enrolling and 19 of them trying volunteering activities. The participants reported high scores on well-being at all timepoints of study, however, without statistically significant differences. The analysis of the focus group interviews revealed that the Expert Caregivers experienced the intervention as meaningful and offered them a sense of belonging with the other participants. Apart from using their caregiving past as an asset, the participants also took advantage of other personal skills and resources. Risks of adverse effects were related to the participants’ expectations on their own contribution, demanding peer support recipients, poorly functioning peer support groups, and insufficient distance to one’s caregiving past. The participants stressed the need for continuing support from intervention facilitators. Future studies with larger samples should investigate whether the effects differ between subgroups of participants and explore the perspective of the peer support recipients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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9 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Use and Significance of Nursing Diagnosis in Hospital Emergencies: A Phenomenological Approach

by Jose Miguel Cachón-Pérez, Purificación Gonzalez-Villanueva, Marta Rodriguez-Garcia, Oscar Oliva-Fernandez, Esther Garcia-Garcia and Juan Carlos Fernandez-Gonzalo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(18), 9786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189786 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2679

Abstract

Background: Professional nursing organizations recommend the use of nursing diagnosis to enhance and facilitate the standardization of care and the development of a common language used by nursing practitioners. In the clinical reality of hospital emergency departments, however, its use is controversial. The [...] Read more.

Background: Professional nursing organizations recommend the use of nursing diagnosis to enhance and facilitate the standardization of care and the development of a common language used by nursing practitioners. In the clinical reality of hospital emergency departments, however, its use is controversial. The objectives of the research are (a) to explore the use of nursing diagnosis in hospital emergency departments, and (b) to describe the meaning of nursing diagnosis for hospital emergency nurses. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted. A purposeful sampling and snowball technique were used. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, researchers’ field notes, and documental analysis. An inductive analysis based on Giorgi´s proposal was used to identify significant emerging themes from interviews and field notes. Seventeen participants with a mean age of 40 were recruited. Results: Three themes were identified. The results showed how the use of nursing diagnosis in hospital emergency departments depends on nurses to apply a working methodology in their practice, along with other dimensions such as the characteristics of emergency care, the type of health problems, and the complexity of care. Conclusions: The use of standardized language in emergency departments is complex due to the overcrowded nature of care in these settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

13 pages, 439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Barriers and Facilitators of Breast Cancer Screening amongst Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Women in South Western Sydney: A Qualitative Explorative Study

by Javeria Jamal, Freya MacMillan and Kate A. McBride

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9129; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179129 - 30 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3382

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer amongst Australian women and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite the proven effectiveness of early intervention, screening rates remain subpar across many regions in New South Wales (NSW). Screening rates are [...] Read more.

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer amongst Australian women and the second most common cause of cancer mortality. Despite the proven effectiveness of early intervention, screening rates remain subpar across many regions in New South Wales (NSW). Screening rates are particularly low within the culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) area of South Western Sydney (SWS). The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore barriers and facilitators to breast screening from the perspectives of CALD women from SWS. CALD women aged ≥40 who resided in SWS were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview to explore barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify recurring patterns in the data. Sixteen women from CALD backgrounds participated. Women in this study reported absence of symptoms, fatalistic beliefs and embarrassment during the procedure to be the primary reasons for reluctance to screen. Lack of general practitioner (GP) endorsement, transport issues and pain associated with the procedure were also reported as additional barriers to screening. Common facilitators to screening included encouragement from family and friends, family history of cancer and media adverts. CALD women have distinctive barriers to mammography, which lead to poor breast screening participation rates. Opportunistic health promotion in this area is warranted and may lead to better health outcomes amongst this population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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21 pages, 7886 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Realist Evaluation to Understand Process Outcomes in a COVID-19-Impacted Yoga Intervention Trial: A Worked Example

by Abby Haynes, Heidi Gilchrist, Juliana S. Oliveira and Anne Tiedemann

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179065 - 27 Aug 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3690

Abstract

Realist evaluation offers a valuable way to understand how interventions function and thus how they can be improved and locally adapted. Consequently, realist evaluation is increasingly conducted in parallel with intervention trials. It comprises a clear philosophical foundation and view of causality, pragmatic [...] Read more.

Realist evaluation offers a valuable way to understand how interventions function and thus how they can be improved and locally adapted. Consequently, realist evaluation is increasingly conducted in parallel with intervention trials. It comprises a clear philosophical foundation and view of causality, pragmatic mixed data collection methods, and a theory-driven approach in which hypothesised program theories are tested and refined. However, detailed methods for data analysis are seldom well-described in realist studies and no clear method for analysing and presenting realist evaluation data has yet emerged. In this methodological paper we use the worked example of our realist process evaluation of the SAGE yoga trial to illustrate an applied process of data analysis and presentation of findings. We show how we drew on other realist studies for ideas, provide examples of six key tasks involved in conducting a realist process evaluation (including coding data and structuring results) and describe strategies that did not work and our rationale for rejecting them. This detailed account of the decisions and methods that worked for us is intended to provide a practical and informed point of departure for researchers conducting a realist evaluation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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23 pages, 1433 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Addressing Gaps for Health Systems Strengthening: A Public Perspective on Health Systems’ Response towards COVID-19

by Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali, Weng Hong Fun, Munirah Ismail, Rui Jie Ng, Faeiz Syezri Adzmin Jaaffar and Lee Lan Low

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9047; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179047 - 27 Aug 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4345

Abstract

Strengthening the health systems through gaps identification is necessary to ensure sustainable improvements especially in facing a debilitating outbreak such as COVID-19. This study aims to explore public perspective on health systems’ response towards COVID-19, and to identify gaps for health systems strengthening [...] Read more.

Strengthening the health systems through gaps identification is necessary to ensure sustainable improvements especially in facing a debilitating outbreak such as COVID-19. This study aims to explore public perspective on health systems’ response towards COVID-19, and to identify gaps for health systems strengthening by leveraging on WHO health systems’ building blocks. A qualitative study was conducted using open-ended questions survey among public followed by in-depth interviews with key informants. Opinions on Malaysia’s health systems response towards COVID-19 were gathered. Data were exported to NVIVO version 12 and analysed using content analysis approach. The study identified various issues on health systems’ response towards COVID-19, which were then mapped into health systems’ building blocks. The study showed the gaps were embedded among complex interactions between the health systems building blocks. The leadership and governance building block had cross-cutting effects, and all building blocks influenced service deliveries. Understanding the complexities in fostering whole-systems strengthening through a holistic measure in facing an outbreak was paramount. Applying systems thinking in addressing gaps could help addressing the complexity at a macro level, including consideration of how an action implicates other building blocks and approaching the governance effort in a more adaptive manner to develop resilient systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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11 pages, 325 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Real-Time Effects of Payer Restrictions on Reproductive Healthcare: A Qualitative Analysis of Cost-Related Barriers and Their Consequences among U.S. Abortion Seekers on Reddit

by Jenny A. Higgins, Madison Lands, Taryn M. Valley, Emma Carpenter and Laura Jacques

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9013; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179013 - 26 Aug 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 7602

Abstract

Objective: The Hyde Amendment and related policies limit or prohibit Medicaid coverage of abortion services in the United States. Most research on cost-related abortion barriers relies on clinic-based samples, but people who desire abortions may never make it to a healthcare center. To [...] Read more.

Objective: The Hyde Amendment and related policies limit or prohibit Medicaid coverage of abortion services in the United States. Most research on cost-related abortion barriers relies on clinic-based samples, but people who desire abortions may never make it to a healthcare center. To examine a novel, pre-abortion population, we analyzed a unique qualitative dataset of posts from Reddit, a widely used social media platform increasingly leveraged by researchers, to assess financial obstacles among anonymous posters considering abortion. Methods: In February 2020, we used Python to web-scrape the 250 most recent posts that mentioned abortion, removing all identifying information and usernames. After transferring all posts into NVivo, a qualitative software package, the team identified all datapoints related to cost. Three qualitatively trained evaluators established and applied codes, reaching saturation after 194 posts. The research team used a descriptive qualitative approach, using both inductive and deductive elements, to identify and analyze themes related to financial barriers. Results: We documented multiple cost-related deterrents, including lack of funds for both the procedure and attendant travel costs, inability to afford desired abortion modality (i.e., medication or surgical), and for some, consideration of self-managed abortion options due to cost barriers. Conclusions: Findings from this study underscore the centrality of cost barriers and third-party payer restrictions to stymying reproductive health access in the United States. Results may contribute to the growing evidence base and building political momentum focused on repealing the Hyde Amendment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

14 pages, 715 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Living with the Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Treatment: A Descriptive Qualitative Study

by Hye Chong Hong, Ari Min and Sungkyoung Choi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168392 - 08 Aug 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2500

Abstract

Long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) may experience physical, social, and emotional struggles posttreatment. Our aim was to explore the experiences of CCS dealing with the late effects of cancer treatment from their own perspectives. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design to explore [...] Read more.

Long-term childhood cancer survivors (CCS) may experience physical, social, and emotional struggles posttreatment. Our aim was to explore the experiences of CCS dealing with the late effects of cancer treatment from their own perspectives. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design to explore and describe the experience of dealing with late effects among CCS. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 CCS in Korea. Participants were selected by purposive and snowball sampling and individually interviewed during the period from September to November 2020. Conventional content analysis was used to analyze data and identify themes. Two main themes and seven subthemes emerged. The two main themes were: “Things I encountered while crossing a bridge” and “Living as a survivor”. The participants reported both positive and negative experiences with dealing with the late effects of cancer treatment. The main themes indicated that late effects exert significant impacts on the lives of CCS in both positive and negative ways. Healthcare providers and researchers should pay attention to early intervention needs of CCS and their support systems to strengthen their positive experiences in dealing with late effects during their survivorships. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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18 pages, 1341 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Understanding the Life, Pain, and Barriers to Physical Activity in Korean Patients with Panic Disorder: Photovoice Inquiry

by Kyung-O Kim, Jae-Hyeong Ryu, Hae-Ryong Chung, Marcia K. Butler and Deborah Gritzmacher

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 8140; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158140 - 31 Jul 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1821

Abstract

Purpose: This study attempted to understand the life, pain, and barriers to physical activity in the daily life of patients with panic disorder (PD). It aimed to provide specific evidence to promote physical activity for patients, suggesting that suitable physical activity strategies for [...] Read more.

Purpose: This study attempted to understand the life, pain, and barriers to physical activity in the daily life of patients with panic disorder (PD). It aimed to provide specific evidence to promote physical activity for patients, suggesting that suitable physical activity strategies for patients with PD would be of value. Methods: Seven patients were invited to participate in a photovoice study. Photovoice is one example of participatory action research. Results: This study inductively identified two main themes: the life and pain of patients with PD and perceived barriers to participate in physical activity by patients with panic disorder. Conclusion: Based on a specific understanding of the population, this study attempted to provide evidence why patients with panic disorder need appropriate physical-activity-promoting strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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15 pages, 13410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiple Gestations and Assisted Reproductive Technologies: Qualitative Study of the Discourse of Health Professionals in Spain

by Estefanía Jurado-García, Alicia Botello-Hermosa, Francisco Javier Fernández-Carrasco, Juan Gómez-Salgado, Nazaret Navas-Rojano and Rosa Casado-Mejía

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(11), 6031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116031 - 03 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2634

Abstract

Multiple gestations have become an increasing phenomenon that has impacted public health globally, largely due to the application of assisted reproductive technologies. The objective of this work was to find out the discourse that the health professionals involved in its follow-up have in [...] Read more.

Multiple gestations have become an increasing phenomenon that has impacted public health globally, largely due to the application of assisted reproductive technologies. The objective of this work was to find out the discourse that the health professionals involved in its follow-up have in our context. For this, a qualitative methodology was chosen, with semi-structured interviews recorded in audio, prior authorisation, and transcribed verbatim. It was based on a script designed for this purpose, with the following analysis categories: the current trend of multiple gestations, impact, and follow-up. The content analysis was based on the experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of the professionals interviewed. Professionals stated that the current socioeconomic and legal context hinders a single embryo transfer policy that decreases multiple gestation rates. They emphasised the importance of the psychic impact of such gestations on the couple, on the mother in particular, as well as the economic effect on families, health, and society in general. They expressed the need to create specific protocols to assist these gestations. Midwives, in particular, demanded that the health administration recognise and support the differentiated care they perform with this type of gestation. Work on specific models is needed to adequately size the impact of multiple gestations, as well as to generate social health policies that lead to co-responsible reconciliation measures that favour women having one pregnancy at a time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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11 pages, 460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Upgrading Nursing Students’ Foreign Language and Communication Skills: A Qualitative Inquiry of the Afterschool Enhancement Programmes

by Luis Miguel Dos Santos

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(10), 5112; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105112 - 12 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2301

Abstract

Learning a foreign language is not easy for many students, particularly for nursing students who need to complete their internships in the hospital. However, motivation always drives them to the foreign language classrooms. The purpose of this study was to understand the motivations [...] Read more.

Learning a foreign language is not easy for many students, particularly for nursing students who need to complete their internships in the hospital. However, motivation always drives them to the foreign language classrooms. The purpose of this study was to understand the motivations and reasons behind why these nursing students decided to study Mandarin Chinese as part of their personal development and enhancement beyond the curriculum. One main question and one sub-research question were written, why would nursing students decide to take Chinese as the tool for foreign language and culture development? What and why are the reasons and motivations for nursing students to take Chinese beyond their curriculum? The qualitative case study method was employed in order to investigate 36 nursing university students in the United Kingdom. The results of this study concluded that nursing students tend to study Chinese due to personal development and career goals. School leaders, department heads, government leaders, policymakers, human resources professionals, vocational trainers, and researchers may take this study as the opportunity to reform their current human resource and education plans to offer foreign language courses to university students, members of the public, learners, and interested parties for both personal development and career enhancements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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12 pages, 375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Concepts, Beliefs, and Traditional Treatment for Childhood Seizures in a Quilombola Community in Northeastern Brazil: Analysis by the Discourse of the Collective Speech

by Izabel Cristina Santiago Lemos de Beltrão, Yasmin Ventura Andrade Carneiro, Gyllyandeson de Araújo Delmondes, Luiz de Beltrão Lima Junior and Marta Regina Kerntopf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041875 - 15 Feb 2021

Viewed by 2007

Abstract

Background: Non-pharmacological therapy related to traditional, magical, and/or religious treatments for managing recurrent and non-recurrent seizures in children persists in several traditional communities. The research aims to investigate the concepts, beliefs, and types of traditional treatments used for cases of seizures in children [...] Read more.

Background: Non-pharmacological therapy related to traditional, magical, and/or religious treatments for managing recurrent and non-recurrent seizures in children persists in several traditional communities. The research aims to investigate the concepts, beliefs, and types of traditional treatments used for cases of seizures in children reported by residents of a quilombola community. Methods: The research took place in the quilombo community Sítio Arruda, Ceará, northeastern Brazil. The study population consisted of 19 participants, including healers, prayers, and midwives. Applied a socioeconomic form and a semi-structured interview script. For data analysis, the Discourse of the Collective Speech (DCS) technique was used. Results: For the questions asked, a total of 14 central ideas were found. The most prevalent was seizure is the most common type of disease in children (50.0%); The seizure occurs because of the fever (42.0%); In the community, we treat and prevent seizures with the use of plants (63.2%). Conclusions: The present study’s results addressed relevant issues that include valuing and understanding the traditional knowledge of the community, access to health services, and the need for clarification actions about seizures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

12 pages, 1078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Participatory Action Research Applied to an Ear, Nose, and Throat Specialty Service Redesign in Remote Australia: A Mixed-Methods Study of Key Stakeholder Perspectives

by Susan P. Jacups, Irina Kinchin and Layla Edwards

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010167 - 29 Dec 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2312

Abstract

This mixed-methods study reports on the key stakeholders’ perspectives on the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) service redesign in remote Australia, using a participatory action research (PAR) approach. A primary health care (PHC) clinician survey was conducted to assess local needs and possible [...] Read more.

This mixed-methods study reports on the key stakeholders’ perspectives on the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) service redesign in remote Australia, using a participatory action research (PAR) approach. A primary health care (PHC) clinician survey was conducted to assess local needs and possible educational gaps in clinical knowledge. This was followed by an internal stakeholder forum and a follow-up survey with Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service staff to gain their perspectives on current service delivery and table ideas for a new ENT health service model. Qualitative data were analyzed inductively and grouped in emerging themes. Quantitative data were imported into tables and analyzed descriptively. PAR allowed for input from 19 PHC clinicians, 10 face-to-face stakeholders perspectives, and 18 stakeholder follow-up survey respondents. Four themes emerged: 1. Training for health workers in ENT management; 2. Improved local service access; 3. New referral pathways to improve continuity of care; and 4. Introduction of telehealth. PAR engaged key stakeholders, identifying gaps in ENT service delivery, and guided the development of the new service model. The inclusion of stakeholders throughout the service redesign process is likely to create a more sustainable model of care which already has local “buy-in”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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17 pages, 1102 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emotional Experience and Feelings during First COVID-19 Outbreak Perceived by Physical Therapists: A Qualitative Study in Madrid, Spain

by Domingo Palacios-Ceña, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Lidiane L. Florencio, Ana I. de-la-Llave-Rincón and María Palacios-Ceña

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010127 - 27 Dec 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5566

Abstract

Knowing the experiences and feelings of health professionals who have actively worked on the first-line during the first COVID-19 outbreak could help for identifying specific professional duties focused on health assistance objectives. No qualitative study has been published describing the emotion/feelings of physical [...] Read more.

Knowing the experiences and feelings of health professionals who have actively worked on the first-line during the first COVID-19 outbreak could help for identifying specific professional duties focused on health assistance objectives. No qualitative study has been published describing the emotion/feelings of physical therapists during the first COVID-19 outbreak. This study describes and explores the emotional experiences and feelings of thirty physical therapists working at the first-line at eleven public health hospitals in Madrid (Spain) during the first COVID-19 outbreak (March–May 2020). A qualitative exploratory study was conducted based on an interpretive framework. Participants were recruited by purposeful sampling and snow-ball techniques between May and June 2020. In-depth interviews and researchers’ field notes were used to collect the data. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted to identify significant emerging themes from verbatim transcription. After identifying 2135 codes and 9 categories, three themes emerged to describe their emotional experiences and feelings. First, “Critical events”, with negative and positive critical events. Second theme, “Emotional Roller Coaster”, with emotions, feelings, and coping strategies. Third theme: “Last words: Conclusions of the COVID-19 outbreak experience”, with the meaning of the COVID-19 outbreak from a personal and professional perspective. Comprehensive support for all first-line healthcare professionals is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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14 pages, 729 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Why Do Some Spanish Nursing Students with Menstrual Pain Fail to Consult Healthcare Professionals?

by Juan Diego Ramos-Pichardo, Ángela María Ortega-Galán, María Teresa Iglesias-López, Ana Abreu-Sánchez and Elia Fernández-Martínez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 8173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218173 - 05 Nov 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6107

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea is a problem that affects a large percentage of young women worldwide. Alarmingly, the majority of these women choose to self-medicate rather than consult a healthcare professional, despite the risks involved. The present study aimed to explore the reasons why undergraduate nursing [...] Read more.

Dysmenorrhea is a problem that affects a large percentage of young women worldwide. Alarmingly, the majority of these women choose to self-medicate rather than consult a healthcare professional, despite the risks involved. The present study aimed to explore the reasons why undergraduate nursing students do not consult health care professionals regarding their menstrual pain. A qualitative study was conducted using an open question: “Why didn’t you consult a healthcare professional?” within the context of a research project on primary dysmenorrhea among nursing students at the University of Huelva, Spain. The responses of 202 women were analyzed using content analysis. Three categories were identified: assessment of the pain experienced, expectations, and experiences of professional care and selfcare. We found a striking normalization of the problem; notably, students downplayed the importance of the problem, considering that it was not worth consulting a physician. Furthermore, there was a notable degree of self-medication using non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs). These results may be useful for orienting policies to raise social awareness of this problem and for designing health education strategies aimed at women with primary dysmenorrhea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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10 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Case-Centered Approach to Nursing Ethics Education: A Qualitative Study

by Won Lee, Sungkyoung Choi, Sujeong Kim and Ari Min

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(21), 7748; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217748 - 23 Oct 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4473

Abstract

Nurses deal with ethical decisions as they protect patients’ rights, but a consensus on effective approaches to nursing ethics education is lacking. The “four topics” method can facilitate decision-making when nurses experience ethical dilemmas in practice. This study aimed to describe nursing students’ [...] Read more.

Nurses deal with ethical decisions as they protect patients’ rights, but a consensus on effective approaches to nursing ethics education is lacking. The “four topics” method can facilitate decision-making when nurses experience ethical dilemmas in practice. This study aimed to describe nursing students’ perspectives on and experiences of a case-centered approach to nursing ethics education using the four topics method. This qualitative study consisted of two phases. First, we delivered case-centered nursing ethics education sessions to nursing students using the four topics method. Then, we conducted two focus group discussions that explored students’ perspectives on and experiences of nursing ethics education. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Four themes were identified: the importance of ethics education as perceived by nursing students, problems in current nursing ethics education, the experience of case-centered nursing ethics education using the four topics approach, and suggestions for improving nursing ethics education. The case-centered approach using the four topics method is effective in enhancing nursing students’ nursing ethics ability. It is crucial to understand that nursing students would like to set up their own ethical standards and philosophy. Continuous efforts to encourage students’ participation and to provide ethical reflection opportunities during clinical practice are needed to better connect theory with clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

14 pages, 508 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Occupational Physicians’ Perspectives on Determinants of Employee Participation in a Randomized Controlled Musculoskeletal Health Promotion Measure: A Qualitative Study

by Kristina Schubin, Lara Schlomann, Lara Lindert, Holger Pfaff and Kyung-Eun Choi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7445; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207445 - 13 Oct 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2078

Abstract

Occupational physicians (OPs) are key figures for advising employees and employers about prevention and health at the workplace. However, knowledge of their views on participation in health promotion measures is sparse. This qualitative study aims to explore occupational physicians’ experiences with employee participation [...] Read more.

Occupational physicians (OPs) are key figures for advising employees and employers about prevention and health at the workplace. However, knowledge of their views on participation in health promotion measures is sparse. This qualitative study aims to explore occupational physicians’ experiences with employee participation in a randomized controlled workplace measure for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in Germany. We conducted eight semi-structured telephone interviews with occupational physicians. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a combination of conventional and directed content analysis. Findings were mapped based on Andersen’s behavioral model of health services use, resulting in four categories and 10 subcategories. (a) Contextual factors of the measure comprised impacts of the healthcare system and company environment, (b) individual factors of measure participation comprised demographic, social, belief, and MSD need characteristics, (c) health behavior during the measure included OPs’ communication, employees’ personal practices and measure participation, and (d) outcomes of participation included health status, satisfaction, and dissatisfaction with the measure. Findings imply occupational physicians’ and employees’ views should be investigated on a broader scale. Researchers should use present statements for the development of intervention studies, while political and managerial authorities can improve organizational conditions of prevention based on these findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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11 pages, 667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“My Friends are at the Bottom of My Schedule”: A Qualitative Study on Social Health among Nursing Students during Clinical Placement

by Hon Lon Tam, Aimei Mao, Pak Leng Cheong and Iat Kio Van

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6921; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186921 - 22 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3042

Abstract

Clinical placement is an essential component for nursing students, allowing them to transfer professional knowledge into practice. The quality of life among nursing students and nurses was reviewed to examine its impact on the quality of provided care. However, it is unclear how [...] Read more.

Clinical placement is an essential component for nursing students, allowing them to transfer professional knowledge into practice. The quality of life among nursing students and nurses was reviewed to examine its impact on the quality of provided care. However, it is unclear how social health among nursing students is affected during clinical placement. Final-year students who had finished clinical placement were invited to participate in this qualitative study. Twenty-one in-depth interviews were conducted and transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Two main themes, i.e., contributors to lack of social health, and manifestations of lack of social health, emerged from seven sub-themes. Students experienced different challenges during the clinical placement, but some of these did contribute to effects on their social health. Lack of social health might further influence career development after graduation. Supportive strategies from colleagues, nursing colleges and hospitals might potentially improve students’ social health during the clinical placement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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20 pages, 384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Health Literacy in Individuals with Alcohol Addiction: A Mixed Methods Clinical Study

by Gabriela Rolova, Beata Gavurova and Benjamin Petruzelka

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186728 - 15 Sep 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3485

Abstract

This mixed methods research paper explores health literacy (HL) in individuals with alcohol addiction by using the 47-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) and semi-structured interviews concerning health-related competencies (access, understand, appraise, and apply health information), and determines the [...] Read more.

This mixed methods research paper explores health literacy (HL) in individuals with alcohol addiction by using the 47-item version of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) and semi-structured interviews concerning health-related competencies (access, understand, appraise, and apply health information), and determines the limitations of the HLS-EU-Q47 when used under specific conditions of clinical practice. The questionnaire survey and the interviews were conducted with individuals of different health literacy levels who were undergoing inpatient alcohol addiction treatment. The findings indicate that individuals with alcohol addiction might require different types of health information according to their health literacy level in terms of quantity and quality of information to recover from alcohol addiction and improve their overall health. The implications for the clinical practice of addiction treatment as well as recommendations for national and regional policy are also discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

14 pages, 374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychosocial Influence of Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome in Daily Life of Patients: A Qualitative Study

by Inmaculada C. Palomo-Toucedo, Fatima Leon-Larios, María Reina-Bueno, María del Carmen Vázquez-Bautista, Pedro V. Munuera-Martínez and Gabriel Domínguez-Maldonado

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6425; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176425 - 03 Sep 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6167

Abstract

(1) Background: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders causing pain, fatigue, and disabilities; it has several implications for patients who suffer from this disease. The major clinical manifestations of EDS include joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and generalized connective tissue [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Ehlers–Danlos syndrome is a heterogeneous group of connective tissue disorders causing pain, fatigue, and disabilities; it has several implications for patients who suffer from this disease. The major clinical manifestations of EDS include joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and generalized connective tissue fragility. This research aims to explore their perceptions and experiences about the phycological and social spheres. (2) Methods: Semistructured interviews were carried out. Participants were encouraged to talk about issues related to their disease by asking open-ended questions in one to one interview. The interview guide included questions to identify the syndrome’s influence on the social and psychological life of patients All interviews were audio recorded, fully transcribed, and analyzed using the phenomenological theoretical framework. The method of analysis was the thematic interpreting of perspectives and approaches. (3) Results: 31 individuals were proposed to participate in this study. Five patients refused to participate, so a total of 26 interviews were performed. Six themes ((1) Pain and its consequences on a daily basis; (2) The need to name the problem: the diagnosis; (3) Restructuring leisure and social relationships; (4) Limitations due to economic conditions; (5) Psychological impact of the disease situation; (6) Professional limitations) and four subthemes ((1) The value of partner support; (2) The weather influence on social plans; (3) Physical exercise and illness; (4) Support groups) emerged from the data. (4) Conclusions: This study revealed the impact of the syndrome on the social and daily life of patients, and not only in a physical level, but also in a psychological and social approach. These findings allow healthcare providers to know more about this disease in order to support and give advice to patients about the changes they will have to make. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

23 pages, 920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Capturing the Spatial Relatedness of Long-Distance Caregiving: A Mixed-Methods Approach

by Tatjana Fischer and Markus Jobst

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6406; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176406 - 02 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3024

Abstract

Long-distance caregiving (LDC) is an issue of growing importance in the context of assessing the future of elder care and the maintenance of health and well-being of both the cared-for persons and the long-distance caregivers. Uncertainty in the international discussion relates to the [...] Read more.

Long-distance caregiving (LDC) is an issue of growing importance in the context of assessing the future of elder care and the maintenance of health and well-being of both the cared-for persons and the long-distance caregivers. Uncertainty in the international discussion relates to the relevance of spatially related aspects referring to the burdens of the long-distance caregiver and their (longer-term) willingness and ability to provide care for their elderly relatives. This paper is the result of a first attempt to operationalize and comprehensively analyze the spatial relatedness of long-distance caregiving against the background of the international literature by combining a longitudinal single case study of long-distance caregiving person and semantic hierarchies. In the cooperation of spatial sciences and geoinformatics an analysis grid based on a graph-theoretical model was developed. The elaborated conceptual framework should stimulate a more detailed and precise interdisciplinary discussion on the spatial relatedness of long-distance caregiving and, thus, is open for further refinement in order to become a decision-support tool for policy-makers responsible for social and elder care and health promotion. Moreover, it may serve as a starting point for the development of a method for the numerical determination of the long-distance caregivers on different spatial reference scales. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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23 pages, 389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The 4 U’s Rule of Fibromyalgia: A Proposed Model for Fatigue in a Sample of Women with Fibromyalgia: A Qualitative Study

by Lilian Velasco-Furlong, Lorena Gutiérrez-Hermoso, Beatriz Mateos-Pintado, Daniel Garvi-de Castro, Sheila Blanco-Rico, Lucía Sanromán-Canelada, Sofía López-Roig, María Ángeles Pastor-Mira and Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(17), 6224; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176224 - 27 Aug 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2802

Abstract

Although fatigue usually goes unnoticed, it is a symptom that poses great challenges to patients with fibromyalgia and is a strong limitation. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the variables involved in fatigue in nine different situations of the [...] Read more.

Although fatigue usually goes unnoticed, it is a symptom that poses great challenges to patients with fibromyalgia and is a strong limitation. The aim of this study is to identify and describe the variables involved in fatigue in nine different situations of the Goal Pursuit Questionnaire (GPQ) that may occur in the daily lives of women with fibromyalgia, according to an ABC (Antecedents–Behaviors–Consequences) model. This study followed a qualitative descriptive research method and a deductive–inductive hybrid approach based on a phenomenological paradigm. Twenty-six women with fibromyalgia participated in focus group discussions between February and March of 2018. Thematic content analysis was carried out from transcribed verbatim interviews. We identified nine major themes that emerged from the participants’ conversations: self-imposed duties, muscle fatigue, overwhelming feeling of tiredness, difficulty thinking, difficulty concentrating, negative emotions, lifestyle changes, affected everyday activities, and lack of motivation for daily activities and social interactions. We conclude that the ABC model allowed certain elements to emerge regarding the fatigue experience, highlighting its importance as a symptom in fibromyalgia. This additional analysis of the ABC model showed that fatigue can be described through the 4 U’s Rule, which is integrated by these four adjectives: (1) Unpredictable, (2) Uncontrollable, (3) Unseen, and (4) Unintelligible. Identifying these characteristics can contribute to a better understanding of fibromyalgia in addition to better treatment for these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

13 pages, 1000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality of Life and Health in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Qualitative Study

by Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock and Jihyun Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4895; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134895 - 07 Jul 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3139

Abstract

Purpose: Periodontal disease causes tooth loss if not treated early, and advanced periodontitis can cause a decline in various oral functions. These results diminish the health-related quality of life (QOL) for various populations. Thus, early detection and management of the disease, as well [...] Read more.

Purpose: Periodontal disease causes tooth loss if not treated early, and advanced periodontitis can cause a decline in various oral functions. These results diminish the health-related quality of life (QOL) for various populations. Thus, early detection and management of the disease, as well as a systematic strategy for the prevention of periodontal disease, are necessary. Methods: Adults, 19 years of age or older and diagnosed with chronic gingivitis or chronic periodontitis under the ICD-10 codes, were selected to participate in the study. A total of 20 participants were informed of the purpose of the study and gave consent to participate in in-depth interviews. Results: The treatment of periodontal disease improved health-related QOL and enabled the participants to have positive dental care health behaviors. Furthermore, the participants recognized the severity of periodontal disease and the importance of dental examinations. It enabled them to be aware of the societal need for dental care awareness. Conclusions: This study was an in-depth examination of the health-related QOL of periodontal patients through a qualitative research methodology. We expect that this study will expand research on health-related QOL due to periodontal disease and revitalize the dental health system and practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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13 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Caregivers of Patients with Hematological Malignancies within Home Care: A Phenomenological Study

by Isabella Capodanno, Mirta Rocchi, Rossella Prandi, Cristina Pedroni, Enrica Tamagnini, Pierluigi Alfieri, Francesco Merli and Luca Ghirotto

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(11), 4036; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114036 - 05 Jun 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2979

Abstract

The role of caregivers in homecare settings is relevant to the patient’s wellbeing and quality of life. This phenomenon is well described in the literature for the oncological setting but not specifically for that of hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was [...] Read more.

The role of caregivers in homecare settings is relevant to the patient’s wellbeing and quality of life. This phenomenon is well described in the literature for the oncological setting but not specifically for that of hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of primary caregivers of patients with hematological malignancies within home care. We conducted a phenomenological study based on interviews with 17 primary caregivers of hematological patients. Analysis of the contents led to the identification of five main themes. Perhaps, the innovative aspects of this study can be summarized in three points: This service was demonstrated to fulfil the ethical aspects of providing the patient with a dignified accompaniment to the end of life. Secondly, the efficiency of the service and the benefit are directly dependent on the caregivers’ wellbeing, so knowledge of the dynamics and emotions involved can lead to the development and implementation of programs for hematological malignancies. Lastly, a collaborative caregivers–professionals relationship can improve a sense of accomplishment for all parties involved, lessening the family’s frustration related to not having done their best. Home care brings significant benefits for both the patient and the caregivers and fulfils the ethical obligation of providing the patient dignified end-of-life care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

16 pages, 499 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Aquatic Therapy in Children and Youth with Cerebral Palsy: A Qualitative Case Study in a Special Education School

by Elisa Muñoz-Blanco, Javier Merino-Andrés, Beatriz Aguilar-Soto, Yolanda Castillo García, Marta Puente-Villalba, Jorge Pérez-Corrales and Javier Güeita-Rodríguez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3690; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103690 - 23 May 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 14082

Abstract

Cerebral palsy results in the progressive loss of motor functions, with a negative impact on daily activities and participation. Despite the well described benefits of aquatic therapy in children, little is known about the effects of the same in school settings. This study [...] Read more.

Cerebral palsy results in the progressive loss of motor functions, with a negative impact on daily activities and participation. Despite the well described benefits of aquatic therapy in children, little is known about the effects of the same in school settings. This study aimed to describe the experience of children and youth with cerebral palsy participating in an aquatic therapy program within a special education school considering their educational and therapeutic perspectives. A qualitative descriptive case study with embedded units was developed, comprising 27 participants. This study employed purposeful sampling to include children and youth with cerebral palsy from the Asociación Ayuda a la Paralisis Cerebral (APACE) special education school, together with their parents, the special education teachers, and health care professionals. Data were collected via non-participant observation, semi-structured and informal interviews, focus groups, and researcher field notes. A thematic analysis was conducted, revealing the following themes: (a) the connection with the environment; (b) postural improvements and mobility; (c) the opportunity to perform tasks; (d) learning and transfer. A motivating environment leads to physical, cognitive and social benefits, both at school and in the home. Aquatic therapy was viewed as a means for learning and participation. These findings may enhance understanding regarding the potential benefits of implementing multidisciplinary aquatic therapy programs in specialist school settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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14 pages, 316 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceptions of Medical Students Regarding Career Counseling in Korea: A Qualitative Study

by Minsu Ock, Young-Joo Han, Eun Young Choi, Jeehee Pyo and Won Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103486 - 16 May 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2724

Abstract

Current medical school education focuses on acquiring appropriate knowledge with relatively little interest in developing the career selection skills of medical students. We investigated medical students’ perceptions of career problems and the required types of career counseling programs. Five focus group discussions were [...] Read more.

Current medical school education focuses on acquiring appropriate knowledge with relatively little interest in developing the career selection skills of medical students. We investigated medical students’ perceptions of career problems and the required types of career counseling programs. Five focus group discussions were held with 23 medical students. The consensual qualitative study method was used to analyze the recorded discussion process. The medical students were more influenced by parents and grades than by subjective choices when deciding on admission to medical school. In future career choices, medical students considered the stability and feasibility of the career and expected quality of life. However, there were several opinions that it is essential to understand oneself. Objective and specific career information was lacking, and meeting with the professor was not very helpful for career counseling. Most medical students expected the effectiveness of the career counseling program but hoped the program would proceed with voluntary participation. Medical students wanted a variety of concrete and objective information, such as specialty information for choosing residency training, trainee hospital information, and post-residency training information in the career counseling program. Most medical students are not ready for career-related problems, therefore making it necessary to develop a career counseling program suitable for them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

18 pages, 443 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Perinatal Death on the Social and Family Context of the Parents

by Cayetano Fernández-Sola, Marcos Camacho-Ávila, José Manuel Hernández-Padilla, Isabel María Fernández-Medina, Francisca Rosa Jiménez-López, Encarnación Hernández-Sánchez, María Belén Conesa-Ferrer and José Granero-Molina

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103421 - 14 May 2020

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7238

Abstract

Background: Perinatal death (PD) is a painful experience, with physical, psychological and social consequences in families. Each year, there are 2.7 million perinatal deaths in the world and about 2000 in Spain. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and understand [...] Read more.

Background: Perinatal death (PD) is a painful experience, with physical, psychological and social consequences in families. Each year, there are 2.7 million perinatal deaths in the world and about 2000 in Spain. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and understand the impact of perinatal death on parents’ social and family life. Methods: A qualitative study based on Gadamer’s hermeneutic phenomenology was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with 13 mothers and eight fathers who had suffered a perinatal death. Inductive analysis was used to find themes based on the data. Results: Seven sub-themes emerged, and they were grouped into two main themes: 1) perinatal death affects family dynamics, and 2) the social environment of the parents is severely affected after perinatal death. Conclusions: PD impacts the family dynamics of the parents and their family, social and work environments. Parents perceive that society trivializes their loss and disallows or delegitimizes their grief. Implications: Social care, health and education providers should pay attention to all family members who have suffered a PD. The recognition of the loss within the social and family environment would help the families to cope with their grief. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

13 pages, 650 KiB

Open AccessArticle

“What Bothers Me Most Is the Disparity between the Choices that People Have or Don’t Have”: A Qualitative Study on the Health Systems Responsiveness to Implementing the Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act in Ireland

by Éidín Ní Shé, Deirdre O’Donnell, Sarah Donnelly, Carmel Davies, Francesco Fattori and Thilo Kroll

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(9), 3294; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093294 - 09 May 2020

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5667

Abstract

Objective: The Assisted Decision-Making (ADM) (Capacity) Act was enacted in 2015 in Ireland and will be commenced in 2021. This paper is focused on this pre-implementation stage within the acute setting and uses a health systems responsiveness framework. Methods: We conducted face-to-face interviews [...] Read more.

Objective: The Assisted Decision-Making (ADM) (Capacity) Act was enacted in 2015 in Ireland and will be commenced in 2021. This paper is focused on this pre-implementation stage within the acute setting and uses a health systems responsiveness framework. Methods: We conducted face-to-face interviews using a critical incident technique. We interviewed older people including those with a diagnosis of dementia (n = 8), family carers (n = 5) and health and social care professionals (HSCPs) working in the acute setting (n = 26). Results: The interviewees reflected upon a healthcare system that is currently under significant pressures. HSCPs are doing their best, but they are often halted from delivering on the will and preference of their patients. Many older people and family carers feel that they must be very assertive to have their preferences considered. All expressed concern about the strain on the healthcare system. There are significant environmental barriers that are hindering ADM practice. Conclusions: The commencement of ADM provides an opportunity to redefine the provision, practices, and priorities of healthcare in Ireland to enable improved patient-centred care. To facilitate implementation of ADM, it is therefore critical to identify and provide adequate resources and work towards solutions to ensure a seamless commencement of the legislation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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13 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experience and Awareness of Health Managers, Administrators, and Workers on a Hearing Conservation Program in Korea: A Qualitative Study

by Minsu Ock, Jeehee Pyo, Ok Hyun Kim, Changho Chae, Byeong Jin Ye, Sang Hoon Kim, Hyun Chan An, Ahra Kim, Jae Oh Park and Jiho Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072302 - 29 Mar 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2147

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the experience and awareness of a hearing conservation program to explore its activation plan. Three focus group discussions were conducted with five health managers, five labor supervisors, and five workers. A single in-depth interview was conducted with a [...] Read more.

This study aims to evaluate the experience and awareness of a hearing conservation program to explore its activation plan. Three focus group discussions were conducted with five health managers, five labor supervisors, and five workers. A single in-depth interview was conducted with a health manager. Since hearing loss has a significant influence on the quality of life of workers, all participants recognized the importance of management. Although the need for hearing conservation programs was acknowledged, the participants had negative views about their effectiveness. Most health managers have not been able to demonstrate tangible results from their efforts to solve hearing problems, and they have been unable to demand that their employers actively invest resources and personnel in solving or preventing hearing problems. The participants in this study did not entirely understand the hearing conservation program, negative comments suggested that it is impossible to eliminate noise sources from the workplace, and measures for noise reduction would reduce work efficiency. This study can be supplied not only as a basis for reidentifying the real problems of the hearing conservation program but also for the tailored implementation method of future hearing conservation programs at each worksite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

14 pages, 296 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bus Workers’ Experiences with and Perceptions of a Health Promotion Program: A Qualitative Study Using a Focus Group Discussion

by Jeehee Pyo, Mina Lee, Minsu Ock, Gwiok Park, Dongseok Yang, Jungsun Park and Yangho Kim

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(6), 1992; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061992 - 18 Mar 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2262

Abstract

We conducted a focus group discussion with bus workers to evaluate their experiences and perceptions, as well as their reasons for participating in a program for vulnerable workers. The study also sought to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program. A total [...] Read more.

We conducted a focus group discussion with bus workers to evaluate their experiences and perceptions, as well as their reasons for participating in a program for vulnerable workers. The study also sought to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program. A total of nine bus workers participated in the focus group discussion. The focus group discussion was conducted based on a semi-structured guide, which was developed from discussions among the researchers and a review of major preliminary studies. The verbatim transcriptions were analyzed using content analysis. The sole existence of a health promotion program for vulnerable workers in Ulsan was sufficient to attract participants who had not been involved in other health management programs. Participants reported that participation in the program mitigated some of their musculoskeletal symptoms, which are often faced by bus workers. The findings of this study may contribute to the expansion of the health promotion program targeting workers in vulnerable working environments in Ulsan and other places. In order to increase users’ satisfaction and the sustainability of the program, it is necessary to develop a strategy to increase the accessibility of the program and enhance the self-efficacy of participants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

Review

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13 pages, 1213 KiB

Open AccessReview

Long-Term Care Facilities and Nursing Homes during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the Perspectives of Professionals, Families and Residents

by Domingo Palacios-Ceña, Rosario Fernández-Peña, Angela Ortega-López, Ana Fernández-Feito, Oscar Bautista-Villaécija, Olga Rodrigo-Pedrosa, José Arnau-Sánchez and Ángel Lizcano-Álvarez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(19), 10099; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910099 - 26 Sep 2021

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4845

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant repercussions for nursing home residents, their families, and professionals. The objective was to describe the perspectives of residents, their families, and nursing home employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant repercussions for nursing home residents, their families, and professionals. The objective was to describe the perspectives of residents, their families, and nursing home employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. A scoping review was carried out using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The inclusion criteria were: qualitative and/or mixed methods studies in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. The review covers studies published from 11 March 2020 to 15 February 2021. CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, British Nursing Index, Proquest, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar databases were used. We conducted a systematic narrative synthesis, presenting the results narratively and showing descriptive statistics on the studies reviewed. Sixteen documents were obtained from 175 results. Two studies focused on residents and one on their families. The remaining studies looked at professionals. Nursing homes had great difficulty managing resources, which was exacerbated by emotional exhaustion among residents, employees, and family members. In nursing homes, creative initiatives and new forms of leadership appeared to meet emerging needs during the pandemic. The results of the study show the impact of the pandemic on nursing homes and the response capacity present among residents, family members, and professionals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

13 pages, 722 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Contextualizing Evidence for Action on Diabetes in Low-Resource Settings—Project CEAD Part-II, Strengthening the Health System: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol

by Mari Carmen Bernal-Soriano, Francisco Barrera-Guarderas, Alfonso Alonso-Jaquete, Elisa Chilet-Rosell, Ikram Benazizi, Cintia Caicedo-Montaño, Mónica Márquez-Figueroa, Marta Puig-García, Blanca Lumbreras, Ildefonso Hernández-Aguado, Ana Lucía Torres-Castillo and Lucy Anne Parker

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(7), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073391 - 25 Mar 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2231

Abstract

Diabetes is a major public health problem, increasingly affecting low- and middle-income countries. The project CEAD (Contextualizing Evidence for Action in Diabetes in low-resource settings) aims to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive diabetes care in two low-resource settings in Ecuador and to stimulate [...] Read more.

Diabetes is a major public health problem, increasingly affecting low- and middle-income countries. The project CEAD (Contextualizing Evidence for Action in Diabetes in low-resource settings) aims to evaluate the implementation of comprehensive diabetes care in two low-resource settings in Ecuador and to stimulate context-led health systems innovations to improve diabetes care and reduce inequity. The mixed-methods approach includes a 24-month retrospective study to assess the current level of implementation of comprehensive diabetes care and participants will be followed up prospectively for two years to assess changes in healthcare and clinical outcomes from the outset of the research. We will include individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes aged over 18 years, who are accessing diabetes care in health facilities in the study districts. Varied stakeholders (patients and family members, community members, healthcare workers and decision-makers) will interpret the underlying causes of the observed weaknesses and propose solutions to strengthen diabetes-related healthcare in focus group discussions (FG). A second set of FG will analyze perceived improvements in healthcare based on prospective cohort findings and consider the success/failure of any context-led innovations occurring throughout the research. Our study will demonstrate how evidence can be contextualized to stimulate local innovations and overcome weaknesses of diabetes-related healthcare in low resource settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Qualitative Research and Mixed Methods, Application in Health Care Science)

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