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11 pages, 1070 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity Levels in Leisure Time, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Brazilian Older Adults: National Health Survey, 2019

by Ana Michele Saragozo de Freitas, Izabella Cristina da Silva dos Santos, Amanda Santos Da Silva, Ricardo Aurelio Carvalho Sampaio and Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(19), 6887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196887 - 06 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1480

Abstract

Health interventions for elderly people must understand the association between physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to verify the association between physical activity in leisure time, sociodemographic factors, and NCDs in Brazilian older people. This is a descriptive study, [...] Read more.

Health interventions for elderly people must understand the association between physical activity, sociodemographic factors, and non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to verify the association between physical activity in leisure time, sociodemographic factors, and NCDs in Brazilian older people. This is a descriptive study, with a cross-sectional design, carried out using secondary data from the 2019 National Health Survey—Brazil. It used data from 23,144 subjects aged over 60 years. Statistical analyses included descriptive and quantile regression with cutoff points 0.25, 0.50 (Median), 0.75, and 0.90 to verify the association between the variables. The statistical software R version 4.1.3 was used. Older people aged between 60 and 79 years were highlighted up to the 50th quantile. Females showed lower values in all quantiles, with emphasis from quantile 50 onwards. Subjects who self-declared as “white” showed significant differences up to quantile 50, not indicating significant values from this cutoff point. Residents of the rural area had lower values than residents of the urban area in all quantiles, with emphasis starting from the median. For cardiovascular diseases, it was found that subjects who did not report having this type of disease had better results for the amount of physical activity during leisure time, especially from the 75th quantile. It was concluded that there is a direct relationship between time spent in leisure-time performing physical activity, sociodemographic variables, and NCDs. It is necessary to review and validate cutoff points according to each category viewed, which can favor the adjustment of interventions according to each population. Actions of this nature can favor adherence by groups of older people to the weekly practice of physical activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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12 pages, 345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Behavior and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Indicators of Work Ability

by Pauliina Husu, Kari Tokola, Henri Vähä-Ypyä, Harri Sievänen and Tommi Vasankari

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(7), 5414; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075414 - 05 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1914

Abstract

Work ability (WA) reflects an individual’s resources, work demands, and related environment. Self-reports have shown that higher physical activity (PA) is associated with better WA. This study investigated associations of accelerometer-measured (24/7) physical behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with WA. In the FinFit2017-population-based [...] Read more.

Work ability (WA) reflects an individual’s resources, work demands, and related environment. Self-reports have shown that higher physical activity (PA) is associated with better WA. This study investigated associations of accelerometer-measured (24/7) physical behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with WA. In the FinFit2017-population-based study, the physical behavior of 20–69-year-old working Finns was measured in terms of PA, standing, and sedentariness using validated MAD-APE algorithms based on raw triaxial accelerometer data. During waking hours, the accelerometer was hip-worn, while during the time in bed (TIB), it was worn on the non-dominant wrist. CRF was measured with a 6 min walk test. WA was assessed by four questions excerpted from the Work Ability Index (WAI), called the short WAI (sWAI). Participants (n = 1668, mean age 46.6, SD = 10.9, 57% women) scored on average 23.3 on the sWAI (range 6–27), with a higher value indicating a better WA. More minutes in standing (p = 0.001) and in moderate (p = 0.004) and vigorous PA (p < 0.001) as well as a higher step number (p < 0.001) and better CRF (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher sWAI value. More time spent lying down (p < 0.001) and in high-movement (p < 0.001) and total TIB (p = 0.001) was associated with a lower sWAI. Detailed analysis of 24/7 physical behavior can be utilized in identifying individual-related indicators of WA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

13 pages, 381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Evaluation of Policies Promoting Physical Activity among Filipino Youth

by Yves Y. Palad, Roselle M. Guisihan, Maria Eliza R. Aguila, Ralph Andrew A. Ramos and Jonathan Y. Cagas

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 2865; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042865 - 06 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3449

Abstract

Government is key to promoting physical activity at the population level through policy. The government was one of the physical activity indicators graded for the 2022 Philippine Physical Activity Report Card based on ten physical activity-related policies. This study aimed to evaluate the [...] Read more.

Government is key to promoting physical activity at the population level through policy. The government was one of the physical activity indicators graded for the 2022 Philippine Physical Activity Report Card based on ten physical activity-related policies. This study aimed to evaluate the scope of the policies and to update these policies. Philippine government databases were searched for policies using physical activity-related key terms. Policies found were evaluated using the Wales Active Healthy Kids scoring rubric. The overall grade was converted to a letter grade based on the Global Matrix 4.0 grading system. The authors analyzed the policies’ scope and implications to practice and policy. Seven additional policies were found. Considering all 17 policies, the government indicator grade is now A- from the preliminary grade of B. The scope covers promoting physical activity mainly through sports participation and active transport among students, student-athletes, persons with disabilities, and the general population in school and community settings. The gap between government and overall physical activity (F) scores suggests the need for a comprehensive physical activity plan promoting various forms of physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior among all Filipino youth and across various settings. Crucial to achieving change is a well-coordinated, whole-of-systems approach to promoting active healthy lifestyles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

10 pages, 369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlates of Physical Activity in Brazilian Older Adults: The National Health Survey 2019

by Amanda Santos da Silva, João Carlos do Nascimento Melo, Zainovan Serrão Pereira, Jullyane Caldas dos Santos, Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva, Raphael Henrique de Oliveira Araújo and Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2463; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032463 - 30 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1372

Abstract

Engagement in physical activity (PA) depends on intrapersonal, interpersonal/cultural, organizational, physical environment and political factors. Considering that it is important to understand this phenomenon in different populational contexts, this study aimed to investigate the factors related to engagement in PA according to sociodemographic [...] Read more.

Engagement in physical activity (PA) depends on intrapersonal, interpersonal/cultural, organizational, physical environment and political factors. Considering that it is important to understand this phenomenon in different populational contexts, this study aimed to investigate the factors related to engagement in PA according to sociodemographic aspects, eating habits, self-rated health, activities of daily living, noncommunicable diseases, mental health and public policies in Brazilian older people. This study had a cross-sectional design and used data from the Brazilian National Health Survey, 2019. Sample size was composed of 22,726 participants, aged 60 years or older, of both sexes, and all the data were collected by interview/questionnaire. According to the adjusted logistic regression, males were more active than females (OR = 1.59 (95% CI 1.40–1.80)), and those living in northern and northeastern Brazil were more likely to be inactive when compared to the southeastern region. Moreover, those with a higher educational level and income (OR = 1.36 (1.06–1.73) and OR = 1.60 (1.22–2.11)); with healthy eating habits (OR = 1.05 (1.03–1.06)); with positive self-rated health (OR = 2.67 (95% CI 1.51–4.71)); with better functional autonomy (OR = 1.22 (1.17–1.27)); and who reported that there was some public place (square, park, closed street, beach) to go for a walk, exercise or practice sport close to their home were more likely to be active (OR = 1.49 (1.34–1.67)). Sociodemographic factors, healthy eating habits, positive self-rated health, higher functioning in activities of daily living and living close to places where PA is practiced were associated with regular engagement in PA (i.e., ≥150 min/week). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

17 pages, 1125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Twelve Weeks of Web-Based Low to Moderate Physical Activity Breaks with Coordinative Exercises at the Workplace Increase Motor Skills but Not Motor Abilities in Office Workers—A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study

by Carina Scharf and Markus Tilp

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032193 - 25 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1627

Abstract

Integrating physical activity interventions at the workplace can have positive effects on the employees’ health. This study aimed to evaluate a physical activity break with coordinative exercises (PAB) including juggling and balance tasks and to assess its effects on motor abilities. Thirty-two university [...] Read more.

Integrating physical activity interventions at the workplace can have positive effects on the employees’ health. This study aimed to evaluate a physical activity break with coordinative exercises (PAB) including juggling and balance tasks and to assess its effects on motor abilities. Thirty-two university employees were randomly allocated to an intervention (IG:20) or a control (CG:12) group. The IG participated two times per week for 12 weeks in a PAB with a duration of 15 to 20 min. We measured the unimanual, bimanual finger, and hand dexterity with the Purdue Pegboard Test, the reaction time with the Fall Stick Test, and the dynamic balance with the Y Balance Test. Juggling performance was assessed by measuring the time(s) of performing a three-ball-cascade. Furthermore, an evaluation of the PAB was executed. Participants in the IG improved their juggling performance after six and twelve weeks. These increases were significantly different compared to the CG. However, no other parameters changed significantly. The evaluation showed that the PAB was enjoyable and led to subjective improvements in the participants health and working routine. To conclude, PAB can lead to improvements in juggling performance, subjective health, and the working routine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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9 pages, 673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Sleep in Adults and Older Adults in Southern Brazil

by Luciana Zaranza Monteiro, Joni Marcio de Farias, Tiago Rodrigues de Lima, Antônio Augusto Schäfer, Fernanda Oliveira Meller and Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1461; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021461 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1318

Abstract

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A [...] Read more.

Good sleep quality is a well-known indicator of physical and mental health, well-being, and overall vitality. This study aimed to verify the association between the practice of physical activity and sleep duration and quality in adults and older adults in southern Brazil. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out with 820 individuals of both sexes aged 18 years or more, where sociodemographic variables were collected and also health-related variables. This study included 523 (63.8%) women and 297 (36.2%) men, and the prevalence of adequate sleep hours was 41.5% (95%CI: 39.1; 44.9). People who performed leisure walking were 34% more likely to present adequate sleep duration (PR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.10; 1.64) compared to those who did not perform leisure walking. Individuals who met the recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity were more likely to have good sleep quality (PR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01; 1.34). Future health behavior modification strategies to improve sleep quality at the population level should consider encouraging lifestyle improvements, thus increasing the practice of physical activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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14 pages, 1050 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poor Agreement between Responses to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Objective ActiGraph^® Data among Persons with Major Depressive or Bipolar Disorders

by Rafael Bonfim do Nascimento, Rafael Pereira Guimarães Santos, Tabatah Hellen Santos Gomes, Carolina Nunes França, Fabricio Eduardo Rossi, Decio Gilberto Natrielli-Filho, José Claudio Jambassi-Filho, Saulo Gil, Brendon Stubbs, Beny Lafer and Lucas Melo Neves

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 14913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214913 - 12 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1812

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the degree of agreement between data from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ) and accelerometer (ActiGraph^®) readings for physical activity (PA), classified as moderate, vigorous, and moderate–vigorous PA, and sedentary behavior (SB) [...] Read more.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the degree of agreement between data from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ) and accelerometer (ActiGraph^®) readings for physical activity (PA), classified as moderate, vigorous, and moderate–vigorous PA, and sedentary behavior (SB) in participants with major depressive or bipolar disorder. Following a cross-sectional observational design (n = 30), participants used an accelerometer for 4 to 7 days (minimum of 10 h per day) and answered the IPAQ (for the same period as accelerometer use). Our results suggest significant differences (p < 0.05) when comparing the ActiGraph^® and IPAQ data: for moderate PA, 155 min vs. 25 min per week; for moderate–vigorous PA, 157 min vs. 50 min per week; and for SB, 8 h vs. 3 h per day. Spearman’s correlation coefficients (ActiGraph^® and IPAQ) were low for moderate PA, vigorous PA, and moderate–vigorous PA (rho = 0.03 to 0.13). The Bland–Altman plot showed a bias of −75 min for moderate PA, 9 min for vigorous PA, −66 min for moderate–vigorous PA, and −5 h for SB. Considering the differences observed and the objectivity of the ActiGraph^® measurements, whenever possible, we recommend ActiGraph^® measurements of PA and SB for these clinical groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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14 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Mediating Role of Physical Activity and Physical Function in the Association between Body Mass Index and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Population-Based Study with Older Adults

by Marcelo de Maio Nascimento, Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Bruna R. Gouveia, Adilson Marques, Pedro Campos, Jesús García-Mayor, Krzysztof Przednowek and Andreas Ihle

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 13718; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192113718 - 22 Oct 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1999

Abstract

This study aimed (1) to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and physical function (PF) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and (2) to examine in-depth whether PA and PF mediate the relationship between BMI and HRQoL in [...] Read more.

This study aimed (1) to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and physical function (PF) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and (2) to examine in-depth whether PA and PF mediate the relationship between BMI and HRQoL in older adults. We investigated 802 individuals (mean age 69.8 ± 5.6 years), residents of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. Harmol and PA were assessed using the SF-36 and Baecke questionnaires, respectively, and PF by the Senior Fitness Test. The prevalence of overweight was 71.3%, 26.5% for normal weight, and 2.1% for underweight. We verified a small correlation between age and sex with BMI, PA, PF, and medium borderline with HRQoL. After adjusting for covariates (i.e., sex, age, comorbidities), the multivariate regression analysis indicated a 93.1% chance of improvement in HRQoL for low BMI, while PA and PF revealed a chance of increasing HRQoL by 91.8% and 60.0%, respectively. According to the serial mediation pathway, PA and PF partially mediated the association between BMI and HRQoL by 32.3% and 81.5%, respectively. The total variance of the model was 90%. It was concluded that BMI can negatively affect HRQoL. On the other hand, PA and PF are able to increase HRQoL levels during the aging process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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11 pages, 360 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity Policies for Children and Adolescents in Brazil: Analysis for the Report Card Brazil on Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents

by Diego Augusto Santos Silva and Carolina Fernandes da Silva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 10152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610152 - 16 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1289

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate physical activity (PA) policies in Brazil through current actions/programs to promote PA for children and adolescents. All 23 official websites of federal government agencies in Brazil [eighteen ministries, two secretariats (linked to ministries) and three [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to investigate physical activity (PA) policies in Brazil through current actions/programs to promote PA for children and adolescents. All 23 official websites of federal government agencies in Brazil [eighteen ministries, two secretariats (linked to ministries) and three ministry equivalent agencies] were visited. All programs/actions were analyzed according to indicators of the Global Matrix project from the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance (AHKGA) and the Health Enhancing PA Policy Audit Tool, version 2, recommended by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, we used the analysis of “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats” (SWOT) for the policies. Seventeen programs/actions included the promotion of PA for children and adolescents in Brazil, however, none of them had this as their main objective, and none were planned as a public policy action aimed at the promotion of PA. The overall score of the assessment instrument was 37 (out of a total of 100), which classifies Brazil as having a D+ grade according to AHKGA criteria. Brazil needs to define PA as a state policy so that the actions identified in this study can have positive effects on children and adolescents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

14 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sedentary Behavior Counseling Received from Healthcare Professionals: An Exploratory Analysis in Adults at Primary Health Care in Brazil

by André Snége, Alexandre Augusto de Paula da Silva, Grégore Iven Mielke, Cassiano Ricardo Rech, Fernando Carlos Vinholes Siqueira, Ciro Romelio Rodriguez-Añez and Rogério César Fermino

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9963; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169963 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1894

Abstract

Counseling by health professionals has promising results in behavior change and is recommended as part of integrated community interventions. However, the knowledge about sedentary behavior (SB) counseling is incipient. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and explore the associated factors with SB [...] Read more.

Counseling by health professionals has promising results in behavior change and is recommended as part of integrated community interventions. However, the knowledge about sedentary behavior (SB) counseling is incipient. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and explore the associated factors with SB counseling received from healthcare professionals by adults in primary health care (PHC) in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 that included a representative sample of 779 users in all 15 basic health units (BHU) in São José dos Pinhais, Paraná. We identified those who reported having received SB counseling during a consultation. The association between the sociodemographic factors, chronic diseases, access to health services, physical activity, SB, and counseling were analyzed using Poisson regression in a hierarchical model. The prevalence of counseling was 12.2% (95% CI: 10.1–14.7%); it was higher in women (PR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.10–2.83), those aged ≥60 yrs (PR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.14–2.98), BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (PR: 2.60; 95% CI: 1.31–5.17), who consume ≥3 medications (PR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.06–4.59), and those who spend a prolonged period of the day engaged in SB (4th quartile PR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.88–6.31). The results highlight that SB counseling is underutilized and incipient in PHC. Understanding these results can help managers and healthcare professionals in BHU teams to implement and direct specific actions to reduce SB in adults through counseling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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17 pages, 2029 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exposure to Public Open Spaces and Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Analysis of Adults in Primary Health Care in Brazil

by Rafael Luciano de Mello, Adalberto Aparecido dos Santos Lopes and Rogério César Fermino

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8355; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148355 - 08 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1512

Abstract

Public open spaces (POS) enable many leisure activities. However, few studies have evaluated how different exposures to POS with structured physical activities (PA) could affect the leisure-time PA (LTPA) of adults with chronic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the associations between different [...] Read more.

Public open spaces (POS) enable many leisure activities. However, few studies have evaluated how different exposures to POS with structured physical activities (PA) could affect the leisure-time PA (LTPA) of adults with chronic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the associations between different exposures to POS and LTPA in adults in primary health care in Brazil. In 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 615 users of 15 Basic Health Units in São José dos Pinhais. The POS exposure was measured by the presence and distance (GIS), and the usage and frequency of usage were self-reported. The IPAQ identified walking and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Data were analyzed with multilevel Poisson regression adjusted for the possible confounders (sex, age, economic level, chronic diseases). The prevalence of walking and MVPA ≥150 min/week was 12% and 14%, respectively. The usage of POS increased by 52% the likelihood of walking ≥10 min/week (PR: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.02–2.21), while usage ≥2 times/week increased by 2 times the likelihood of this outcome (PR: 2.01; 95%CI: 1.28–3.05). The usage of POS increased by 2.7 times the likelihood of MVPA ≥10 min/week (PR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.86–3.97), and usage ≥2 times/week increased by 3.5 times the likelihood of this outcome (PR: 3.45; 95%CI: 2.14–5.42). Finally, the usage of POS increased by 3 times the likelihood of MVPA ≥150 min/week (PR: 3.03; 95%CI: 1.92–4.74), while usage ≥2 times/week increased by 3.8 times the likelihood of this outcome (PR: 3.81; 95%CI: 2.19–6.38). In conclusion, only the usage of POS is positively associated with walking and MVPA in the leisure time of adult primary health care users. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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16 pages, 774 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Walking as Physiological Training to Improve Respiratory Parameters in the Elderly Population

by Klára Novotová, Dagmar Pavlů, Dominika Dvořáčková, Anna Arnal-Gómez and Gemma Victoria Espí-López

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7995; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137995 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2317

Abstract

Walking as physiological training is reported to be an effective activity in order to beneficially influence and slow the onset of aging in healthy elderly people. However, insufficient evidence exists on how walking influences lung function in seniors. In our study, we aim [...] Read more.

Walking as physiological training is reported to be an effective activity in order to beneficially influence and slow the onset of aging in healthy elderly people. However, insufficient evidence exists on how walking influences lung function in seniors. In our study, we aim to evaluate the effect of different types of walking on lung function in healthy seniors. The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCO Essentials databases were searched, while the methodological quality was assessed by the RoB2 tool. A total of seven studies (RCTs) published between 2002–2022 that met the eligibility criteria were analysed in this review. All participants were older adults without any specific associated disease, aged 60 and above. The interventions included structured physical activity; a high/moderate exercise program; long-term regular walking; walking as a part of functional movement training; walking sideways, backward and forward as a part of aerobic training; fast walking; Stepper walking; walking on a treadmill combined with incentive spirometry; and Nordic walking. Overall, most of the mentioned types of walking led to improved lung function in healthy elderly subjects. However, the prescribed Stepper walking program did not improve lung function in healthy seniors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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16 pages, 392 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Physical Activity among Medical Students from the Western Balkans

by Maja Grujičić, Miloš Ilić, Budimka Novaković, Aleksandra Vrkatić and Zagorka Lozanov-Crvenković

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7691; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137691 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2227

Abstract

The student population includes young adults who need nutrition and regular physical activity (PA) for mental, cognitive, and physical development. It is estimated that, globally, only 25–40% of the university student population is involved in regular PA. To date, no research has been [...] Read more.

The student population includes young adults who need nutrition and regular physical activity (PA) for mental, cognitive, and physical development. It is estimated that, globally, only 25–40% of the university student population is involved in regular PA. To date, no research has been conducted in the Western Balkans to address the PA of medical students. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and factors influencing PA among medical students from the Western Balkans. A cross-sectional study included 2452 students from 14 medical faculties in five countries (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia and Serbia). There were significantly more students who engaged than those who did not engage in some type of regular (daily) PA. Gender, overweight or obesity, and household income are significantly associated with students’ PA. Students who are more often involved in regular daily PA and have higher daily PA levels are more likely to be males whose household income is above average. In order to improve the health of the student population, the public health authorities need to continuously investigate the PA of students and introduce appropriate activities to increase their level of PA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

13 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparison of Meeting Physical Activity and Screen Time Recommendations between Canadian Youth Living in Rural and Urban Communities: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Analysis

by Taru Manyanga, Chelsea Pelletier, Stephanie A. Prince, Eun-Young Lee, Larine Sluggett and Justin J. Lang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4394; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074394 - 06 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1981

Abstract

Meeting the physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time recommendations for children and young people is associated with several health benefits. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of meeting PA and recreational screen time recommendations between the Canadian youth [...] Read more.

Meeting the physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time recommendations for children and young people is associated with several health benefits. The purpose of this study was to compare the odds of meeting PA and recreational screen time recommendations between the Canadian youth living in urban versus rural communities. We analyzed nationally representative cross-sectional data collected as part of the 2017–2018 cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey among young people aged 12–17 years. PA and screen time were self-reported. Sex-specific multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of meeting individual and combined PA and recreational screen time recommendations by rural and urban status after adjusting for individual, socioeconomic, and seasonal covariates. The odds of meeting the PA recommendation were not statistically significantly different among males (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.86–1.18) or females (OR 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99–1.11) living in urban versus rural communities. The odds of meeting the recreational screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among male (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.65–0.77) and female (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.59–0.86) youth living in urban compared to those in rural communities. The odds of meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations were statistically significantly lower among urban males (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.71–0.81) but not females (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.58–1.15) than those from rural communities. These findings suggest that residential context (i.e., urban versus rural) may have a differential impact on meeting the combined PA and screen time recommendations among the male and female Canadian youth. Future research should investigate these differences using device-based measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

9 pages, 906 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Excretion of Ni, Pb, Cu, As, and Hg in Sweat under Two Sweating Conditions

by Wen-Hui Kuan, Yi-Lang Chen and Chao-Lin Liu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4323; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074323 - 04 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2856

Abstract

Physiologists have long regarded sweating as an effective and safe means of detoxification, and heavy metals are excreted through sweat to reduce the levels of such metals in the body. However, the body can sweat through many means. To elucidate the difference in [...] Read more.

Physiologists have long regarded sweating as an effective and safe means of detoxification, and heavy metals are excreted through sweat to reduce the levels of such metals in the body. However, the body can sweat through many means. To elucidate the difference in the excretion of heavy metals among sweating methods, 12 healthy young university students were recruited as participants (6 men and 6 women). Sweat samples were collected from the participants while they were either running on a treadmill or sitting in a sauna cabinet. After they experienced continuous sweating for 20 min, a minimum of 7 mL of sweat was collected from each participant, and the concentrations of nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), and mercury (Hg) were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the sweating method affected the excretion of heavy metals in sweat, with the concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cu, and As being significantly higher during dynamic exercise than during sitting in the sauna (all p < 0.05). However, the concentrations of Hg were unaffected by the sweating method. This study suggests that the removal of heavy metals from the body through dynamic exercise may be more effective than removal through static exposure to a hot environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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8 pages, 805 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Epidemiological Study of Foot Injuries in the Practice of Sport Climbing

by Paula Cobos-Moreno, Álvaro Astasio-Picado and Beatriz Gómez-Martín

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(7), 4302; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074302 - 03 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2353

Abstract

Background. Climbing is a multidisciplinary sport, where the main objective is to reach the highest point of a rock wall or to reach the end of an established route. There are different types of modalities: sport climbing and traditional climbing. The risks and [...] Read more.

Background. Climbing is a multidisciplinary sport, where the main objective is to reach the highest point of a rock wall or to reach the end of an established route. There are different types of modalities: sport climbing and traditional climbing. The risks and precautions taken with respect to this sport will directly affect the epidemiology of injuries related to its practice. The present study was designed to identify and characterize the most frequent injuries in the feet of climbers and to determine if there is a relationship between the injuries that appear and the time spent practicing the sport. Methods. A total of 53 people were collected, 32 men and 21 women, corresponding to the climbers of the FEXME (Extremadura Federation of Mountain and Climbing). To determine the diagnoses, exploratory tests, classified according to the variables to be studied, are carried out: inspection variables and questionnaire variables. Results. The average number of years of climbing was seven years, and the average number of hours of training per week was 6.6 h. Some type of alterations were presented in 70% of the respondents, and foot pain was present during climbing in 45% of the participants. The p-value showed a relationship between years of climbing and the occurrence of chronic foot injuries (p = 0.035), however, there is no relationship between the occurrence of injuries and chronological age. Conclusion. We can see that the most frequent injuries in the practice of climbing are claw toes, dermal alterations such as bursitis of the first toe and hallux limitus, followed by hallux valgus. Similarly, only a significant relationship was found between the number of years of climbing and the appearance of foot injuries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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13 pages, 1344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bicycle Touring 480 km in Seven Days: Effects on Body Composition and Physical Fitness—A Case Study

by David Zúñiga-Moreno, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete and Palma Chillón

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2550; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052550 - 23 Feb 2022

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Abstract

Bicycle touring as a modality of physical activity that involves whole-body cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions could be a potential strategy to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of 7-days bicycle touring [...] Read more.

Bicycle touring as a modality of physical activity that involves whole-body cardiorespiratory and metabolic functions could be a potential strategy to improve body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of 7-days bicycle touring activity on body composition and physical fitness. A total of 13 individuals (three women) participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants were evaluated at baseline and were tracked for up to 12 days after the intervention. The intervention consisted of a 480 km bicycle touring route performed over 8 days. Body weight and body composition (i.e., fat mass and lean mass) were assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Physical fitness was measured using the International Fitness Scale questionnaire. We conducted a repeated-measures analysis of variance to determine changes in body weight and body composition and paired sample t-tests to analyse changes in physical fitness. Significant differences in fat mass were observed between the baseline and both post-intervention (p = 0.003) and re-test values (p = 0.031). Significant differences were also noted in lean mass between the baseline and post-intervention values (p = 0.003), whereas no significant changes were observed when compared the baseline and re-test values (p = 0.178). Significant differences were obtained in cardiorespiratory fitness when comparing the baseline with the post-intervention values (p = 0.016), whereas no significant differences were noted in general fitness, muscular strength, speed/agility, and flexibility (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a 7-day bicycle touring intervention can significantly reduce fat mass and increase lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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13 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Physical Activity and Related Factors among Adults with Visual Impairments in Japan

by Wakako Tatsuta, Takayo Inayama, Erika Yamanaka and Kazunori Ohkawara

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(4), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042244 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1755

Abstract

In Japan, there is a lack of physical activity data on health and disease among people with visual impairments, making it difficult to develop specific strategies for health promotion. This study aimed to identify moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among people with visual impairments [...] Read more.

In Japan, there is a lack of physical activity data on health and disease among people with visual impairments, making it difficult to develop specific strategies for health promotion. This study aimed to identify moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among people with visual impairments in Japan, to examine the percentage of them who meet the MVPA recommended activity, and to identify factors related to MVPA. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a survey of 169 adults with visual impairments. The relationship between MVPA and related factors was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis. The median MVPA was 46 min/day for men and 36 min/day for women, respectively, aged < 65 years, and 26 min/day for men and 34 min/day for women, respectively, aged ≥ 65 years. Seventy-eight percent of the subjects achieved the recommendations by the WHO, and 28% of the subjects < 65 years had achieved the MVPA of 60 min/day recommended by the Japanese Active Guide. Self-efficacy (SE) for PA, recommended PA implementation behavior, subjective walking speed, and exercise habits were significantly associated with MVPA. The current status of MVPA time among people with visual impairments in Japan, as revealed by this study, indicates that it is important to set realistic goals and plan a step-by-step process to achieve the recommendation. In the future, it will be important to develop a program that encourages the improvement of SE and promotes PA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

Review

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33 pages, 949 KiB

Open AccessReview

Determinants of Outdoor Time in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies

by Richard Larouche, Madeline Kleinfeld, Ulises Charles Rodriguez, Cheryl Hatten, Victoria Hecker, David R. Scott, Leanna Marie Brown, Ogochukwu K. Onyeso, Farzana Sadia and Hanako Shimamura

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021328 - 11 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2775

Abstract

Spending more time outdoors can improve children’s social and cognitive development, physical activity, and vision. Our systematic review summarized the determinants of outdoor time (OT) based on the social-ecological model. We searched nine databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register [...] Read more.

Spending more time outdoors can improve children’s social and cognitive development, physical activity, and vision. Our systematic review summarized the determinants of outdoor time (OT) based on the social-ecological model. We searched nine databases: MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, SocINDEX, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. To be included, studies needed to be quantitative and longitudinal, include ≥1 potential determinant of OT among 0- to 17-year-olds, and be published in English, French, Japanese, or Spanish. We extracted the authors, publication year, country, design, sample size, OT measures, follow-up period, potential determinants, main results, and potential moderators or mediators. Fifty-five studies examining 119 potential determinants met the inclusion criteria. OT was consistently higher in warmer seasons and among participants reporting more OT at baseline. All three interventions that included both parent sessions and additional resources to promote OT (e.g., specific advice and community guides) were effective. COVID-19 restrictions and sun safety interventions discouraging midday outdoor activities led to less OT. The quality of evidence was rated as weak for 46 studies. Most potential determinants were examined in ≤3 studies; thus, more longitudinal studies are needed to enable stronger conclusions about the consistency of evidence and meta-analyses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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11 pages, 361 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bodily Practices and Healthy Bodies: Representations of Gymnastics in a Brazilian Women’s Magazine (1940–1950)

by Carolina Fernandes da Silva, Bruna Letícia de Borba, Cassiano Suhre da Rosa, Luiz Felipe Guarise Katcipis, Juliana Pizani and Janice Zarpellon Mazo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315800 - 27 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1088

Abstract

This research aims to understand the influence of bodily practices, especially gymnastics, in the construction of representations of a healthy body conveyed in a Brazilian women’s magazine in the 1940s and 1950s. We use records from the Jornal das Moças magazine for the [...] Read more.

This research aims to understand the influence of bodily practices, especially gymnastics, in the construction of representations of a healthy body conveyed in a Brazilian women’s magazine in the 1940s and 1950s. We use records from the Jornal das Moças magazine for the analysis based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of cultural history. The results show that gymnastics for women was linked to body maintenance and used as a tool for establishing a body standard, thus disciplining and shapingthe construction of women’s health concepts, determined by the aesthetic bias of that period: a slim body as an ideal standard of beauty and health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

18 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessReview

Counseling for Physical Activity in Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scope Review

by Letícia Gonçalves, Mikael Seabra Moraes and Diego Augusto Santos Silva

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8687; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148687 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1838

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this scope review was to map the available scientific evidence on physical activity counseling for adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, SciELO, and CINAHL databases. Studies that [...] Read more.

Objective: The aim of this scope review was to map the available scientific evidence on physical activity counseling for adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, LILACS, SciELO, and CINAHL databases. Studies that described the population of adults over 18 years of age that used physical activity counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic context were selected. Data extracted were author, study location, sample, age group, sex, population characteristics, design, means used for intervention, time of intervention, professionals involved, and intervention or counseling strategy. Results: Physical activity counseling interventions were aimed at participants with insufficient levels of physical activity or with comorbidities; counseling was carried out in the online format; by health professionals, in the highest proportion of coaches, physicians, researchers, and nutritionists; through educational contents regarding the practice of physical activity; and using the transtheoretical model of behavior change as a reference method. Conclusions: The results of this review can provide tools for health professionals to assist in the process of coping with physical inactivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

13 pages, 2045 KiB

Open AccessConcept Paper

Theoretical Derivation of a Telephone-Based Health Coaching Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Nutrition

by Angeli Gawlik, Yeliz Nacak, Jens Kleinert, Uwe Konerding and Frank Vitinius

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(13), 6271; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136271 - 30 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1196

Abstract

Present research regarding interventions to change behavior suffers from insufficient communication of their theoretical derivation. This insufficient communication is caused by the restrictions imposed by most of the relevant scientific journals. This impedes further intervention development. In this article, a telephone-based health coaching [...] Read more.

Present research regarding interventions to change behavior suffers from insufficient communication of their theoretical derivation. This insufficient communication is caused by the restrictions imposed by most of the relevant scientific journals. This impedes further intervention development. In this article, a telephone-based health coaching (TBHC) intervention is introduced using a format outside these restrictions. This intervention is seen as a combination of (1) the activities performed with the target persons, i.e., its core, and (2) measures to ensure the quality of the intervention. The theoretical derivation of the core is presented. The core is seen to consist of (1) the style of coach–patient interaction and (2) the contents of this interaction. The style of coach–patient interaction was derived from self-determination theory and was concretized using motivational interviewing techniques. The contents of the coach–patient interaction were derived from the health action process approach and were concretized using behavior-change techniques. The derivation led to (1) a set of 16 coaching tools referring to the different states in which a patient might be and containing state-specific recommendations for performing the coaching session, and (2) guidelines for selecting the appropriate coaching tool for each session. To ensure the quality of the intervention, a coach-training program before and supervision sessions during the TBHC were added. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health-Related Physical Activity and Exercise)

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