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Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources, Toxicity, and Impacts on the Environment and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2019) | Viewed by 4360

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a result of the broad use of nanoparticles in industry, cosmetics, and domestic articles, exposure to the general population has increased over the years. In addition to directly affecting humans, accumulation in the environment and the risk of potentially adverse effects in natural systems have become issues of concern. Particle properties generally change when in contact with biological materials, and the characterization and quantification of nanoparticles in complex matrixes remains a challenge for analysis. The adsorption of contaminants at a large particle surface may enhance their biological effects. Biological effects may be due to nanoparticles and their specific properties, but may also be caused by ions released from the particles. Furthermore, the physiological aspects of the different exposure routes have to be taken into account.

Although tremendous progress has been made in the estimation of exposure levels, physiologically relevant testing methods, and the identification of mechanisms of toxic action, many open questions and unresolved problems still exist.

This Special Issue is open to original research, review articles, case reports, and meta-analyses that help to understand the exposure levels, accumulation, effects, and modes of action of nanoparticles present in the environment. The keywords listed below suggest just a few of the many possibilities.

Prof. Dr. Eleonore Fröhlich
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Analytical tools
  • Synergistic effects
  • Mechanistic studies
  • Exposure routes
  • Nanoparticle accumulation
  • Repeated exposure
  • In vitro models
  • In vivo models

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2815 KiB  
Article
Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Seedlings Exposed to Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
by Imran Khan, Muhammad Ali Raza, Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Samrah Afzal Awan, Naveed Iqbal Raja, Xinquan Zhang, Sun Min, Bing Chao Wu, Muhammad Jawad Hassan and Linkai Huang
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(13), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132261 - 26 Jun 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3744
Abstract
A rapid and continuous growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via their precursor “silver nitrate” (AgNO3) has increased their environmental risk because of their unsafe discharge into the surrounding environment. Both have damaging effects on plants and induce oxidative stress. In the [...] Read more.
A rapid and continuous growth of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via their precursor “silver nitrate” (AgNO3) has increased their environmental risk because of their unsafe discharge into the surrounding environment. Both have damaging effects on plants and induce oxidative stress. In the present study, differential responses in the morpho-physiological and biochemical profiles of P. glaucum (L.) seedlings exposed to various doses of AgNPs and AgNO3 were studied. Both have forms of Ag accelerated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which adversely affected the membrane stability as a result of their enhanced accumulation, and resulted in a significant reduction in growth, that is, root length, shoot length, fresh and dry biomass, and relative water content. AgNO3 possessed a higher degree of toxicity owing to its higher accumulation than AgNPs, and induced changes in the antioxidants’ enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as proline content, total phenolic, and total flavonoids contents (TFCs) under all tested treatments (mM). A decline in photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll content and carotenoid content and alterations in quantum yield (Fv/Fm), photochemical (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) indicated the blockage of the electron transport chain (ETC), which led to a significant inhibition of photosynthesis. Interestingly, seedlings exposed to AgNPs showed less damaging effects on P. glaucum (L.) seedlings, resulting in relatively lower oxidative stress in contrast to AgNO3. Our results revealed that AgNO3 and AgNPs possessed differential phytotoxic effects on P. glaucum (L.) seedlings, including their mechanism of uptake, translocation, and action. The present findings may be useful in phytotoxic research to design strategies that minimize the adverse effects of AgNPs and AgNO3 on crops, especially in the agriculture sector. Full article
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