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Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults

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Dear Colleagues,

As people age, they may experience several changes that can impact their health and quality of life, including physical and cognitive changes. Common physical changes include decreased muscle mass and strength (i.e., sarcopenia), consequently resulting in impaired mobility, balance problems, and falling. The aging process may also be aggravated by the presence or combination of chronic diseases, poor nutrition, and sedentary behavior, and, once they are related to frailty, a multidimensional state of increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes.

It is understood that regular exercise and proper nutrition are effective to counteract sarcopenia and frailty in older adults, being related to both physical and cognitive aspects. However, there is still much to elucidate. Considering this, this Special Issue aims to disseminate studies focused on identifying the characteristics and/or magnitude of physical and cognitive aspects (or changes) in older people (e.g., by the analysis of body composition, physical function (and activities of daily living), strength, balance, sedentary behavior, noncommunicable diseases); as well as to identify exercise programs (i.e., types, frequency, and intensity) and nutritional programs that can promote health (e.g., prevent or slow the progression of frailty) in this population. Interventions, case-control, cross-sectional, longitudinal, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis studies are welcomed for submission.

Dr. Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

body composition
frailty
physical health
cognitive health
noncommunicable diseases
physical function
muscle power
rehabilitation
sarcopenia
strength

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Research

13 pages, 389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differential Factors Are Associated with Physical Activity in Older Adults in Brazil with and without Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2019 National Health Survey

by Zainovan Serrão Pereira, Amanda Santos da Silva, João Carlos do Nascimento Melo, Jullyane Caldas dos Santos, Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio, Roberto Jerônimo dos Santos Silva, Raphael Henrique de Oliveira Araújo and Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(14), 6329; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146329 - 09 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1026

Abstract

This study analyzed whether sociodemographic factors, health perception, dietary habits, and screen time are related to physical activity (PA) in older people with and without non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey; the sample was older adults (≥60 years old; n = 22,726). The outcome of this study was being physically active or inactive during leisure time, and NCD was used as a moderating variable. The correlates investigated were sociodemographic and health-related variables. According to the logistic regression analysis, it was observed that being male had an association only in the group with NCDs (OR = 1.25 (1.05–1.48)), as well as residing in the northeastern region (OR = 1.26 (1.04–1.53)). On the other hand, high levels of education (OR = 4.09 (2.92–5.2); OR = 1.92 (1.48–2.49)) and income (OR = 1.64 (1.09–2.48); OR = 1.86 (1.33–2.60)) were associated with PA in both groups, as well as dietary habits (OR = 1.03 (1.01–1.05); (OR = 1.05 (1.04–1.07)). Advanced age (OR = 0.96 (0.94–0.97); OR = 0.97 (0.96–0.98)) and reporting a regular health perception (OR = 0.53 (0.43–0.66); OR = 0.61 (0.52–0.73)) were factors associated with physical inactivity in both groups. Gender, education, and income were unequally associated with an active lifestyle in both groups, and therefore, barriers to PA may arise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)

12 pages, 934 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Inter-Examiner and Intra-Examiner Reliability of Quantitative and Qualitative Ultrasonography Assessment of Peripheral and Respiratory Muscles in Critically Ill Patients

by Felipe Douglas Silva Barbosa, José Lucas Dos Santos, Maria Emilia Dantas Alves, Juliana de Ávila Barreto Alves, Telma Cristina Fontes Cerqueira and Valter Joviniano De Santana Filho

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095636 - 25 Apr 2023

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Abstract

ICU patients are exposed to several factors that can lead to muscle structural and functional changes, and ultrasonography can identify them. Although several studies have analyzed the reliability of muscle ultrasonography assessment, a protocol with more muscle assessments becomes a challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the inter and intra-examiner reliability of peripheral and respiratory muscle ultrasonography assessment in critically ill patients. The sample size was 10 individuals aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted to the ICU. Practical training of four health professionals from different backgrounds was performed. After training, each examiner acquired three images to assess the thickness and echogenicity of the muscle groups: biceps brachii, forearm flexor group, quadriceps femoris, tibialis anterior and diaphragm. For the reliability analysis, an intraclass correlation coefficient was performed. Six hundred US images were analyzed for muscle thickness and 150 for echogenicity. Excellent intra-examiner reliability for echogenicity (ICC: 0.867–0.973) and inter-examiner reliability for thickness were found in all muscle groups (ICC: 0.778–0.942). For muscle thickness intra-examiner reliability, excellent results were found (ICC: 0.798–0.988), with a “good” correlation in one diaphragm assessment (ICC: 0.718). Excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the thickness assessment and intra-examiner echogenicity of all muscles analyzed were found. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aging Strong: Promoting Exercise and Nutrition to Combat Frailty in Older Adults)

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