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Special Issue "State-of-the-Art Research of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation"

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 June 2023) | Viewed by 3926

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Prof. Dr. Rui Zuo

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College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Interests: groundwater; ammonium; groundwater pollution remediation; unsaturated zone; risk assessment
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Dear Colleagues,

Groundwater pollution control and remediation is a research hotspot in the current environmental field. The occurrence forms and spatial distribution characteristics of pollutants in groundwater are very important for the assessment of remediation scope and selection of remediation technology. Therefore, the migration and transformation of pollutants in groundwater should be studied extensively. The calculation of pollutant flux at the interface between the vadose zone and groundwater and the identification of pollution sources in groundwater should also be the technical support for control and remediation measures. The currently targeted groundwater pollutant remediation technologies and remediation materials should also be further studied. In particular, studies on material characteristics, process design, scale-up, model simulation, and demonstration engineering should be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of restoration technology or restoration material. We invite papers to be published in this Special Issue that are close to these topics, including the migration and transformation of pollutants in groundwater, calculation of interfacial flux, identification of pollution sources, and application of new remediation technologies and materials.

Prof. Dr. Rui Zuo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Groundwater pollution
Soil pollution
Migration
Transformation
Interface process
Flux calculation Source identification
Remediation technology
Restorative materials

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Research on Risk Assessment and Contamination Monitoring of Potential Toxic Elements in Mining Soils

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043163 - 10 Feb 2023

Viewed by 711

Abstract

Potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination in soils has serious impacts on ecosystems. However, there is no consensus in the field of assessment and monitoring of contaminated sites in China. In this paper, a risk assessment and pollution monitoring method for PTEs was proposed and applied to a mining site containing As, Cd, Sb, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr, V, Zn, Tl, and Cu. The comprehensive scoring method and analytical hierarchical process were used to screen the priority PTEs for monitoring. The potential ecological risk index method was used to calculate the risk index of monitoring point. The spatial distribution characteristics were determined using semi-variance analysis. The spatial distribution of PTEs was predicted using ordinary kriging (OK) and radial basis function (RBF). The results showed that the spatial distribution of As, Pd, and Cd are mainly influenced by natural factors, while Sb and RI are influenced by both natural and human factors. OK has higher spatial prediction accuracy for Sb and Pb, and RBF has higher prediction accuracy for As, Cd, and RI. The areas with high ecological risk and above are mainly distributed on both sides of the creek and road. The optimized long-term monitoring sites can achieve the monitoring of multiple PTEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation)

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Open AccessArticle

Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals Based on Multiple Approaches for a Proposed Subway Line in the Southeast Industrial District of Beijing, China

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010683 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 854

Abstract

Apportioning the sources of heavy metals (HMs) in soil is of great importance for pollution control. A total of 64 soil samples from 13 sample points at depths of 0–21 m were collected along a proposed subway line in the southeast industrial district of Beijing. The concentrations, distribution characteristics, and sources of eight HMs were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, As, and Zn in the topsoil (0–2 m) exceeded the Beijing soil background values. Three sources were identified and their respective contribution rates calculated for each of the HMs using multiple approaches, including correlation analysis (CA), top enrichment factor (TEF), principal component analysis (PCA), and positive matrix factor (PMF) methods. As (63.11%), Cr (61.67%), and Ni (70.80%) mainly originated from natural sources; Hg (97.0%) was dominated by fossil fuel combustion and atmospheric deposition sources; and Zn (72.80%), Pb (69.75%), Cu (65.36%) and Cd (53.08%) were related to traffic sources. Multiple approaches were demonstrated to be effective for HM source apportionment in soil, whilst the results using PMF were clearer and more complete. This work could provide evidence for the selection of reasonable methods to deal with soils excavated during subway construction, avoiding the over-remediation of the soils with heavy metals coming from natural sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation)

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Open AccessArticle

Hydrogeochemical Processes and Connection of Multi-Layer Groundwater System in Sunan Mining Area, Eastern China

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12392; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912392 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 862

Abstract

Groundwater is an important freshwater resource in the world and serves as the main source of water for mining areas in Northern China. Coal mining may cause changes in water quality. As such, to identify ways to prevent water contamination, this study investigates the hydrogeochemical processes and transport paths of a complex aquifer system in the Sunan mining area in Northern China. Using the APFS-MLR model, a geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis, and a hydrochemical correlation analysis method, this study identifies the potential mineral phases in groundwater, the spatial distribution of mineral reactions, and the contribution rate of these reactions to hydrochemical variables. Inverse modeling is used to verify hydrogeochemical process. The study reveals the relationship between multiple aquifers and four hydrological transport paths. Here, Path 1 and Path 2 show that the Quaternary aquifer, Carboniferous aquifer, and Ordovician aquifer are recharging the Permian aquifer through mineral dissolution and precipitation, cation exchange, and sulfate reduction. On the other hand, Path 3 and Path 4 show that tthe connections of Carboniferous and Ordovician limestone aquifers are dominated by the dissolution and precipitation of minerals and cation exchange, and that they are mainly recharged by the Quaternary aquifer. In the future, the water level of the Permian aquifer may rise somewhat after mining ends, and the mixing of water from the Permian aquifer, Quaternary aquifer, Carboniferous aquifer, and Ordovician aquifer could cause cross-pollution. In addition, sewage produced by human activities may recharge the deep water through the shallow water, polluting the deep karst water. As such, measures should be taken to reduce the hydraulic connection between Permian mine water and karst aquifers. The results of this study may benefit water quality predictions and treatment approaches in other complex multi-layer aquifer areas in the world. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation)

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Open AccessArticle

A Study of Sr Sorption Behavior in Claystone from a Candidate High-Level Radioactive Waste Geological Disposal Site under the Action of FeOOH Colloids

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9970; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169970 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 910

Abstract

Colloids have a significant influence on the migration of nuclides in claystone, which is an important geological barrier. The sorption of strontium on claystone in the presence of FeOOH colloids was investigated in samples from the Suhongtu site, a candidate high-level radioactive waste disposal site in China. The effects of colloid amount, solid content, and pH were investigated by batch tests, and the sorption reaction mechanism was analyzed by kinetic modeling and microscopic characterization techniques. The results indicate that the sorption of Sr by claystone increased with the solids content, and the claystone had a stronger Sr sorption capacity under alkaline conditions. The Sr sorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, which revealed that the progress is affected by physical diffusion and chemical sorption. Furthermore, the microscopic characterization results demonstrate that cation exchange reactions and surface complex reactions are the main sorption mechanisms for Sr sorption on claystone. Ca and Mg plasmas in claystone minerals can have cation replacement reactions with Sr, and functional groups such as -OH and [CO₃]²⁻ can have complexation reactions with Sr to adsorb Sr on the surface of the claystone. Additionally, the presence of the FeOOH colloid inhibited the sorption effect of claystone slightly. The FeOOH colloid could occupy sorption sites on the claystone surface, which reduces the activity of the functional groups and inhibits the sorption of Sr on claystone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Research of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation)

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