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Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition)
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Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9682

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonio J. Torija Martinez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Acoustics Research Centre, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
Interests: environmental acoustics; transportation noise; aircraft noise; noise modeling; psychoacoustics; community noise impact
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Charlotte Clark

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
Interests: health effects of noise; environmental noise; transportation noise
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are on the cusp of a revolution in the transportation sector, driven by the significant progression in electric powertrains, and robotics and autonomous systems. Drone operations have significantly grown in recent years and are expected to exponentially grow in the future. If this scenario materialises, drones will become an important source of environmental noise pollution. As a result, and due to their special acoustic characteristics (e.g., tonal noise and high-frequency broadband noise), annoyance reactions to drone noise are likely to occur. Environmental noise and the associated noise annoyance have already been identified as one of the main limiting factors for the wider adoption of drone technologies.

After the successful Special Issue “Drone Noise: A New Public Health Challenge”, this Special Issue seeks research papers on several key topics of drone noise. We encourage the submission of manuscripts that focus on, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Drone noise at the source, including vehicle classification and certification;
  • Drone noise measurement, including procedures and metrics;
  • Novel approaches for drone noise modelling, including noise mapping and auralisation;
  • Management of drone noise, including operating procedures and noise annoyance;
  • Effects of drone noise on human health and well-being;
  • Effects of drone noise on wildlife.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Acoustics.

Dr. Antonio J. Torija Martinez
Prof. Dr. Charlotte Clark
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drone noise
  • environmental noise
  • drone noise sources
  • noise certification
  • noise measurement
  • noise modelling
  • noise annoyance
  • noise management
  • noise effects on humans
  • noise effects on wildlife

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 12504 KiB  
Article
Integrated Evaluation of the Aeroacoustics and Psychoacoustics of a Single Propeller
by Jianwei Sun, Koichi Yonezawa, Eiji Shima and Hao Liu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031955 - 20 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Aeroacoustic noise in multiple rotor drones has been increasingly recognized as a crucial issue, while noise reduction is normally associated with a trade-off between aerodynamic performance and sound suppression as well as sound quality improvement. Here, we propose an integrated methodology to evaluate [...] Read more.
Aeroacoustic noise in multiple rotor drones has been increasingly recognized as a crucial issue, while noise reduction is normally associated with a trade-off between aerodynamic performance and sound suppression as well as sound quality improvement. Here, we propose an integrated methodology to evaluate both aeroacoustics and psychoacoustics of a single propeller. For a loop-type propeller, an experimental investigation was conducted in association with its aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics via a hover stand test in an anechoic chamber; the psychoacoustic performance was then examined with psychoacoustic annoyance models to evaluate five psychoacoustic metrics comprising loudness, fluctuation strength, roughness, sharpness, and tonality. A comparison of the figure of merit (FM), the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) and psychoacoustic metrics was undertaken among a two-blade propeller, a four-blade propeller, the loop-type propeller, a wide chord loop-type propeller, and a DJI Phantom III propeller, indicating that the loop-type propeller enables a remarkable reduction in OASPL and a noticeable improvement in sound quality while achieving comparable aerodynamic performance. Furthermore, the psychoacoustic analysis demonstrates that the loop-type propeller can improve the psychological response to various noises in terms of the higher-level broadband and lower-level tonal noise components. It is thus verified that the integrated evaluation methodology of aeroacoustics and psychoacoustics can be a useful tool in the design of low-noise propellers in association with multirotor drones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 4808 KiB  
Article
A Method to Measure and Model Acoustic Emissions of Multicopters
by Jean Marc Wunderli, Jonas Meister, Oliver Boolakee and Kurt Heutschi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010096 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1251
Abstract
There is a growing interest for commercial applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, but important foundations for an assessment, among others about noise, are missing. This contribution specifically focuses on a method to measure and model the sound radiation of multicopters. The emission prediction [...] Read more.
There is a growing interest for commercial applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, but important foundations for an assessment, among others about noise, are missing. This contribution specifically focuses on a method to measure and model the sound radiation of multicopters. The emission prediction is hereby based on measurements using a multiple regression approach. An important finding is that the directivity pattern is widely independent of the rotational speed of the rotors and of the flight procedure. Consequently, the directivity pattern can be determined for a stationary hover flight, which considerably simplifies the measurement procedure. In addition to a rotational speed-dependent sound emission model for hover flight, a multicopter-specific correction term is required to account for forward flight. The validity of this approach is demonstrated based on the field measurements of three different multicopter models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition))
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16 pages, 9070 KiB  
Article
Requirements for Drone Operations to Minimise Community Noise Impact
by Carlos Ramos-Romero, Nathan Green, Seth Roberts, Charlotte Clark and Antonio J. Torija
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(15), 9299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159299 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2467
Abstract
The number of applications for drones under R&D have growth significantly during the last few years; however, the wider adoption of these technologies requires ensuring public trust and acceptance. Noise has been identified as one of the key concerns for public acceptance. Although [...] Read more.
The number of applications for drones under R&D have growth significantly during the last few years; however, the wider adoption of these technologies requires ensuring public trust and acceptance. Noise has been identified as one of the key concerns for public acceptance. Although substantial research has been carried out to better understand the sound source generation mechanisms in drones, important questions remain about the requirements for operational procedures and regulatory frameworks. An important issue is that drones operate within different airspace, closer to communities than conventional aircraft, and that the noise produced is highly tonal and contains a greater proportion of high-frequency broadband noise compared with typical aircraft noise. This is likely to cause concern for exposed communities due to impacts on public health and well-being. This paper presents a modelling framework for setting recommendations for drone operations to minimise community noise impact. The modelling framework is based on specific noise targets, e.g., the guidelines at a receiver position defined by WHO for sleep quality inside a residential property. The main assumption is that the estimation of drone noise exposure indoors is highly relevant for informing operational constraints to minimise noise annoyance and sleep disturbance. This paper illustrates the applicability of the modelling framework with a case study, where maximum A-weighted sound pressure levels LAmax and sound exposure levels SEL as received in typical indoor environments are used to define drone-façade minimum distance to meet WHO recommendations. The practical and scalable capabilities of this modelling framework make it a useful tool for inferring and assessing the impact of drone noise through compliance with appropriate guideline noise criteria. It is considered that with further refinement, this modelling framework could prove to be a significant tool in assisting with the development of noise metrics, regulations specific to drone operations and the assessment of future drone operations and associated noise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition))
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19 pages, 1446 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Metrics for Assessing Human Response to Drone Noise
by Antonio J. Torija and Rory K. Nicholls
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(6), 3152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063152 - 08 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2656
Abstract
Novel electric air transportation is emerging as an industry that could help to improve the lives of people living in both metropolitan and rural areas through integration into infrastructure and services. However, as this new resource of accessibility increases in momentum, the need [...] Read more.
Novel electric air transportation is emerging as an industry that could help to improve the lives of people living in both metropolitan and rural areas through integration into infrastructure and services. However, as this new resource of accessibility increases in momentum, the need to investigate any potential adverse health impacts on the public becomes paramount. This paper details research investigating the effectiveness of available noise metrics and sound quality metrics (SQMs) for assessing perception of drone noise. A subjective experiment was undertaken to gather data on human response to a comprehensive set of drone sounds and to investigate the relationship between perceived annoyance, perceived loudness and perceived pitch and key psychoacoustic factors. Based on statistical analyses, subjective models were obtained for perceived annoyance, loudness and pitch of drone noise. These models provide understanding on key psychoacoustic features to consider in decision making in order to mitigate the impact of drone noise. For the drone sounds tested in this paper, the main contributors to perceived annoyance are perceived noise level (PNL) and sharpness; for perceived loudness are PNL and fluctuation strength; and for perceived pitch are sharpness, roughness and Aures tonality. Responses for the drone sounds tested were found to be highly sensitive to the distance between drone and receiver, measured in terms of height above ground level (HAGL). All these findings could inform the optimisation of drone operating conditions in order to mitigate community noise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drone Noise: Emission, Modelling and Community Noise Impact (2nd Edition))
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