Control Strategies to Counter Malaria Transmission: Facing Future Challenges for Global Health

A special issue of Infectious Disease Reports (ISSN 2036-7449).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 2473

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Department of Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
Interests: applied mathematics; mathematical modeling; mathematical biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of malaria deaths has been declining, but the disease still claimed over 400,000 lives, of which an estimated 67% were of children under age 5 years, per the 2019 WHO malaria report, disproportionately affecting sub–Saharan Africa. Additionally, an estimated 229 million cases worldwide were reported, a slight increase from the 228 million cases reported in 2018. Thus, control measures aimed at reducing disease burden and morbidity, with a long-term goal aiming towards potential eradication, require strategies that embodies a holistic look at disease transmission dynamics, accounting for (i) mosquito (agent that transmits the disease from one human to another) behavioral and physiological patterns and the factors essential for a successful human–mosquito interaction and mosquito survival; (ii) the parasite dynamics taking into account factors that enable their success in both humans and mosquitoes and their ability to evade the human immune response; (iii) the human behavioral dynamics and actions that can either enhance and/or enable or inhibit a successful transmission and hence control. In addition, challenges such as insecticide resistance, drug resistance, and shifts in climatic patterns, and their effects on mosquito abundance and malaria dynamics need to be considered in diverse malaria regions.

Prof. Dr. Miranda I. Teboh-Ewungkem
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • malaria
  • mosquito dynamics
  • in-human-host parasite dynamics
  • in-mosquito vector parasite dynamic
  • antimalarial resistance
  • insecticide resistance
  • human behavioral dynamics
  • climate effects
  • mosquito abundance

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 897 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Submicroscopic Parasitemia on Malaria Rapid Diagnosis in Northeastern Tanzania, an Area with Diverse Transmission Patterns
by Robert Diotrephes Kaaya, Johnson Matowo, Debora Kajeguka, Filemoni Tenu, Boniface Shirima, Franklin Mosha and Reginald Kavishe
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2022, 14(6), 798-809; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr14060082 - 25 Oct 2022
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Abstract
Global malaria epidemiology has changed in the last decade with a substantial increase in cases and deaths being recorded. Tanzania accounts for about 4% of all cases and deaths reported in recent years. Several factors contribute to the resurgence of malaria, parasite resistance [...] Read more.
Global malaria epidemiology has changed in the last decade with a substantial increase in cases and deaths being recorded. Tanzania accounts for about 4% of all cases and deaths reported in recent years. Several factors contribute to the resurgence of malaria, parasite resistance to antimalarials and mosquito resistance to insecticides being at the top of the list. The presence of sub-microscopic infections poses a significant challenge to malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDT). Our cross-sectional surveys in Handeni and Moshi, Tanzania assessed the effect of low parasite density on mRDT. Handeni had higher malaria prevalence by mRDT (39.6%), light microscopy (LM) (16.9%) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (18.5%), compared to Moshi with prevalence of 0.2%, 1.3% and 2.3%, respectively. A significant difference (p ˂ 0.001) in malaria prevalence by mRDT, LM and nested PCR was found among age groups. In comparison to all other groups, school-age children (5–15 years) had the highest prevalence of malaria. Our results show that mRDT may miss up to 6% of cases of malaria mainly due to low-density parasitemia when compared to LM and PCR. Routinely used mRDT will likely miss the sub-microscopic parasitemia which will ultimately contribute to the spread of malaria and hinder efforts of elimination. Full article
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