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Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics

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Dear Colleagues,

In a time where matters pertaining to water demand/scarcity, flood control, land degradation and sedimentation in streams and reservoirs grow into first-line priorities for catchment managers and stakeholders, understanding the hydrological processes and sediment dynamics is more relevant than ever. In recent years, water and sediment cycles have been subjected to stresses such as extreme storms or drought or fluctuations in the flow regime; hence, any advancements in hydrology, flow, and sediment dynamics are crucial.

A range of techniques, including modeling, remote sensing, field measurements, and experimental methods, are currently used in relevant studies. These techniques lead to simulations, data monitoring and analysis, or empirical observations.

The aim of this issue is to investigate the hydrological processes in surfaces or groundwater, as well as the soil erosion and/or stream sediment transport processes at any temporal or spatial scale throughout a catchment, including experimental plots. Studies on the entire chain of the aforementioned processes, or on single parts of the chain, are equally welcomed.

Dr. Konstantinos Kaffas
Dr. Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo
Prof. Dr. Vlassios Hrissanthou
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Hydrology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

streamflow discharge
soil erosion
sediment transport
surface runoff
modeling
groundwater
measurements
sedimentation
catchment

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Research

14 pages, 12805 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scour Reduction around Bridge Pier Using the Airfoil-Shaped Collar

by Lav Kumar Gupta, Manish Pandey, P. Anand Raj and Jaan H. Pu

Hydrology 2023, 10(4), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10040077 - 30 Mar 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1920

Abstract

Scouring around the bridge pier is a natural and complex phenomenon that results in bridge failure. Failure of bridges have potential devastation and public safety and economic loss, which lead to political consequences and environmental impacts. Therefore, it is essential to countermeasure the [...] Read more.

b_{c 1}

= 1.5b,

b_{c 2}

= 2.0b,

b_{c 3}

= 2.5b and

b_{c 4}

= 3.0b, where

b_{c}

and

b

are the diameter of the airfoil-shaped collar and pier, respectively) as a scour countermeasure. All the experiments are conducted under clear water conditions with uniform sediment and a constant water depth (y) of 10 cm. Airfoil-shaped collar is placed at four elevations, i.e., bed level, y/4, y/2 and 3y/4 above the sediment bed level. It is observed that the maximum percentages of scour reduction of 86, 100 and 100% occurred due to protection provided by the collar

b_{c 2}

b_{c 3}

and

b_{c 4}

, respectively, at sediment bed level. So, collars

b_{c 2}

b_{c 3}

and

b_{c 4}

are efficient at the sediment bed level. The profiles of scour hole show that the length of the transverse scour hole is greater than that of the longitudinal one. Numerical investigation of the morphological changes in sediment bed and scour depth contours is developed using the FLOW-3D for the pier with and without the airfoil-shaped collar. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics)

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13 pages, 1184 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Assessing the Effect of Spatial Variation in Soils on Sediment Loads in Yazoo River Watershed

by Vivek Venishetty, Prem B. Parajuli and Filip To

Hydrology 2023, 10(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10030062 - 02 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1796

Abstract

Sediment deposition in river channels from various topographic conditions has been one of the major contributors to water quality impairment through non-point sources. Soil is one of the key components in sediment loadings, during runoff. Yazoo River Watershed (YRW) is the largest watershed in Mississippi. Topography in the watershed has been classified into two types based on land-use and slope conditions: Delta region with a slope ranging from 0% to 3% and Bluff hills with a slope exceeding 10%. YRW spans over 50,000 km²; the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate soil-specific sediment loss in the watershed. Soil predominance was based on spatial coverage; a total of 14 soil types were identified, and the sediment contributed by those soils was quantified. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, sediment, Total Nitrogen (TN), Total Phosphorus (TP), and Crop yield for soybeans. Model performance was evaluated using the Coefficient of determination (R²), Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency index (NSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The performance was good for streamflow, ranging between 0.34 and 0.83, and 0.33 and 0.81, for both R² and NSE, respectively. Model performance for sediment and nutrient was low-satisfactory as R² and NSE ranged between 0.14 and 0.40, and 0.14 and 0.35, respectively. In the case of crop yield, model performance was satisfactory during calibration and good for validation with an R² of 0.56 and 0.76 and with a MAPE of 11.21% and 10.79%, respectively. Throughout YRW, soil type Smithdale predicted the highest sediment loads with 115.45 tons/ha/year. Sediment loss in agricultural fields with a soybean crop was also analyzed, where soil type Alligator predicted the highest with 8.37 tons/ha/year. Results from this study demonstrate a novel addition to the scientific community in understanding sediment loads based on soil types, which can help stakeholders in decision-making toward soil conservation and improving the environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics)

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