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Horticulturae
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Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops
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Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Biotic and Abiotic Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (16 February 2024) | Viewed by 18455

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza

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Guest Editor
Department of Horticulture, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
Interests: nanotechnology; plant biostimulation; biostimulants; biofortification; plant stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yolanda González-García

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Guest Editor
Department of Botany, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
Interests: plant ecophysiology; nanomaterials; plant stress
Dr. Fabián Pérez Labrada

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Guest Editor
Department of Botany, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
Interests: plant physiology; plant stress; iron; calcareous soil; organic acids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Susana González-Morales

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Guest Editor
CONACYT-UAAAN, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico
Interests: plant stress; defense mechanism in plants; gene expression; drought; saline stress; high and low temperature stress; biostimulants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global horticultural industry brings economic, social, and human health benefits; there is no doubt that these benefits are multidimensional. However, the climatic emergency, through changes in weather patterns and different environmental stresses, carries a significant potential impact on horticultural production. Despite the growth of protected horticulture in recent decades, crops on greenhouses, mulches, and shade nets are not exempt from the unfavorable effect of various stresses. Additionally, in terms of area and production volume, a considerable part of horticultural crops is grown in open fields. Due to the above, research on the impact of abiotic factors on the productivity, quality, and yield of different species of horticultural crops is relevant and topical.

This Special Issue aims to present some of the results of research conducted by colleagues interested in the different facets of abiotic stress in horticulture, from a molecular, biochemical, physiological, or productivity point of view. The various production systems and the botanical diversity of horticultural crops are welcome as a relevant component of this Special Issue. We invite to this Special Issue research articles and reviews on horticulture and plant abiotic stress.

Dr. Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza
Dr. Yolanda González-García
Dr. Fabián Pérez Labrada
Dr. Susana González-Morales
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biostimulants
  • biostimulation
  • salinity
  • drought
  • heat stress
  • cold stress
  • heavy metals
  • nutrient stress
  • soil health
  • soil quality

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2335 KiB  
Article
Changes in Growth Parameters, C:N:P Stoichiometry and Non-Structural Carbohydrate Contents of Zanthoxylum armatum Seedling in Response to Five Soil Types
by Tao Gu, Hongyu Ren, Mengying Wang, Wenzhang Qian, Yunyi Hu, Yao Yang, Ting Yu, Kuangji Zhao and Shun Gao
Horticulturae 2024, 10(3), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030261 - 08 Mar 2024
Viewed by 673
Abstract
Zanthoxylum armatum (Z. armatum) is an economic crop widely planted for both spice and medicinal purposes in Southwest China. Soil is a key environmental condition that affects seedling growth and development, and screening suitable soil types is of great significance for the [...] Read more.
Zanthoxylum armatum (Z. armatum) is an economic crop widely planted for both spice and medicinal purposes in Southwest China. Soil is a key environmental condition that affects seedling growth and development, and screening suitable soil types is of great significance for the large-scale cultivation of crops. This study designed growth experiments of Z. armatum seedlings in red soil (RS), yellow soil (YS), acidic purple soil (ACPS), alkaline purple soil (ALPS), and alluvial soil (AS) to screen for more suitable soil types. The growth traits of Z. armatum seedlings and the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), C:N:P stoichiometry, and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content of different organs were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the morphological indexes of Z. armatum seedlings cultured in AS were better than those in the other four soils.AS and RS may be beneficial for the culture of Z. armatum seedlings due to higher nutrient levels in three organs. Two-factor ANOVA and PCA analysis showed that C, N, and P and their proportions would affect the uptake and distribution of NSC in various organs of Z. armatum seedlings. These results showed that soil types and plant organs significantly affected the accumulation and distribution of N, P, and NSC in Z. armatum seedlings. These results are conducive to screening soil types suitable for the growth and development of Z. armatum and provide data support for further large-scale cultivation of Z. armatum in suitable areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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16 pages, 1821 KiB  
Article
Differential Tolerance of Primary Metabolism of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer to Water Stress Modulates Alkaloid Production
by Ana Beatriz Marques Honório, Ivan De-la-Cruz-Chacón, Gustavo Cabral da Silva, Carolina Ovile Mimi, Felipe Girotto Campos, Magali Ribeiro da Silva, Carmen Silvia Fernandes Boaro and Gisela Ferreira
Horticulturae 2024, 10(3), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030220 - 25 Feb 2024
Viewed by 744
Abstract
Annona emarginata produces alkaloids of ecological and pharmacological interest and is tolerant to water and biotic stress, so it is used as rootstock for other Annonaceae fruits. There are few reports in the literature on how contrasting water stress impacts the production of [...] Read more.
Annona emarginata produces alkaloids of ecological and pharmacological interest and is tolerant to water and biotic stress, so it is used as rootstock for other Annonaceae fruits. There are few reports in the literature on how contrasting water stress impacts the production of specialized metabolites in Annonaceae and how primary metabolism adjusts to support such production. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate how drought and flooding stress affect alkaloid concentration and the primary metabolism of young A. emarginata plants. Three water levels (flooding, field capacity, and drought) were studied at two moments (stress and recovery). Variables analyzed were gas exchange levels, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf sugars, total alkaloid content, alkaloid profile, and Liriodenine concentration. The photosynthetic metabolism of A. emarginata was affected by water stress, with plants having a greater ability to adapt to drought conditions than to flooding. During the drought, a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency with subsequent recovery, higher starch and trehalose concentrations in leaves, and total alkaloids in roots (480 µg.g−1) were observed. Under flooding, there was a reduction in photochemical efficiency during stress, indicating damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, without reversal during the recovery period, as well as a higher concentration of total sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose, glucose, and fructose in leaves, and Liriodenine in roots (100 µg.g−1), with a lower concentration of total alkaloids (90 µg.g−1). It could be concluded that there is differential tolerance of A. emarginata to water stress, inducing the modulation of alkaloid production, while drought promotes a higher concentration of total alkaloids and flooding leads to an increase in the Liriodenine concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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14 pages, 5340 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Analysis, Combined with Omics of Chilling Injury Mechanism of Peach Fruits with Different Cold Sensitivities during Postharvest Cold Storage
by Wenduo Zhan, Yan Wang, Wenyi Duan, Ang Li, Yule Miao, Hongmei Wang, Junren Meng, Hui Liu, Liang Niu, Lei Pan, Shihang Sun, Guochao Cui, Zhiqiang Wang and Wenfang Zeng
Horticulturae 2024, 10(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010046 - 02 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 893
Abstract
The storage of peach fruits at 4–5 °C can easily lead to chilling injury and greatly reduce the quality and commercial value of peach fruits. In this study, two kinds of peach fruits (CX and CM) were selected to analyze the mechanisms of [...] Read more.
The storage of peach fruits at 4–5 °C can easily lead to chilling injury and greatly reduce the quality and commercial value of peach fruits. In this study, two kinds of peach fruits (CX and CM) were selected to analyze the mechanisms of chilling injury in fruits with different chilling sensitivity by means of their lipidomic, transcriptome, and dynamic changes in plant hormones. We found that the ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and lipid contents changed differently between CX and CM. The ABA and dilactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) contents significantly increased after refrigeration in CM fruit, leading to strong cold resistance. However, low temperatures induced a greater accumulation of ethylene, phospholipids, and ABA-GE in CX fruit than in CM fruit, eventually leading to more severe CI symptoms in CX fruit. Additionally, a transcriptional regulatory network for CM and CX fruits during cold storage was constructed, providing a new theoretical reference for the cultivation of cold-resistant peach cultivars and the development of postharvest preservation technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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12 pages, 3467 KiB  
Article
Tomato Accumulates Cadmium to a Concentration Independent of Plant Growth
by Xingyu Zhang, Cong Zhang and Yuyang Zhang
Horticulturae 2023, 9(12), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121343 - 15 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1037
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a growing concern, as exposure to the metal has been shown to inhibit plant growth and development. However, soil Cd pollution in China is typically mild, and thus its concentration often does not impede plant growth. On the other [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a growing concern, as exposure to the metal has been shown to inhibit plant growth and development. However, soil Cd pollution in China is typically mild, and thus its concentration often does not impede plant growth. On the other hand, it is unknown if increased plant growth impacts Cd uptake, movement, and accumulation. Here, we analyzed the relationship between Cd accumulation in 31 tomato cultivars and the impact on specific growth parameters in mild Cd contamination. The results showed that there are variations in the Cd distribution among the 31 tomato cultivars studied. There were higher Cd concentrations in shoots of the cultivar ‘SV3557’, whereas root Cd concentrations were the lowest. The roots of the cultivar ‘HF11’ recorded the lowest Cd content but had higher Cd content in the shoots. The Cd concentration in roots and shoots was not related to root length, plant height, and root weight. However, Cd accumulation in the shoots was markedly promoted by root length and plant height, and Cd accumulation in the roots was promoted by root weight. Subsequently, we imposed Cd on four selected tomato cultivars to ascertain their accumulation in the shoot tissues. The results revealed that, among the four tomato cultivars, Cd was highly accumulated in the leaves, followed by the stems, and the fruits (leaf > stem > fruit). When identifying significant loci associated with Cd accumulation in tomato plants, it is crucial to find a suitable indicator to assess the plant’s ability to accumulate Cd. Thus, Cd concentration in shoots can be used as a reliable proxy for evaluating tomato plants’ capacity for Cd accumulation. This study serves as a valuable reference in guiding the selection of such an index. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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13 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Maternal Environment and Priming Agents Effect Germination and Seedling Quality in Pitaya under Salt Stress
by Burcu Begüm Kenanoğlu, Kerem Mertoğlu, Melekber Sülüşoğlu Durul, Nazan Korkmaz and Ayşen Melda Çolak
Horticulturae 2023, 9(11), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111170 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 936
Abstract
Lack of water and salinity are common problems in many parts of the world. Therefore, some types of cacti can present as promising crops. Therefore, the ability of cactus species to survive and adapt under natural stress conditions should be evaluated. The experiment [...] Read more.
Lack of water and salinity are common problems in many parts of the world. Therefore, some types of cacti can present as promising crops. Therefore, the ability of cactus species to survive and adapt under natural stress conditions should be evaluated. The experiment was aimed at evaluating the effect of salt stress on germination and emergence of pitaya seeds obtained from different species (Hyloceresu undatus (Haw.) Britton and Rose and Hylocereus polyrhizus (Lem.) Britton and Rose), priming with plant growth regulators, namely salicylic acid (SA), oxalic acid (OA) and mepiquat chloride (MC). The experiment had a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme corresponding to two pitaya cultivars (white- and red-fleshed), four NaCl concentrations (0, 2500, 5000 and 10,000 ppm), and three PGRs (150 ppm/MC, SA, OC). According to the results, the maternal environment of the seed was important in salt stress resistance, while seeds matured in the environment with red fruit flesh were more tolerant to salt stress. Although Pitaya species are relatively salt-tolerant, growth (about 30%) was significantly reduced above 2500 ppm and germination (about 45%) above 5000 ppm. Germination percentage stood out as the most important trait determining seed quality and had positive effects on the germination stress tolerance index (r: 0.63), seedling length (r: 0.74) and fresh seedling weight (r: 0.56). This is the first study of how maternal environment affects germination and seedling quality under saline conditions in Hylocereus. The results obtained may contribute to pitaya cultivation and breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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14 pages, 1613 KiB  
Article
Combined Use of TiO2 Nanoparticles and Biochar Produced from Moss (Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.) Biomass for Chinese Spinach (Amaranthus dubius L.) Cultivation under Saline Stress
by Ivan Širić, Sadeq K. Alhag, Laila A. Al-Shuraym, Boro Mioč, Valentino Držaić, Sami Abou Fayssal, Vinod Kumar, Jogendra Singh, Piyush Kumar, Rattan Singh, Rakesh Kumar Bachheti, Madhumita Goala, Pankaj Kumar and Ebrahem M. Eid
Horticulturae 2023, 9(9), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091056 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1058
Abstract
Salinity-induced soil degradation poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and requires innovative crop-management strategies. In this study, the synergistic effect of biochar and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from moss (Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.) biomass on the growth, yield, biochemical, and [...] Read more.
Salinity-induced soil degradation poses a significant challenge to agricultural productivity and requires innovative crop-management strategies. In this study, the synergistic effect of biochar and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from moss (Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Ångstr.) biomass on the growth, yield, biochemical, and enzymatic response of Chinese spinach (Amaranthus dubius L.) grown under salinity stress was investigated. Purposely, A. dubius was grown under different combinations of arable soil, biochar, TiO2 NPs, and saline soils. The produced biochar and TiO2 NPs were characterized using microscopy image analysis, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), zeta potential, particle size distribution, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that saline stress caused a significant (p < 0.05) decline in growth, yield, and biochemical constituents of A. dubius compared to control treatments. However, the combined application of biochar and TiO2 NPs significantly (p < 0.05) alleviated the saline stress and resulted in optimum fresh weight (30.81 g/plant), dry weight (4.90 g/plant), shoot and root length (28.64 and 12.54 cm), lead number (17.50), leaf area (12.50 cm2/plant), chlorophyll (2.36 mg/g), carotenoids (2.85 mg/g), and relative water content (82.10%). Biochar and TiO2-NP application helped to reduce the levels of stress enzymes such as catalase (2.93 µmol/min/mg P), superoxide dismutase (SOD: 2.47 EU/g P), peroxidase (POD: 40.03 EU/min/g P), and ascorbate peroxidase (3.10 mM/mg P) in saline soil. The findings of this study suggest that the combination of nanotechnology and biochar derived from unconventional biomass can be a viable option to mitigate salinity-related challenges and enhance crop yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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16 pages, 1026 KiB  
Article
Effects of Citric Acid and Humic-like Substances on Yield, Enzyme Activities, and Expression of Genes Involved in Iron Uptake in Tomato Plants
by Fabián Pérez-Labrada, Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza, Antonio Juárez-Maldonado, Susana Solís-Gaona and Susana González-Morales
Horticulturae 2023, 9(6), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060630 - 27 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1507
Abstract
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common abiotic stress on plants growing in calcareous soils where low organic matter content, high carbonate–bicarbonate concentration, and high pH precipitate Fe in unavailable forms. Enzymatic activity is a mechanism for plants to access soil nutrients; enzymes such [...] Read more.
Iron (Fe) deficiency is a common abiotic stress on plants growing in calcareous soils where low organic matter content, high carbonate–bicarbonate concentration, and high pH precipitate Fe in unavailable forms. Enzymatic activity is a mechanism for plants to access soil nutrients; enzymes such as H+-ATPase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), and the intracellular enzyme ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) are involved in Fe absorption. The effects of the application of citric acid (CA) and humic-like substances (HLS) on the yield, H+-ATPase, PEPC, and FRO enzyme activity, and expression of LeHA1, LePEPC1, and LeFRO1 genes in tomato plants grown under calcareous soil were studied. CA and HLS improved the SPAD units and increased the number of harvested fruits and yield per plant. Temporary alterations in enzyme activity, which reduced PEPC and FRO activity in roots, were documented. In leaf tissue, CA resulted in lower expression of LeHA1 and LePEPC1 and the induction of LeFRO1 expression, whereas HLS application resulted in higher expression of LePEPC1 and LeFRO1. In roots, LeHA1 expression increased with HLS, whereas LePEPC1 and LeFRO1 showed lower expression with CA and HLS, respectively. The application of CA and HLS through a nutrient solution in combination with Fe-chelate can improve Fe nutrition in tomato plants potted in calcareous soil by inducing temporal alterations in PEPC and FRO enzyme activity and LeFRO1 and LeHA1 gene expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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18 pages, 2637 KiB  
Article
Potential of Suaeda nudiflora and Suaeda fruticosa to Adapt to High Salinity Conditions
by Abhishek Joshi, Vishnu D. Rajput, Krishan K. Verma, Tatiana Minkina, Karen Ghazaryan and Jaya Arora
Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010074 - 06 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
The deposition of salts in soil seems likely to become a significant barrier for plant development and growth. Halophytes that flourish in naturally saline habitats may sustain extreme salt levels by adopting different acclimatory traits. Insight into such acclimatory features can be useful [...] Read more.
The deposition of salts in soil seems likely to become a significant barrier for plant development and growth. Halophytes that flourish in naturally saline habitats may sustain extreme salt levels by adopting different acclimatory traits. Insight into such acclimatory features can be useful for devising salt-resilient crops and the reclamation of saline soil. Therefore, salinity-induced responses were studied in two halophytes, i.e., Suaeda nudiflora and Suaeda fruticosa, at a high soil salinity level (ECe 65) to explore their possible tolerance mechanisms in their natural habitat. Samples of different tissues were collected from both Suaeda species for the determination of physio-biochemical attributes, i.e., ionic (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−) content, osmo-protective compounds (proline, soluble sugars, soluble proteins), total phenolic content, and antioxidant components. Heavy metal composition and accumulation in soil and plant samples were also assessed, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was conducted to explore cellular metabolite pools with respect to high salinity. The results showed that both species considerably adjusted the above-mentioned physio-biochemical attributes to resist high salinity, demonstrated by quantitative differences in their above-ground tissues. The FTIR profiles confirmed the plants’ differential responses in terms of variability in lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and cell wall constituents. The high capacity for Na+ and Cl− accumulation and considerable bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for metals, mainly Fe and Zn, validate the importance of both Suaeda species as phytodesalination plants and their potential use in the phytoremediation of salt- and metal-polluted soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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14 pages, 1306 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Growth Factors and Mathematical Modeling of Nutrient Media for the Shoots Multiplication In Vitro of Rare Plants of the Rostov Region
by Vasiliy A. Chokheli, Semyon D. Bakulin, Olga Yu. Ermolaeva, Boris L. Kozlovsky, Pavel A. Dmitriev, Victoriya V. Stepanenko, Igor V. Kornienko, Anastasia A. Bushkova, Vishnu D. Rajput and Tatiana V. Varduny
Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010060 - 04 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
Micropropagation is an effective way to preserve the gene pool of threatened plants. This study is devoted to the mathematical modeling of nutrient media and the study of the effect of mT (meta-topoline) on the multiplication of shoots of Hedysarum grandiflorum, [...] Read more.
Micropropagation is an effective way to preserve the gene pool of threatened plants. This study is devoted to the mathematical modeling of nutrient media and the study of the effect of mT (meta-topoline) on the multiplication of shoots of Hedysarum grandiflorum, Hyssopus cretaceus, and Matthiola fragrans in vitro in comparison with benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KT). Initiation was performed on an MS medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP. For shoots multiplication, MS, B5, and WPM media were used with the addition of mT, BAP, KT. For H. grandiflorum, the multiplication coefficient of shoots was highest on medium B5 with the addition of mT at a concentration of 1 mg/L—2.90 shoots per plant, for H. cretaceus—B5 + 0.5 mg/L mT, and for M. fragrans—B5 + 1 mg/L KT. A positive effect of mT on H. grandiflorum and M. fragrans in vitro was found. The efficiency of using KT for H. cretaceus shoot multiplication is shown. The effectiveness of the B5 nutrient medium for H. grandiflorum and M. fragrans was determined. The positive effect of WPM for H. cretaceus micropropagation has been demonstrated. It is not recommended to use the MS media for micropropagation of these plant species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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16 pages, 1603 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Identity and Properties of Two Bacilli Strains and their Potential to Alleviate Drought and Heavy Metal Stress
by Aruna Kumari Andy, Vishnu D. Rajput, Marina Burachevskaya and Vinod Singh Gour
Horticulturae 2023, 9(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9010046 - 02 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Naturally available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzymes, and are capable of processing the plant-borne ACC by converting it into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. Thus, the PGPRs help in the depletion of ethylene levels, and enhance abiotic stress tolerance in [...] Read more.
Naturally available plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase enzymes, and are capable of processing the plant-borne ACC by converting it into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. Thus, the PGPRs help in the depletion of ethylene levels, and enhance abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In the present study, two rhizobacterial strains, i.e., Bacillus cereus and B. haynesii, isolated from Vigna mungo and Phaseolus vulgaris, were used. These strains were taxonomically identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as B. cereus and B. haynesii, with NCBI accession numbers LC514122 and LC 514123, respectively. The phylogeny of these strains has also been worked out based on homology, with data available on NCBI GenBank. The strains were screened for their plant growth-promoting traits, and quantified in the same way. The enzymatic activity and molecular weight of the ACC deaminase obtained from both bacterial strains have also been determined. An in vitro drought tolerance study was done by using PEG 6000. These bacterial strains exhibited higher ACC deaminase activity (~5 to 6 µmol/mL), exopolysaccharide yield (15 to 18 mg/10 mL protein), and indole acetic acid (27–32 µg/mL). These characteristics indicate that the bacterial strains under present study may be helpful in enhancing the drought tolerance of the crops with enhanced yield. Bacillus cereus has been found to be a tolerant strain to As, Ba, and Ni, based on the plate assay method, and so it has the potential to be used as biofertilizer in fields affected by these metals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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Review

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14 pages, 11265 KiB  
Review
The Content of Heavy Metals in Medicinal Plants in Various Environmental Conditions: A Review
by Natalya Vinogradova, Alexander Glukhov, Victor Chaplygin, Pradeep Kumar, Saglara Mandzhieva, Tatiana Minkina and Vishnu D. Rajput
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020239 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4103
Abstract
Nowadays people are becoming poisoned through the consumption of herbal remedies that comprise heavy metals (HMs) worldwide. It is possible for HMs to be present in pharmaceutical herb materials coming from anthropogenic activities like agriculture, industrial waste, and natural sources. In various ethnic [...] Read more.
Nowadays people are becoming poisoned through the consumption of herbal remedies that comprise heavy metals (HMs) worldwide. It is possible for HMs to be present in pharmaceutical herb materials coming from anthropogenic activities like agriculture, industrial waste, and natural sources. In various ethnic groups, there is evidence that contaminants were purposefully added in the belief that they had some sort of therapeutic benefit. HM toxicity of medicinal plant products has been linked to a wide range of adverse health effects, causing dysfunction of the liver, kidney, and heart, and even death. Natural plant-based products established around the world have progressed to the point that they now combine a variety of synthetic products for their purported medical benefits. This assessment focuses on the impacts of HMs on plants, sources of HMs, herbal sample collection, and identification techniques, especially in medicinal plant samples. At the same time, it focuses on the sociocultural applications of HMs as well as the dangers associated with their usage in conventional therapies. It is necessary to implement appropriate regulation and monitoring systems for natural supplements due to the prevalence of hazardous HMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Responses to Abiotic Stresses in Horticultural Crops)
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