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Horticulturae
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The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses
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The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Biotic and Abiotic Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 December 2023) | Viewed by 5341

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yang Liu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
Interests: plant defense; functional traits; tree physiology
Dr. Taikui Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: genome evolution; phylogenomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants are a key element of the ecosystem because they help mitigate the negative impacts of complex climate changes such as increased carbon dioxide levels, high temperature, drought, etc. When trees suffer from environmental stress, they must physiologically respond to all kinds of adversity to improve their survival ability. This includes the maintenance of elemental stoichiometry, changes in soil microbial diversity, the alteration of morphological structure, changes in photochemical activities, the increase in osmotic metabolites, the production of hormones and signaling molecules, the accumulation of secondary metabolites, etc. The exploration of the response mechanisms of trees under environmental stresses is of great significance to improve plant production and environmental protection. The goal of this Special Issue is to present an overview of the fundamental discoveries in the field of the response mechanisms of trees under abiotic stresses such as drought, atmospheric nitrogen deposition, soil acidification and salinization. We welcome submissions of different types of manuscripts, including original research papers, reviews, and methods, including but not limited to field experiment, applied molecular or omics research regarding fruits, vegetables, floriculture, nursery and ornamental woody plants, herbs, etc.

Dr. Yang Liu
Dr. Taikui Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • secondary metabolites and plant defense
  • elemental stoichiometry
  • molecular adaptation mechanisms
  • microbial diversity
  • functional traits
  • genomic landscape of adaptation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3898 KiB  
Article
Species-Specific Level Variation in Polyamines in Coniferous and Deciduous Woody Plant Species in Urban Areas
by Marko Kebert, Saša Kostić, Milena Rašeta, Dejan V. Stojanović, Srđan Stojnić and Saša Orlović
Horticulturae 2023, 9(10), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101157 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1287
Abstract
Urban heat islands (UHIs) and global warming will unavoidably have a negative impact on human health in urban areas, making urban forests much more susceptible to the risk of heat waves than forests. It is pivotal for urban forest management to understand tree [...] Read more.
Urban heat islands (UHIs) and global warming will unavoidably have a negative impact on human health in urban areas, making urban forests much more susceptible to the risk of heat waves than forests. It is pivotal for urban forest management to understand tree species’ adaptation mechanisms by focusing on the species-dependent variability of polyamines (PAs), significant players in the amelioration of biotic and abiotic stress in plants, to mitigate the negative effects of UHIs and global warming on human health. Based on this background, the content of major polyamines (PAs) (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and total phenolics and the corresponding antioxidant capacities were determined and analyzed in the 24 most prevalent deciduous and coniferous tree species found in urban areas, namely Futoški Park in Novi Sad (Serbia). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with fluorometric detection (HPLC-FD) was used to separate and quantify major PAs from tree species. Results showed a species-specific level variation in polyamines, total phenolic, and antioxidant capacity in coniferous and deciduous woody plant species in inspected urban areas. In terms of total PA content, the most notable deciduous tree species were Betula pendula, Junglans regia, and Quercus rubra, while the coniferous tree species Thuja occidentalis, Taxodium distichum, Pinus nigra, and Abies concolor stand out. The most dominant foliar PA in most of the inspected species was putrescine (ranging from 527.67 to 10,049.3 nmol g−1 DW), followed by spermidine (from 250.56 to 2015.92 nmol g−1 DW) and spermine (from 168.8 to 718.41 nmol g−1 DW). Furthermore, significant intra-genus variability in terms of PA content was recorded within the genera Pinus, Thuja, and Picea. This study demonstrated that the PA and phenolic compounds, in combination with antioxidant assays, can serve as reliable and trustworthy criteria and descriptors for the selection of adaptable tree species in the context of urban climate–smart forestry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses)
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10 pages, 1689 KiB  
Article
Effect of Simulated Organic–Inorganic N Deposition on Leaf Stoichiometry, Chlorophyll Content, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Torreya grandis
by Yichao Yuan, Haochen Zhang, Xianmeng Shi, Yini Han, Yang Liu and Songheng Jin
Horticulturae 2023, 9(9), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091042 - 16 Sep 2023
Viewed by 819
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is coupled with organic nitrogen (ON) and inorganic nitrogen (IN); however, little is known about plant growth and the balance of elements in Torreya grandis growing under different ON/IN ratios. Here, we investigated the effects of ON/IN ratios (1/9, [...] Read more.
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is coupled with organic nitrogen (ON) and inorganic nitrogen (IN); however, little is known about plant growth and the balance of elements in Torreya grandis growing under different ON/IN ratios. Here, we investigated the effects of ON/IN ratios (1/9, 3/7, 7/3, and 9/1) on leaf stoichiometry (LF), chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence of T. grandis. We used ammonium nitrate as the IN source and an equal proportion of urea and glycine as the ON source. The different ON/IN ratios altered the stoichiometry and photochemical efficiency in T. grandis. Although the leaf P content increased significantly after treatment, leaf N and N:P maintained a certain homeostasis. Torreya grandis plants performed best at an ON/IN ratio of 3/7, with the highest values of chlorophyll-a, total chlorophyll, maximum photochemical efficiency, and photosynthetic performance index. Thus, both ON and IN types should be considered when assessing the responses of plant growth to increasing N deposition in the future. Our results also indicated that the leaf P concentration was positively correlated with Chl, Fv/Fm, and PIabs. This result further indicates the importance of the P element for plant growth against the background of nitrogen deposition. Overall, these results indicate that T. grandis might cope with changes in the environment by maintaining the homeostasis of element stoichiometry and the plasticity of PSII activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses)
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15 pages, 6031 KiB  
Article
Genome-Wide Identification of the Sweet Orange bZIP Gene Family and Analysis of Their Expression in Response to Infection by Penicillium digitatum
by Peichen Han, Tuo Yin, Dengxian Xi, Xiuyao Yang, Mengjie Zhang, Ling Zhu, Hanyao Zhang and Xiaozhen Liu
Horticulturae 2023, 9(3), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030393 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1222
Abstract
(1) Background: The sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is the most widely cultivated and productive citrus fruit in the world, with considerable economic value and good prospects for development. However, post-harvest storage and transport of the fruit are often affected by infestation [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is the most widely cultivated and productive citrus fruit in the world, with considerable economic value and good prospects for development. However, post-harvest storage and transport of the fruit are often affected by infestation by Penicillium species, leading to many losses. (2) Methods: In this study, the family of bZIP genes from the whole genome of sweet orange was identified and analyzed in detail in terms of gene structure, physicochemical properties, protein structure, conserved structural domains, chromosomal positioning, and promoter analysis using bioinformatic analysis, in addition to an analysis of the expression patterns of the fruit following Penicillium infection. (3) Results: In this study, 50 CsbZIP genes were identified from the sweet orange genome. In silico analysis showed that Cs_ont_3g005140 was presumably localized in the chloroplasts, while the rest of the family members were located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic trees of grape, apple, Arabidopsis, and sweet orange were constructed on the basis of evolutionary relationships and divided into 16 subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that all CsbZIP family genes encode proteins containing the highly conserved Motif 1. Promoter prediction analysis showed the chromosomal positioning, and the covariance analysis showed that the 50 CsbZIPs were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, with 10 pairs of duplicated genes. In the analysis of expression patterns, 11 of the 50 CsbZIP genes were not expressed, 12 were upregulated, 27 were downregulated, and five of the upregulated genes were highly expressed. (4) Conclusions: In this study, two CsbZIP members were each closely related to two Arabidopsis thaliana genes associated with salt stress. The functions of the replicated and re-differentiated CsbZIP homologs (Cs_ont_1g027160 and Cs_ont_8g020880) divergee further, with one responding to inoculation by Penicillium and the other not doing so. Five genes associated with sweet orange in response to Penicillium infestation were initially screened (Cs_ont_3g000400, Cs_ont_3g003210, Cs_ont_5g007090, Cs_ont_5g011180, Cs_ont_8g020880). This study provides some theoretical basis for subsequent research into the response mechanism of sweet orange bZIP transcription factors under biotic stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses)
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14 pages, 5589 KiB  
Article
Abnormal Programmed Cell Death of Tapetum Leads to the Pollen Abortion of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus
by Xin Zhang, Zhanlin Bei, Haijun Ma, Zhaojun Wei, Jun Zhou, Yufeng Ren, Wendi Xu, Peng Nan, Yuguo Wang, Linfeng Li, Wenju Zhang, Ji Yang, Yang Zhong and Zhiping Song
Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111056 - 09 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1157
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) in tapetum provides nutrients for pollen development. Once this process becomes abnormal, the pollen will be aborted, and sterile lines will be formed. Lycium barbarum L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant, and male sterile lines play an [...] Read more.
Programmed cell death (PCD) in tapetum provides nutrients for pollen development. Once this process becomes abnormal, the pollen will be aborted, and sterile lines will be formed. Lycium barbarum L. is a well-known medicinal and edible plant, and male sterile lines play an important role in the cultivation of its new varieties by utilizing hybrid vigor. However, the male sterility mechanism of L. barbarum is poorly understood. In this study, the main characteristic changes during the pollen development of L. barbarum sterile line (Ningqi No. 5) and fertile line (Ningqi No. 1) were compared through anatomical observation, physiological detection and gene expression analysis. Anatomical observation showed that compared with that of the fertile line, the tapetum of the sterile line persisted during pollen development, the organelle morphology and number of tapetal cells changed remarkably, and the PCD was remarkably delayed. Membranous peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sterile line occurred from the late tetrad to the pollen grain stage, and that in Ningqi No. 1 transpired in the tetrad stage. This difference in the dynamic changes of ROS affected the redox balance of microspore development. qPCR detection of DYT1 and MS1 genes regulating tapetum development showed that compared with those in the fertile line, the expression levels of both genes in the sterile line changed significantly from pollen mother cell stage to pollen grain stage. This finding may be associated with the start-up delay of tapetal PCD. All these results suggested that abnormal tapetal PCD is an important mechanism leading to male sterility in L. barbarum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Response Mechanisms of Trees under Abiotic Stresses)
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