Research

26 pages, 6865 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Diversity Presented by Vitis vinifera L. in the Volcanic Island of La Gomera (Canary Archipelago, Spain) Using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) as Molecular Markers

by Francesca Fort, Qiying Lin-Yang, Carla Valls, Pau Sancho-Galán, Joan Miquel Canals and Fernando Zamora

Horticulturae 2024, 10(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010014 - 22 Dec 2023

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Abstract

La Gomera Island is one of the areas of our planet where the phylloxera plague never arrived. To measure the genetic diversity of the vine after more than 500 years (inter- and intravarietal variability) of adaptation to this new environment, a prospection was [...] Read more.

La Gomera Island is one of the areas of our planet where the phylloxera plague never arrived. To measure the genetic diversity of the vine after more than 500 years (inter- and intravarietal variability) of adaptation to this new environment, a prospection was carried out. For this purpose, 120 samples were collected and genotyped with 20 SSRs. A total of 52 unique profiles were found corresponding to 4 new varieties (Coello blanca, Barrerita negra, Malvasia periquin gomerae, Verdello gomerae), 9 individuals identical to the most widespread profile, and 39 individuals that presented variations (1 corresponding to a mutation of a new variety (Verdello gomerae de Monacal) and 38 corresponding to variations of known varieties, some of which included cases of triallelism or quadriallelism). The population of local vines in La Gomera Island is considered to be the most unique in the Canary Islands to date. It is hypothesised that the grapevine varieties Malvasia periquin gomerae and Verdello gomerae are possibly the most unique and that the Barrerita negra variety may have resulted from an interspecific crossbreeding. The Coello blanco variety (admixed) seems to have a strong Central European influence. Finally, we propose that the prime name for the Albillo forastero variety, which was arbitrarily imposed by the scientific community, be changed to the more widespread and better-known name in La Gomera Island and the Canary Archipelago, which is Forastera gomerae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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23 pages, 5209 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Diversity among Grapevines Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) in Ibiza and Formentera (Balearic Islands, Spain) Using Microsatellite Markers, Ampelographic Methods and an Ethnobotanical Approach

by Raquel González, Alba María Vargas, Teresa Garnatje, Joan Vallès and María Teresa de Andrés

Horticulturae 2023, 9(12), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121307 - 05 Dec 2023

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Abstract

Vitis vinifera L. has been present in Ibiza and Formentera, two islands of the Balearic Islands (Spain), since the 7th century BC. In the past few years, there have been several studies and investigations on the Balearic Islands. These have focused mainly on [...] Read more.

Vitis vinifera L. has been present in Ibiza and Formentera, two islands of the Balearic Islands (Spain), since the 7th century BC. In the past few years, there have been several studies and investigations on the Balearic Islands. These have focused mainly on Mallorca and Menorca with a small representation of Ibiza and none that take into account Formentera. This research aims to contribute to the knowledge of Vitis cultivars cultivated on those islands and to investigate whether there are local cultivars still being grown. To do this, using an ethnobotanical approach, 15 persons were interviewed to gather information about local grapevines, and 36 accessions from 12 plots were characterized using ampelographic descriptors and identified using SSR markers. Relationships of the accessions studied with other cultivars were also assessed. The results show 21 different genotypes profiles, where six were new genotypes: ‘Colló de gall’, ‘Grec’, ‘Maçanet’, ‘VIEIV015-Maçanet’, ‘Morzacà’, and ‘Vermelleta’. Ten new synonyms and three homonyms have been proposed. Additionally, we suggest three new relationships for the ‘Hebén’ cultivar, one new relationship for the ‘Llora’ cultivar and one new relationship for the ‘Beba’ cultivar. These results show the first reported information for Ibiza and Formentera on Vitis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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22 pages, 5478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characterisation and Identification of Vines from Fuerteventura (Canary Volcanic Archipelago (Spain)) Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

by Francesca Fort, Qiying Lin-Yang, Carla Valls, Pau Sancho-Galán, Joan Miquel Canals and Fernando Zamora

Horticulturae 2023, 9(12), 1301; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121301 - 04 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1300

Abstract

A prospection was carried out on Fuerteventura Island in order to explore the existing biodiversity of Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera in almost desert conditions (<120 mm per year). For this purpose, 40 individuals were collected and genotyped with 20 SSRs. Nine known varieties [...] Read more.

A prospection was carried out on Fuerteventura Island in order to explore the existing biodiversity of Vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera in almost desert conditions (<120 mm per year). For this purpose, 40 individuals were collected and genotyped with 20 SSRs. Nine known varieties and one unknown variety, named Majorera on the island, were identified. In addition, four new mutations were found in the varieties Listan negro and Listan prieto, respectively. Thirteen unknown individuals and five erratic accessions were identified. Seven new names are proposed for inclusion in the world databank (one main name (Majorera), one new synonym for Listan negro (Hoja moral), four new mutation names (Listan prieto de Antigua, Listan prieto de Vega, Hoja moral de El Rosario and Hoja moral de Betancuria) and a new synonymy for Muscat Hamburg (Moscatel), which is very widespread on the island). Finally, the possibility is raised that the new Majorera variety is not a pure vinifera but the product of an interspecific cross, as has happened with the variety found on the island of La Palma, Bienmesabe tinto. Once again, the Canary Archipelago shows itself to be a possible centre for the creation of biodiversity for the cultivated vine. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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21 pages, 7420 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of Molecular Biodiversity and Population Structure of Vitis vinifera L. ssp. vinifera on the Volcanic Island of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain) by Using Microsatellite Markers

by Francesca Fort, Qiying Lin-Yang, Luis Ricardo Suárez-Abreu, Pau Sancho-Galán, Joan Miquel Canals and Fernando Zamora

Horticulturae 2023, 9(12), 1297; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9121297 - 30 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1003

Abstract

El Hierro island is postulated as the most biodiverse of the archipelago. To verify this hypothesis, the 87 individuals collected throughout the island were genotyped with 20 SSRs. As a result of this study, 28 varieties were described, 6 of which were new [...] Read more.

El Hierro island is postulated as the most biodiverse of the archipelago. To verify this hypothesis, the 87 individuals collected throughout the island were genotyped with 20 SSRs. As a result of this study, 28 varieties were described, 6 of which were new (Uval piñero, Uvalero volcánico, Pinar negro, Seis de Carlos, Tesoro blanco, Uval negro), and the first rose sport of the local Canary Islands variety Bermejuela was also found. Fifteen errors were detected in total. Eleven varieties were identified that were unknown to the vine growers and twenty individuals with variations (mutations) were found, of which two had already been described in a previous prospection in Lanzarote Island (intra-varietal variability). From this study, it is also proposed to incorporate 33 new names into the world database, corresponding mostly to the individuals and variations described for the first time, which represents a lexicographic enrichment. Finally, the singularity of the population of vines adapted to El Hierro island is demonstrated, not only with respect to the population of Canary Islands vines, but also with respect to the world population. The biodiversity and uniqueness of El Hierro and the Canary Archipelago reaffirm the proposal that the Canary Islands should be considered a world biodiversity centre. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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18 pages, 3035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

European Grapevine Cultivars and Rootstocks Show Differential Resistance to Xylella fastidiosa Subsp. fastidiosa

by Sara Martínez, Maite Lacuesta, Juan Bautista Relloso, Ana Aragonés, Ana Herrán and Amaya Ortiz-Barredo

Horticulturae 2023, 9(11), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111224 - 12 Nov 2023

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Abstract

Several Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (ST1) strains that cause Pierce’s disease were isolated from grapevine in Spain. In this study, we applied an approach to assess PD susceptibility among 24 different well-known Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera cultivars and five rootstocks belonging to different [...] Read more.

Several Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (ST1) strains that cause Pierce’s disease were isolated from grapevine in Spain. In this study, we applied an approach to assess PD susceptibility among 24 different well-known Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera cultivars and five rootstocks belonging to different species of the genus Vitis. Both were commonly commercialized, representing about 75% of the cultivated area in Spain. This method incorporated disease severity, disease progression, and water potential from the stem xylem. The trials were carried out under field and greenhouse conditions. The virulence of the Xff strain XYL 2055/17 was significantly higher than that of strain XYL 2177/18. However, while this difference in strain virulence did not seem to modify the susceptibility profiles of the cultivars, disease severity could be climate dependent. This work established two significantly different groups of European cultivars of grapevine characterized by high and low susceptibility to Xff ST1: cultivars with high susceptibility, including reference cultivars such as Tempranillo and Tempranillo Blanco, and cultivars with high resistance, such as Hondarrabi Zuri and Cabernet Sauvignon. Cultivar susceptibility was independent of the rootstock on which they were grafted. No conclusive data were found regarding the potential of water loss as an early detection test prior to symptom onset. This study provides a framework with which to advance cultivar susceptibility studies under different environmental conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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16 pages, 5179 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Analysis of the Aroma Volatile Profile of Muscadine Grape Germplasm by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

by Gaurab Bhattarai, Orestis Giannopoulos, Ramsey Nathanal Corn, Camille E. E. McAvoy, Angelos Deltsidis, Margaret L. Worthington and Patrick J. Conner

Horticulturae 2023, 9(9), 1054; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091054 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1182

Abstract

Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) are native to the southeastern U.S., where they are valued for their unique flavor and fruity aroma. Despite having a diverse aroma profile, muscadine germplasm is virtually unexplored in terms of its aroma volatile content and composition, [...] Read more.

Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) are native to the southeastern U.S., where they are valued for their unique flavor and fruity aroma. Despite having a diverse aroma profile, muscadine germplasm is virtually unexplored in terms of its aroma volatile content and composition, which is crucial in determining the value of its products. The aim of this research was to characterize 24 muscadine genotypes with distinct uses and origin for their aroma-related volatile profiles using the headspace solid-phase microextraction method coupled with gas-chromatography mass spectrometry. In total, 63 volatile compounds were detected, and genotypes significantly differed for 43 of the volatile compounds. We also profiled the aroma volatile content and composition of the commercially cultivated muscadine cultivar Carlos at various stages of berry ripeness. Characteristic differences were observed in the composition of the volatile compounds as ripening progressed. This is the first study to have evaluated the aroma volatile composition of a wide variety of muscadine germplasms, including juice and fresh fruit cultivars, as well as the related species Vitis popenoei and its complex hybrids between V. rotundifolia and Vitis vinifera. The results obtained from this study will help identify muscadine genotypes and better design crosses to produce fresh fruit and wine selections with the desired aroma profiles. This knowledge will lead to the development of new muscadine cultivars and significantly contribute to the expansion of muscadine use in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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12 pages, 8691 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Wild Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris (C.C. Gmelin) Hegi)—Novel Species to the Israeli Flora

by Oshrit Rahimi, Jotham Ziffer Berger, Ilana Shtein, Mafatlal M. Kher, Suembikya Frumin, Sariel Hübner, Ehud Weiss and Elyashiv Drori

Horticulturae 2023, 9(9), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9090998 - 04 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 958

Abstract

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, grows naturally throughout the northern hemisphere, including the Mediterranean region. Wild grapevines have also been observed sporadically across the southern Levant and are considered a non-native feral plant. Nevertheless, no formal characterization has been conducted [...] Read more.

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris, grows naturally throughout the northern hemisphere, including the Mediterranean region. Wild grapevines have also been observed sporadically across the southern Levant and are considered a non-native feral plant. Nevertheless, no formal characterization has been conducted for wild grapevines in this region; thus, its taxonomical assignment remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that the wild grapevine populations growing in northern Israel are genetically separated from the feral domesticated forms. This work aimed to comprehensively describe the morphological, anatomical, and ecological traits of wild grapevines naturally thriving in two distinct habitats in Israel. The dioicous nature of the wild grapevine, the flower and pollen morphology, and the characteristic Sylvestris fruit and seed morphology, in addition to the occurrence of the natural germination of seeds in close vicinity of the mother plant, have all led to the conclusion that these plants belong to Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and should be included in the Flora Palaestina. These findings, combined with the recently published genetic evidence for these populations, significantly advance our understanding of the species’ ecology and the importance of its preservation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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27 pages, 4784 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Grapevine in the Ancient Upper Euphrates: Horticultural Implications of a Bayesian Morphometric Study of Archaeological Seeds

by Javier Valera, Gonzalo Matilla-Seiquer, Concepción Obón, Francisco Alcaraz and Diego Rivera

Horticulturae 2023, 9(7), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070803 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1022

Abstract

The origins of the main cultivar groups of Vitis vinifera, their relationships with wild grapevine populations, and the use of other Vitaceae are relevant issues for the improvement and conservation of Vitis diversity. Morphometric studies, domestication indices, multivariate analyses, and Bayesian hypothesis [...] Read more.

The origins of the main cultivar groups of Vitis vinifera, their relationships with wild grapevine populations, and the use of other Vitaceae are relevant issues for the improvement and conservation of Vitis diversity. Morphometric studies, domestication indices, multivariate analyses, and Bayesian hypothesis testing have been used. Eight different seed types have been identified in the 24 samples analyzed from materials from the Upper Euphrates sites of Tell Khâmis and Tell Qara Quzaq (Early Bronze Age to Hellenistic), ranging from highly domesticated to purely wild. We have been able to establish the predominance among the domesticated of Proles orientalis Negrul (three samples, Domestication Index = 1), the existence of and extinct Proles euphratica (six samples, Domestication Index = 0.67–0.83) and numerous intermediates and hybrids (eight samples). We have determined the continued presence throughout the period studied of wild grapevines related to Vitis sylvestris C.C.Gmelin and V. caucasica Vavilov (5 samples, with Domestication Indices = 0.17–0.5). The existence of Ampelopsis seeds was established for three samples. We determined that the oldest Vitaceae seed linked to human presence, in the Acheulense (780 myr), also belongs to Ampelopsis. Finally, “stenosperms” appear associated with Ampelopsis seeds (three samples), suggesting anomalies in seed formation due to intergeneric cross-pollination. Moreover, if isolated, they suggest the presence of “stenospermocarpic” Vitis vinifera raisins of the Sultanina type. Finally, we must reflect on the role that Ampelopsis species may have played and their possible cultivation and domestication almost 4000 years ago. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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17 pages, 1248 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Characterization of New Grapevine Varieties Cross-Bred from Monastrell, Authorized for Winemaking in the Warm Region of Murcia (South-Eastern Spain)

by Leonor Ruiz-García, José Ignacio Fernández-Fernández, Celia Martínez-Mora, Juan Daniel Moreno-Olivares, María José Giménez-Bañón, Diego José Fernández-López, Juan Antonio Bleda-Sánchez and Rocío Gil-Muñoz

Horticulturae 2023, 9(7), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070760 - 01 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1367

Abstract

Crossbreeding programs allow the selection of new genotypes with better agronomic and oenological properties for the production of quality wine, and allow the development of a more sustainable form of viticulture. This paper describes the white genotype ‘Calblanque’, and the red genotypes ‘Calnegre’, [...] Read more.

Crossbreeding programs allow the selection of new genotypes with better agronomic and oenological properties for the production of quality wine, and allow the development of a more sustainable form of viticulture. This paper describes the white genotype ‘Calblanque’, and the red genotypes ‘Calnegre’, ‘Gebas’ and ‘Myrtia’, the first wine grape varieties registered by the Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarollo Agrario y Medioambiental (IMIDA) as commercial varieties after confirming the winemaking quality of their grapes in a semi-arid climate with high temperatures. These new varieties have recently been authorized for winemaking in the Region of Murcia. ‘Calblanque’, ‘Calnegre’ and ‘Gebas’ were obtained from crosses between ‘Monastrell’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and ‘Myrtia’ from crosses between ‘Monastrell’ and ‘Syrah’. The red genotypes were selected for their phenolic quality—which was very superior to that of the parentals—and for their different harvest dates that allow a staggered harvest and their cultivation in different areas. ‘Calblanque’ was selected for its good balance of acidity and aromatic profile. The attributes of these new varieties could allow their better adaptation to the effects of climate change on grape and wine quality in warm areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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17 pages, 1311 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Genotypic and Sanitary Characterization of Minority Grapevine Varieties Prospected in Andalusia, Spain

by Inmaculada Rodríguez-Torres, Ana Martín Carrillo, María del Pilar Ramírez, Francisco Jesus Gómez Gálvez, Leonardo Velasco Arjona, Carlos Padilla and Enrico Cretazzo

Horticulturae 2023, 9(7), 759; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070759 - 01 Jul 2023

Viewed by 801

Abstract

Andalusia is a Spanish region that is home to numerous minority varieties due to its diversity and territorial extension, offering the local viticulture the possibility of diversifying its wine production. The genotypic characterization of 98 specimens from six areas with a winemaking tradition [...] Read more.

Andalusia is a Spanish region that is home to numerous minority varieties due to its diversity and territorial extension, offering the local viticulture the possibility of diversifying its wine production. The genotypic characterization of 98 specimens from six areas with a winemaking tradition in Andalusia was carried out between the years 2020 and 2022, by means of thirteen microsatellite markers, including the nine recommended by the OIV. A total of 33 different genotypes were obtained, 20 of which corresponded to profiles of already described varieties (11 of them are of 6 minority cultivars in Andalusia: ‘Rojal Tinto’, ‘Beba’, ‘Zurieles’, ‘Rome’, ‘Hebén’, ‘Mollar Cano’, ‘Listán Prieto’, ‘Listán del Condado’, ‘Jarrosuelto’, ‘Negra Dorada’, and ‘Mantúo de Pilas’), while the other 12 profiles did not match with previously identified varieties. These profiles were registered in the database of the IFAPA “Rancho de la Merced” Germplasm Bank. The eco-geographical groups of the new identified genotypes were determined through an analysis of genetic diversity. The presence of grapevine fanleaf virus, grapevine fleck virus, and grapevine leafroll-associated viruses was also determined due to the requirement of healthy clones of the new varieties for their potential interest to be authorized for cultivation in Spain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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23 pages, 3114 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Anatolian Kara Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Germplasm Using Simple Sequence Repeats

by Nur Arslan, Funda Yılmaz Baydu, Nahid Hazrati, Canan Yüksel Özmen, Onur Ergönül, Tamer Uysal, Ahmet Semih Yaşasın, Cengiz Özer, Yılmaz Boz, Yusuf Serhat Kuleyin and Ali Ergül

Horticulturae 2023, 9(7), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9070743 - 24 Jun 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1382

Abstract

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is among the most important commercial fruit species grown worldwide in terms of its economic value. Anatolia (Turkey), located in the favorable climate zone for viticulture, has a rich grape genetic potential due to its location at the [...] Read more.

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is among the most important commercial fruit species grown worldwide in terms of its economic value. Anatolia (Turkey), located in the favorable climate zone for viticulture, has a rich grape genetic potential due to its location at the intersection of the grapevine gene centers. In Turkish Kara grape germplasm, there are problems in terms of accuracy during the production phase due to the inadequacies in ampelographic definitions, and also very little information is available on genetic analysis of Kara grape germplasm. This study carried out genetic analysis of 49 Kara grape cultivars from six regions (sub-populations) of Turkey and 3 reference cultivars using 22 microsatellite loci (SSR), and ampelographic analysis were also performed concerning 39 OIV descriptors. In the SSR analysis, the average number of alleles per locus was 8.91, ranging from 4 to 13; four synonymous and five homonymous cases were also identified. In the population structure analysis, the genetic differentiation (Fst) values among six populations were moderate. In the BAPS analysis, all populations except Central Anatolia were found to be highly admixed with each other, and in the FCA analysis, the East Anatolia population was completely separated. In the multilocus lineages (MLLs) analysis, a total of three accessions were matched to different accessions as clone assignment. In this study, SSR-based genetic characterization of the Turkish Kara grape germplasm was revealed for the first time, and it is thought that the obtained data will help other grape genetic characterization studies and contribute to viticulture research in other areas such as breeding, protection and variety registration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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11 pages, 555 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Vitis vinifera L. Local Cultivars Recovered in Andalusia (Spain) by Using Microsatellite Markers

by Ana Jiménez-Cantizano, Anna Puig-Pujol and Rosa Arroyo-García

Horticulturae 2023, 9(3), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030316 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1372

Abstract

In Andalusia (Spain), there are different wine regions that have a great recognized tradition. In these regions, the cultivation of the vine is ancient and there are still vineyards planted with local varieties of Vitis vinifera L. that have not yet been identified. [...] Read more.

In Andalusia (Spain), there are different wine regions that have a great recognized tradition. In these regions, the cultivation of the vine is ancient and there are still vineyards planted with local varieties of Vitis vinifera L. that have not yet been identified. The aim of this research study was to identify 49 accessions of grapevine collected in the districts of four provinces in Andalusia (Spain). All samples were genotyped with 20 microsatellite markers in order to ascertain the identity and analyze the genetic diversity of the collected material. In total, 30 different genotypes were obtained, 22 of them which were identified with named, known varieties by comparison to the Spanish or European microsatellite databases, and eight which are referred to as new genotypes. All loci were polymorphic, and a total of 159 alleles were detected, ranging from 4 to 12 alleles per locus, with an average allele number of 7.95. The overall observed heterozygosity was 0.763 and was slightly higher than expected (0.715), while the gene diversity per locus varied between 0.167 (VVIN73) and 0.967 (VVMD5). A dendrogram representing the genetic similarities among cultivars was depicted using the UPGMA method to investigate their relationships. The eight new genotypes identified in this research work could represent ancient local varieties in danger of extinction. These new cultivars may be used to determine original wines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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16 pages, 2937 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multiplication, Phenological Period and Growth Vigor of Thirty-One Grapevine Rootstocks and the Role of Parentage in Vigor Heredity

by Yonggang Yin, Bin Han, Minmin Li, Nan Jia, Changjiang Liu, Yan Sun, Yingjie Wang, Qian Gao and Zijuan Guo

Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020241 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1248

Abstract

Knowledge about the growth vigor of grapevine rootstocks is required for scion-based rootstock selection and rootstock breeding. We performed this trial aiming to evaluate the multiplication and growth vigor of several rootstocks. Thirty-one rootstock genotypes were compared on their multiplication characteristics, phenological periods, [...] Read more.

Knowledge about the growth vigor of grapevine rootstocks is required for scion-based rootstock selection and rootstock breeding. We performed this trial aiming to evaluate the multiplication and growth vigor of several rootstocks. Thirty-one rootstock genotypes were compared on their multiplication characteristics, phenological periods, and growth indicators across three consecutive seasons. The results suggested that the cuttings of most rootstocks had callus-forming indices (CFIs) over 0.5 except for ‘188-08’ (0.28). The rooting rate of ‘420A’ was 5%, while that of the rest of the rootstocks was greater than 48%. The internode lengths of the one-year-old vines were positively correlated with those (as well as cane lengths and pruning weights) of the adult vines. These rootstocks were grouped into three clusters based on the growth measurements across three seasons. Eight combinations of genetic backgrounds showed various effects on the growth indicators. The high-vigor cluster includes ‘1103P’, ‘5BB’, ‘225Ru’, etc.; the medium-vigor cluster includes ‘Dogridge’, ‘101-14M’, ‘Fercal’, etc.; and the low-vigor cluster includes ‘Gloire’, ‘3309C’, ‘Ganzin1’, etc. The Vitis berlandieri parentage showed a higher vigor heredity, while the V. riparia showed a lower vigor heredity. These findings would contribute to rootstock nursery construction and provide references for vigor-based rootstock selection for grafts and parent selection for rootstock breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Resources for Viticulture)

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