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High-Throughput
Special Issues
Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies
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Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies

A special issue of High-Throughput (ISSN 2571-5135).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2020) | Viewed by 31003

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Valeria D’Argenio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
2. CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
Interests: next generation sequencing; genomics; cancer genomics; hereditary cancers; metagenomics; human microbiome; molecular diagnostics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human microbiome has emerged as a new important player for human health status acquisition and maintenance. Recent advances in next generation sequencing technologies have increased our ability to study the complexity of microbial communities at deeper resolution. As a consequence, several studies have highlighted the presence of a microbial dysbiosis in an increasing number of diseases. Shedding light on the complex interactions between the human host and its microbial communities may provide novel insights into disease pathogenesis and their treatment. Indeed, this evidence is prompting metagenomic studies in the attempt to identify novel disease biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring, and also novel actionable targets for the development of novel therapies based on microbiome manipulation. Dietary interventions and faecal microbiome transplantation, for example, have already shown their efficacy in clinical settings.

This Special Issue on the “Human microbiome and diseases” will focus on the state-of-the-art of this emerging field that highlights the important interplays between humans and microbes. The powerful understanding of these relationships still needs to overcome technological challenges specially to test the efficacy and safety of possible therapeutic approaches.

Manuscripts addressing these issues are welcome.

Dr. Valeria D’Argenio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. High-Throughput is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • metagenomics
  • novel biomarkers
  • targeted therapies
  • microbiome manipulation
  • personalized medicine
  • next generation sequencing
  • microbes
  • diet and microbiome
  • faecal microbiome transplantation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 1196 KiB  
Review
Health Impact and Therapeutic Manipulation of the Gut Microbiome
by Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri, Fred Kwame Ofosu, Ramachandran Chelliah, Byong Hoon Lee and Deog-Hwan Oh
High-Throughput 2020, 9(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/ht9030017 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5862
Abstract
Recent advances in microbiome studies have revealed much information about how the gut virome, mycobiome, and gut bacteria influence health and disease. Over the years, many studies have reported associations between the gut microflora under different pathological conditions. However, information about the role [...] Read more.
Recent advances in microbiome studies have revealed much information about how the gut virome, mycobiome, and gut bacteria influence health and disease. Over the years, many studies have reported associations between the gut microflora under different pathological conditions. However, information about the role of gut metabolites and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affect health and disease does not provide enough evidence. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metabolomics coupled with large, randomized clinical trials are helping scientists to understand whether gut dysbiosis precedes pathology or gut dysbiosis is secondary to pathology. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the impact of gut bacteria, virome, and mycobiome interactions with the host and how they could be manipulated to promote health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies)
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15 pages, 1423 KiB  
Review
Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Female Infertility
by Rossella Tomaiuolo, Iolanda Veneruso, Federica Cariati and Valeria D’Argenio
High-Throughput 2020, 9(2), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/ht9020012 - 03 May 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 10154
Abstract
During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a [...] Read more.
During the last decade, the availability of next-generation sequencing-based approaches has revealed the presence of microbial communities in almost all the human body, including the reproductive tract. As for other body sites, this resident microbiota has been involved in the maintenance of a healthy status. As a consequence, alterations due to internal or external factors may lead to microbial dysbiosis and to the development of pathologies. Female reproductive microbiota has also been suggested to affect infertility, and it may play a key role in the success of assisted reproductive technologies, such as embryo implantation and pregnancy care. While the vaginal microbiota is well described, the uterine microbiota is underexplored. This could be due to technical issues, as the uterus is a low biomass environment. Here, we review the state of the art regarding the role of the female reproductive system microbiota in women’s health and human reproduction, highlighting its contribution to infertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies)
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Graphical abstract

9 pages, 917 KiB  
Review
Microbiota and Human Reproduction: The Case of Male Infertility
by Rossella Tomaiuolo, Iolanda Veneruso, Federica Cariati and Valeria D’Argenio
High-Throughput 2020, 9(2), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ht9020010 - 13 Apr 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 6993
Abstract
The increasing interest in metagenomics is enhancing our knowledge regarding the composition and role of the microbiota in human physiology and pathology. Indeed, microbes have been reported to play a role in several diseases, including infertility. In particular, the male seminal microbiota has [...] Read more.
The increasing interest in metagenomics is enhancing our knowledge regarding the composition and role of the microbiota in human physiology and pathology. Indeed, microbes have been reported to play a role in several diseases, including infertility. In particular, the male seminal microbiota has been suggested as an important factor able to influence couple’s health and pregnancy outcomes, as well as offspring health. Nevertheless, few studies have been carried out to date to deeper investigate semen microbiome origins and functions, and its correlations with the partner’s reproductive tract microbiome. Here, we report the state of the art regarding the male reproductive system microbiome and its alterations in infertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies)
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Graphical abstract

7 pages, 687 KiB  
Review
Colonization Resistance in the Infant Gut: The Role of B. infantis in Reducing pH and Preventing Pathogen Growth
by Rebbeca M. Duar, David Kyle and Giorgio Casaburi
High-Throughput 2020, 9(2), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/ht9020007 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7289
Abstract
Over the past century, there has been a steady increase in the stool pH of infants from industrialized countries. Analysis of historical data revealed a strong association between abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome of breasted infants and stool pH, suggesting that [...] Read more.
Over the past century, there has been a steady increase in the stool pH of infants from industrialized countries. Analysis of historical data revealed a strong association between abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiome of breasted infants and stool pH, suggesting that this taxon plays a key role in determining the pH in the gut. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is uniquely equipped to metabolize human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) from breastmilk into acidic end products, mainly lactate and acetate. The presence of these acidic compounds in the infant gut is linked to a lower stool pH. Conversely, infants lacking B. infantis have a significantly higher stool pH, carry a higher abundance of potential pathogens and mucus-eroding bacteria in their gut microbiomes, and have signs of chronic enteric inflammation. This suggests the presence of B. infantis and low intestinal pH may be critical to maintaining a protective environment in the infant gut. Here, we summarize recent studies demonstrating that feeding B. infantis EVC001 to breastfed infants results in significantly lower fecal pH compared to controls and propose that low pH is one critical factor in preventing the invasion and overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the infant gut, a process known as colonization resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Microbiome and Diseases: Implications for Novel Therapies)
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