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Healthcare
Special Issues
Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease
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Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 7320

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Helios Pareja-Galeano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: exercise physiology; nutrition; health; metabolism; aging; chronic disease; physical performance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. José María Moya-Morales

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: sports science; physical activity and health; sports training in youth

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern exercise physiology had its beginnings in the early 20th century in response to the military need to improve the physical performance of soldiers; the democratization of sports practice linked to national pride with international sports successes; and advances in the knowledge of integrative and regulatory physiology that began to establish how physical exercise could be an effective tool to regulate different homeostatic mechanisms that promote health. Currently, exercise physiology, backed by extensive scientific evidence obtained in recent decades, studies the acute responses and chronic adaptations produced through physical exercise in different tissues, organs, and systems. Its application is mainly focused on the field of physical education, sports performance, health promotion, and disease prevention and therapy.

From a multidisciplinary approach originating from disciplines such as physiology, physical activity and sports sciences, nutrition, medicine, biology, and biochemistry, among others, this Special Issue aims to include articles that delve into the knowledge of physiological mechanisms through which physical activity or exercise improves health prevents certain diseases and regulates the pathophysiology of different diseases. This Special Issue is seeking original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The suggested topic areas include:

  • Exercise and respiratory and cardiovascular disease;
  • Physical activity and health promotion in older adults;
  • Exercise physiology and nutrition related to muscle damage;
  • Physical exercise and neuropsychiatric diseases;
  • Metabolic regulation in obesity and related pathologies;
  • Impact of exercise and physical activity on cancer prognosis.

Dr. Helios Pareja-Galeano
Dr. José María Moya-Morales
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • aging
  • muscle damage
  • neuropsychiatric diseases
  • obesity
  • metabolic disease
  • cancer
  • nutrition
  • health promotion
  • prevention

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1049 KiB  
Article
The Moderating Role of Health Variables on the Association between Physical Exercise and Quality of Life in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
by Víctor Martínez-Majolero, Belén Urosa, Sonsoles Hernández-Sánchez and David Arroyo
Healthcare 2023, 11(15), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152148 - 27 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
Scientific evidence demonstrates the positive impact that physical exercise has on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no study has proposed a model investigating the effect physical exercise has on the QOL of end-stage renal disease [...] Read more.
Scientific evidence demonstrates the positive impact that physical exercise has on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no study has proposed a model investigating the effect physical exercise has on the QOL of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, considering the most frequent associated diseases (diabetes/hypertension). The objectives were (1) to explore the relationship between physical exercise and the QOL of adults with ESRD, and (2) to examine the moderating and/or mediating role of relevant patient variables. This non-interventional study utilized an ex post facto retrospective data analysis design with a sample of 310 patients with ESRD through two validated questionnaires. The dependent variables were the QOL scale (KDQOL-SF), and the physical function dimension (EFFISICA). The independent variables were the regular practice of intense physical activity (DEPINTE) and the daily time (in hours) the patient is in a sedentary attitude (TiParado). The moderating variables were the clinical situation and associated diseases. The mediator variable used was the body mass index. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted. Findings suggest implementing intense physical activity in transplant recipients and programmes to avoid sedentary lifestyles in dialysis patients have a positive effect in the QOL of ESRD patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease)
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10 pages, 515 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Effectiveness of Physical Exercise-Based Swallowing Interventions for Older Adults with Dementia in a Day-Care Center
by Chia-Hui Chen, Chia-Yu Lin, Chiao-Ling Chen, Kuan-Ting Chen, Cho Lee, Ya-Hsin Yu and Chiao-Yu Shih
Healthcare 2023, 11(9), 1262; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091262 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Swallowing safety is one of the top health concerns of dementia. Coughing and choking (coughing/choking) are signs of impaired swallowing safety. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of regular physical exercise-based swallowing intervention for reducing coughing-choking at the dementia day-care center. This [...] Read more.
Swallowing safety is one of the top health concerns of dementia. Coughing and choking (coughing/choking) are signs of impaired swallowing safety. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of regular physical exercise-based swallowing intervention for reducing coughing-choking at the dementia day-care center. This was a retrospective analysis with data from medical records, including age, the clinical dementia rating (CDR), and the frequencies of coughing/choking in ten days (10-day coughing/choking). Those who complied with the exercise programs were assigned to the exercise-based group (n = 22), and those who could not comply were assigned to the non-exercised-based group (n = 7). The non-exercised-based group showed more advanced age and higher CDR than the exercise-based group (p < 0.05). The 10-day coughing/choking showed significant decreases at the 5-month and 19-month in the exercise-based group and at the 5-month in the non-exercise-based group (p < 0.05). Our findings suggested that regular physical exercise-based swallowing intervention effectively alleviated coughing/choking problems of older adults with dementia and its effectiveness was long-lasting. For those who could not comply with exercise programs, noticeably with more advanced age and dementia, the effective swallowing intervention period was short-term. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease)
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Review

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13 pages, 1812 KiB  
Review
Effectiveness of Physical Exercise Interventions on Pulmonary Function and Physical Fitness in Children and Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
by Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla, Thomas Yvert, Ángela Blanco, Alicia Irene Sosa Pedreschi, Israel J. Thuissard and Margarita Pérez-Ruiz
Healthcare 2022, 10(11), 2205; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112205 - 03 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2763
Abstract
Objective: Physical exercise is associated with several benefits in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), associated with a reduction in patient mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical condition and lung function in [...] Read more.
Objective: Physical exercise is associated with several benefits in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), associated with a reduction in patient mortality. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical condition and lung function in children and adults with CF to establish the most appropriate type and dose of physical exercise used so far. Methods: The studies included were randomized controlled trials with physical exercise interventions performed with children or adults with CF, analyzing the effects on pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory capacity, and muscle strength. The variables analyzed in at least four studies in the same population (children or adults) with the same measuring test were included in the meta-analysis. Results:Pulmonary function: There were no changes in the forced expiratory volume 1 s, but mouth expiratory/inspiratory pressures were improved in some studies. Physical fitness: In children, the interventions did not manage to improve the VO2peak (SMD = 0.22; 95%CI: −0.25 to 0.68; p = 0.73) but improved muscle strength. In adults, physical exercise interventions based on high-intensity aerobic training showed positive results in the VO2peak, and in some muscle strength outcomes. Conclusions: Exercise interventions in children and adults with CF are effective in improving muscle strength, cardiovascular capacity, and respiratory muscle function. However, they do not achieve improvements in lung function. The most effective programs are those using strength training or cardiovascular high-intensity interval training, although to date there have been few such interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease)
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Other

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13 pages, 542 KiB  
Systematic Review
Fat Oxidation during Exercise in People with Spinal Cord Injury, and Protocols Used: A Systematic Review
by Soraya Martín-Manjarrés, Javier Leal-Martín, Cristina Granados, Esmeralda Mata, Ángel Gil-Agudo, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez and Ignacio Ara
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2402; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122402 - 29 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1096
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to summarize evidence on energy metabolism through peak fat oxidation (PFO) and maximum fat oxidation (Fatmax), as well as to analyze the protocols used in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this study was to summarize evidence on energy metabolism through peak fat oxidation (PFO) and maximum fat oxidation (Fatmax), as well as to analyze the protocols used in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to examine the main factors related to fat oxidation ability (i.e., age, sex, level of physical activity, and level and degree of injury). Methods: Studies to determine PFO and Fatmax using indirect calorimetry with an arm exercise protocol for SCI patients were included after a systematic search. Other endpoints included study design, sample size, control group, demographic data, level of injury, physical condition, protocol, outcomes measured, and statistical findings. Results: Eight studies (n = 560) were included. The mean value of VO2peak was 1.86 L∙min−1 (range 0.75–2.60 L∙min−1) (lowest value in the tetraplegic subjects). The PFO ranged between 0.06 and 0.30 g∙min−1 (lowest rates: the non-trained subjects with cervical SCI; highest: the tetraplegic subjects). Two types of exercise protocol were found: arm cycle ergometer, and wheelchair propulsion with a computerized ergometer. Five studies used an incremental protocol (2–3 min/stage, different load increments); the rest performed tests of 20 min/stage at three intensities. Conclusion: There are few existing studies measuring fat oxidation in SCI, many of which used small and heterogeneous samples. PFO was lower in SCI subjects when compared with non-injured people performing lower-limb exercise; however, comparing upper-limb exercise, people with SCI showed higher values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise Physiology and Its Performance in Health and Disease)
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