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Geosciences
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Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the...
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Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2

A special issue of Geosciences (ISSN 2076-3263). This special issue belongs to the section "Climate".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 15343

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elizabeth Thomas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
Interests: ice cores; paleoclimate; Southern Hemisphere climate variability; sea ice; surface mass balance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Claire Allen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
Interests: antarctic environments and the southern ocean; paleoceanography; high latitude climate variability; ocean-climate interactions; sea-ice; polar marine diatoms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue of Geosciences aims to gather high quality original research articles and reviews on climate variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the last millennia.

We invite members of the paleoclimate community to submit articles addressing the latest developments in our understanding of climate variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere on both a regional and hemispheric scale. We aim to improve our current understanding of the dominant modes of atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric variability, including how they may have changed over time, through evaluation of paleoclimate archives and modelling studies. Articles presenting records covering all or part of the last millennia and related themes are welcome. We particularly encourage data-model inter comparison and multi-proxy studies.

We invite submissions based on any of the following topics:

  • Paleoclimate reconstructions from ice cores
  • Paleoclimate reconstructions from marine records (sediments, coral etc.)
  • Paleoclimate reconstructions from terrestrial records (peat, lake sediments etc)
  • Southern Hemisphere modes of climate variability (eg. ENSO, SAM)
  • Past surface mass balance and glacial dynamics
  • Past sea ice conditions
  • Paleoceanography (eg. circulation, water mass production, meltwater, productivity)
  • Past westerly winds and atmospheric circulation
  • Low-high latitude connections
  • Modelled climate variability
  • Data – Model intercomparison

We request that authors to submit a short abstract, outlining the proposed research article, to the editors prior to submitting a full manuscript to ensure it fits with the objectives of this special issue.

This special issue was undertaken by CLIVASH2k, a working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project, which in turn received support from the Swiss Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Dr. Elizabeth Thomas
Dr. Claire Allen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Geosciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antarctic Climate variability
  • Ice cores
  • Marine records
  • Terrestrial records
  • Climate dynamics
  • Paleoclimate reconstructions 
  • Modes of variability
  • Southern Annular Mode
  • El Niño - Southern Oscillation
  • Ocean/ice-climate interactions
  • Climate- data intercomparison
  • Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds
  • Southern Ocean
  • Cryosphere

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 4493 KiB  
Article
Drivers of Last Millennium Antarctic Climate Evolution in an Ensemble of Community Earth System Model Simulations
by Olivia J. Truax, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Esther C. Brady, Craig L. Stevens, Gary S. Wilson and Christina R. Riesselman
Geosciences 2022, 12(8), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12080299 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2240
Abstract
Improved understanding of the drivers of climate variability, particularly over the last millennium, and its influence on Antarctic ice melt have important implications for projecting ice sheet resilience in a changing climate. Here, we investigated the variability in Antarctic climate and sea ice [...] Read more.
Improved understanding of the drivers of climate variability, particularly over the last millennium, and its influence on Antarctic ice melt have important implications for projecting ice sheet resilience in a changing climate. Here, we investigated the variability in Antarctic climate and sea ice extent during the last millennium (850–1850 CE) by comparing paleoenvironmental reconstructions with simulations from the Community Earth System Model Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME). Atmospheric and oceanic response to external forcing in CESM-LME simulations typically take the form of an Antarctic dipole: cooling over most of Antarctica and warming east of the Antarctic Peninsula. This configuration is also observed in ice core records. Unforced variability and a dipole response to large volcanic eruptions contribute to weaker cooling in the Antarctic than the Arctic, consistent with the absence of a strong volcanic signal in Antarctic ice core records. The ensemble does not support a clear link between the dipole pattern and baseline shifts in the Southern Annular Mode and El Niño-Southern Oscillation proposed by some paleoclimate reconstructions. Our analysis provides a point of comparison for paleoclimate reconstructions and highlights the role of internal climate variability in driving modeled last millennium climate evolution in the Antarctic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2)
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14 pages, 5383 KiB  
Article
Ice Core Chronologies from the Antarctic Peninsula: The Palmer, Jurassic, and Rendezvous Age-Scales
by B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Dieter R. Tetzner, Jack D. Humby and Diana O. Vladimirova
Geosciences 2022, 12(2), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12020087 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3878
Abstract
In this study, we present the age scales for three Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice cores: Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic. The three cores are all intermediate-depth cores, in the 133–141 m depth range. Non-sea-salt sulfate ([nssSO42−]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 [...] Read more.
In this study, we present the age scales for three Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ice cores: Palmer, Rendezvous, and Jurassic. The three cores are all intermediate-depth cores, in the 133–141 m depth range. Non-sea-salt sulfate ([nssSO42−]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) display marked seasonal variability suitable for annual-layer counting. The Palmer ice core covers 390 years, 1621–2011 C.E., and is one of the oldest AP cores. Rendezvous and Jurassic are lower elevation high-snow accumulation sites and therefore cover shorter intervals, 1843–2011 C.E. and 1874–2011 C.E., respectively. The age scales show good agreement with known volcanic age horizons. The three chronologies’ start and end dates of volcanic events are compared to the volcanic events in the published WAIS Divide core. The age difference for the Palmer age scale is ±6 months, Rendezvous ±9 months, and Jurassic ±7 months. Our results demonstrate the advantage of dating several cores from the same region at the same time. Additional confidence can be gained in the age scales by evaluating and finding synchronicity of [nssSO42−] peaks amongst the sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2)
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18 pages, 5403 KiB  
Article
An Age Scale for the First Shallow (Sub-)Antarctic Ice Core from Young Island, Northwest Ross Sea
by Dorothea Elisabeth Moser, Sarah Jackson, Helle Astrid Kjær, Bradley Markle, Estelle Ngoumtsa, Joel B. Pedro, Delia Segato, Andrea Spolaor, Dieter Tetzner, Paul Vallelonga and Elizabeth R. Thomas
Geosciences 2021, 11(9), 368; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11090368 - 01 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4301
Abstract
The climate of the sub-Antarctic is important in understanding the environmental conditions of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. However, regional climate proxy records from this region are scarce. In this study, we present the stable water isotopes, major ion chemistry, and dust records [...] Read more.
The climate of the sub-Antarctic is important in understanding the environmental conditions of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. However, regional climate proxy records from this region are scarce. In this study, we present the stable water isotopes, major ion chemistry, and dust records from the first ice core from the (sub-)Antarctic Young Island. We present and discuss various dating approaches based on commonly used ice core proxies, such as stable water isotopes and seasonally deposited ions, together with site-specific characteristics such as melt layers. The dating approaches are compared with estimated precipitation rates from reanalysis data (ERA5) and volcanic cryptotephra shards likely presenting an absolute tie point from a 2001 CE eruption on neighboring Sturge Island. The resulting ice core age scale spans the period 2016 to 1995, with an uncertainty of ±2 years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2)
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Review

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34 pages, 5137 KiB  
Review
Variety and Distribution of Diatom-Based Sea Ice Proxies in Antarctic Marine Sediments of the Past 2000 Years
by Claire S. Allen and Zelna C. Weich
Geosciences 2022, 12(8), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12080282 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2338
Abstract
Antarctic sea ice is an essential component of the global climate system. Reconstructions of Antarctic sea ice from marine sediment cores are a vital resource to improve the representation of Antarctic sea ice in climate models and to better understand natural variability in [...] Read more.
Antarctic sea ice is an essential component of the global climate system. Reconstructions of Antarctic sea ice from marine sediment cores are a vital resource to improve the representation of Antarctic sea ice in climate models and to better understand natural variability in sea ice over centennial and sub-centennial timescales. The Thomas et al. (2019) review of Antarctic sea ice reconstructions from ice and marine cores highlighted the prominence of diatom-based proxies in this research. Here, focusing solely on the diatom-based proxy records in marine sediments, we review the composition of proxies, their advantages and limitations, as well as the spatial and temporal cover of the records over the past 2 ka in order to assess the scope for future assimilation and standardization. The archive comprises 112 records from 68 marine cores, with proxies based on more than 30 different combinations of diatom taxa as well as the relatively new, highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2)
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Other

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7 pages, 1045 KiB  
Brief Report
Visual Stratigraphy-Based Age Scale Developed for the Shallow Mount Siple Firn Core, Antarctica
by Joseph W. Brown, Dorothea E. Moser, Daniel B. Emanuelsson and Elizabeth R. Thomas
Geosciences 2023, 13(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13030085 - 15 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1366
Abstract
Here we present a case study for using visual stratigraphy to date a shallow firn core from coastal West Antarctica. The Mount Siple ice core has the potential to reconstruct climate in this data-sparse region over recent decades. Line scanned images of the [...] Read more.
Here we present a case study for using visual stratigraphy to date a shallow firn core from coastal West Antarctica. The Mount Siple ice core has the potential to reconstruct climate in this data-sparse region over recent decades. Line scanned images of the 24 m firn core were used to generate a grey-scale, which displays variability consistent with annual cycles. The resulting Mount Siple age scale spans from 1998 ± 1 to 2017 CE. This study demonstrates that the seasonal changes in the grey-scale record provide an independent method of dating firn cores. However, the presence of melt layers at this site has introduced an error of ±1 year. Visual line stratigraphy has the unique advantage over traditional annual layer counting, based on chemical or isotopic species, of being non-destructive and relatively inexpensive. Visual line stratigraphy has proved to be an effective dating method for this site. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate Variability in Antarctica and the Southern Hemisphere over the Last Millennia Volume 2)
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