Genetics and Genomics of Human Pathogens

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 2812

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-1050, USA
Interests: bioinformatics; comparative genomics; multiple sequence alignments; phylogenetic trees; host–pathogen interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The continued application of modern DNA sequencing approaches has generated large numbers of whole-genome sequences. Past genetic and genomic analyses of viral, bacterial, and parasite genomes have identified various components that play a role in the development, progression, and/or severity of human diseases.

Past work that incorporated genetics- and genomics-based approaches have identified a number of underlying mechanisms that contribute to human pathogenesis. Examples of such mechanisms include pathogenicity islands and variants that affect invasiveness, fitness, host range, and evading the host immune response. In addition, such analyses enable researchers to trace the evolutionary history, identify emerging variants, and predict the future trajectory of these pathogens. The results from such computational analyses can then be experimentally validated in the wet lab and/or used to inform public health efforts. The continued emergence of novel pathogens, the increased prevalence of drug-resistant genes and variants, and the expanded host range of pathogens capable of infecting humans justify maintaining and expanding comparative genomics research.

This Special Issue will cover novel genetics and genomics findings in viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Specifically, submissions describing novel findings for human pathogens using methods including but not limited to phylogenetic trees, selection pressure, immune epitopes, genotype–phenotype correlations, pathogenicity islands, operons affecting the host range or pathogenicity, and the identification of variants affecting pathogenesis will be evaluated. Submissions using other relevant approaches will also be considered. We cordially invite researchers working in these areas to contribute with original research of newly generated data, meta-analyses of existing data, or review papers.

Dr. Brett Pickett
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Genes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • comparative genomics
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • multiple sequence alignment
  • genotype–phenotype correlations
  • phylogenetic tree reconstruction
  • secondary analysis
  • selection pressure analysis
  • functional variant identification

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1279 KiB  
Article
Detection of Macrolide and/or Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in Mycoplasma genitalium Strains Isolated from Men in the Northwest Region of Croatia in 2018–2023
by Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak, Tomislav Meštrović, Tatjana Marijan, Maja Anušić, Sandra Šuto and Jasmina Vraneš
Genes 2024, 15(4), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes15040470 - 08 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) poses a significant public health challenge due to its association with non-gonococcal urethritis (particularly in men) and antimicrobial resistance. However, despite the prevalence of M. genitalium infections and the rise in resistance rates, routine testing and surveillance [...] Read more.
Mycoplasma genitalium (M. genitalium) poses a significant public health challenge due to its association with non-gonococcal urethritis (particularly in men) and antimicrobial resistance. However, despite the prevalence of M. genitalium infections and the rise in resistance rates, routine testing and surveillance remain limited. This is the first study from Croatia that aimed to assess the prevalence and trends of resistance in M. genitalium strains isolated from male individuals by detecting macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance genes. The study also aimed to explore the factors associated with resistance and changes in resistance patterns over time. Urine samples collected from male individuals in the Zagreb County and northwest region of Croatia between 2018 and 2023 were tested for M. genitalium with the use of molecular methods. Positive samples were subjected to DNA extraction and multiplex tandem polymerase chain reaction (MT-PCR) targeting genetic mutations associated with macrolide (23S rRNA gene) and fluoroquinolone (parC gene) resistance. Of the 8073 urine samples tested from 6480 male individuals (and following the exclusion of repeated specimens), we found that the prevalence of M. genitalium infection was 2.2%. Macrolide resistance was observed in 60.4% of strains, while fluoroquinolone resistance was found in 19.2%. Co-resistance to both antibiotics was present in 18.2% of cases. A statistically significant increase in fluoroquinolone resistance was noted over the study period (p = 0.010), but this was not evident for azithromycin resistance (p = 0.165). There were no statistically significant differences in resistance patterns between age groups, whereas re-testing of patients revealed dynamic changes in resistance profiles over time. The high burden of macrolide resistance and increasing fluoroquinolone resistance underscore the urgent need for comprehensive resistance testing and surveillance programs. The implementation of resistance-guided treatment strategies, along with enhanced access to molecular diagnostics, is pivotal for effectively managing M. genitalium infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Genomics of Human Pathogens)
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10 pages, 1107 KiB  
Article
Responses of Humoral and Cellular Immune Mediators in BALB/c Mice to LipX (PE11) as Seed Tuberculosis Vaccine Candidates
by Andriansjah Rukmana, Lulut Azmi Supardi, Fithriyah Sjatha and Mifa Nurfadilah
Genes 2022, 13(11), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13111954 - 26 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
A member of the pe/ppe gene family, lipX (pe11), is capable of directing persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avoiding host immune responses. Some studies have indicated that LipX (PE11) can detect humoral antibodies in tuberculosis patients. Hence, information on immune [...] Read more.
A member of the pe/ppe gene family, lipX (pe11), is capable of directing persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and avoiding host immune responses. Some studies have indicated that LipX (PE11) can detect humoral antibodies in tuberculosis patients. Hence, information on immune mediators’ responses to this protein is essential to understand its protective efficacy against M. tuberculosis infections. This study aimed to examine the response of immune mediators to pCDNA3.1-lipX expression in vivo. In the experiment, pCDNA3.1-lipX was injected into BALB/c strain male mice aged between 6 and 8 weeks, and they were compared to groups injected with pCDNA3.1 and without injection. The injection was carried out three times intramuscularly every two weeks. Blood was taken retro-orbitally and used for humoral response analysis by Western blotting against LipX-His protein. Simultaneously, the splenocytes were cultured and induced with LipX-His protein for cellular immunity analyses. Our study showed that the recombinant DNA of pCDNA3.1-lipX induced a humoral and cellular immune response, especially in IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ, which are the primary cellular responses to M. tuberculosis infections. However, additional studies, such as a challenge study, are needed to strengthen the argument that this plasmid construction is feasible as a tuberculosis seed vaccine candidate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Genomics of Human Pathogens)
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