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Forests
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Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies
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Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 6373

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forest Resources Technology Program, Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Jeli Campus, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
Interests: wood; biomass; composite; polymer; carbon materials
Prof. Dr. Ali Temíz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
Interests: agricultural sciences; forestry; forest industry engineering; forest biology and wood protection technology
Dr. Emilia-Adela Salca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Furniture Design and Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 5000068 Brasov, Romania
Interests: wood processing; wood modification; discolorations of wood; coatings
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood is a sustainable and versatile material. To improve wood properties and give them special characteristics, wood treatments and modifications are conducted. This Special Issue explores the application of chemical, physical, or biological methods to alter the properties of the woody material. Improvements in mechanical strength, dimensional stability, decay resistance, weathering resistance, and fire resistance could be achieved through modifications. Recent modifications of wood include thermal treatment to improve the UV resistance of wood, delignification, and polymer intrusion to make transparent wood and phase-change material-impregnated wood, thus awarding thermal regulative properties to wood. This Special Issue welcomes papers on all aspects of wood treatment and modification, including wood in the form of solid, composites, and woody biomass.

Prof. Dr. Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini
Prof. Dr. Ali Temíz
Dr. Emilia-Adela Salca
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood
  • biomass
  • modification
  • treatment
  • impregnation
  • wood composite
  • solid wood
  • chemical modification
  • heat treatment
  • biological treatment

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 6743 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Superhydrophobic Wood Surfaces Modified Using MIL-88(Fe) via Solvothermal Method
by Yu Han, Pingxuan Mu, Jinxin Wang and Dawei Qi
Forests 2023, 14(9), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091772 - 31 Aug 2023
Viewed by 799
Abstract
A superhydrophobic wood surface was produced by employing the solvothermal method to form shuttle-like, well-crystallized MIL-88(Fe) on the surface of wood and assembling a Octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA) reagent. The nanosized MIL-88(Fe) molecule caused the wood’s surface to take on a nano mastoid shape. [...] Read more.
A superhydrophobic wood surface was produced by employing the solvothermal method to form shuttle-like, well-crystallized MIL-88(Fe) on the surface of wood and assembling a Octadecylphosphonic acid (OPA) reagent. The nanosized MIL-88(Fe) molecule caused the wood’s surface to take on a nano mastoid shape. In addition, MIL-88(Fe) provides metal sites to capture OPA molecules, preventing the long-chain alkane hydrophobic group from contacting the surface of the wood. They both make a considerable difference in the growth of a hydrophobic wood surface. The results of the experiment indicate that the water contact angle (WCA) increases with reactant concentration. The WCA of the samples prepared with 5.0 × 10−2 M FeCl3 was 140.57°. When the reactant concentration was 10.0 × 10−2 M, the greatest WCA = 153.69° reading was obtained. The research’s findings present a novel technique for producing superhydrophobic wood surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies)
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10 pages, 2392 KiB  
Article
Treatability Changes of Radiata Pine Heartwood Induced by White-Rot Fungus Trametes versicolor
by Xuan Fang, Yixin Xiong, Jiaxin Li and Xingxia Ma
Forests 2023, 14(5), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14051040 - 18 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 966
Abstract
Desired retention and depth into wood are necessary for wood preservatives to provide long-term durability. In general, heartwood of wood is difficult to treat, and bioincising was investigated as a potential technique to improve the treatability of refractory wood and heartwood. In order [...] Read more.
Desired retention and depth into wood are necessary for wood preservatives to provide long-term durability. In general, heartwood of wood is difficult to treat, and bioincising was investigated as a potential technique to improve the treatability of refractory wood and heartwood. In order to study the effects of bioincising treatment with white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor on the pore structure and treatability of radiata pine heartwood, this research conducted tests of mass loss, microscopic structures, pore structure parameters, uptake, and penetration of preservative of radiata pine heartwood specimens incubated by T. versicolor for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The results showed that the optimal inoculation time of T. versicolor bioincising on radiata pine heartwood was 4 to 8 weeks. At this time, the retention of injected preservatives increased by 5.01%–17.73%, the penetration depth of preservatives increased significantly, and the corresponding mass loss was 3.04%–6.45%. The results of microstructure and pore structure showed that T. versicolor entered the adjacent tracheids via apertures, with less impact on the cell wall, mainly degrading pit membranes and ray parenchyma cells early in the inoculation of radiata pine heartwood. As the structures impeding fluid flow were connected, the porosity of the wood and the range of the main pore size distribution increased significantly, thus increasing the treatability of radiata pine heartwood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies)
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12 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Heat Treatment and Acetylation on Formaldehyde Emission in Cellulose: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
by Ning Li, Youna Hua, Jia Wang, Juncheng Li and Wei Wang
Forests 2023, 14(4), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040839 - 20 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1020
Abstract
Formaldehyde emission from cellulosic materials is an important consideration, especially for wood products, which are regulated by many countries in terms of legislation and may affect the health of users. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed at different temperatures using two [...] Read more.
Formaldehyde emission from cellulosic materials is an important consideration, especially for wood products, which are regulated by many countries in terms of legislation and may affect the health of users. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were performed at different temperatures using two common wood-modification methods, heat treatment, and acetylation, and the diffusion coefficients of the models as well as the mechanical properties, were discussed. The results showed that the mean square displacement of the common heat treatment model was best at 493 K. The acetylated cellulose model at 483 K was able to achieve four times the diffusion coefficient of the common cellulose model, while the acetylated cellulose material would be weaker than the common heat-treated cellulose material in terms of mechanical properties. These findings provide some reference for formaldehyde pretreatment of wood products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies)
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13 pages, 4932 KiB  
Article
Enhancement of Wood Coating Properties by Adding Silica Sol to UV-Curable Waterborne Acrylics
by Yuding Zhu, Wenkai Zhu, Zequn Li, Yuan Feng, Wei Qi, Song Li, Xiaoyu Wang and Meiling Chen
Forests 2023, 14(2), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020335 - 08 Feb 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1633
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of the coating industry and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the modification of waterborne wood coatings has become the focus of research. Generally, the system composed of silica sol modification and UV curing can make up [...] Read more.
In recent years, with the development of the coating industry and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the modification of waterborne wood coatings has become the focus of research. Generally, the system composed of silica sol modification and UV curing can make up for the defects of poor mechanical properties, low hardness, and slow curing speeds of waterborne wood coatings. Herein, we used silica sol-reinforced UV-curable waterborne acrylic wood coatings and tested the related physical properties of the coatings. FT-IR analysis showed that the Si-O-Si bond appeared, indicating that the silica sol was successfully grafted onto the waterborne acrylic molecular chain. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the UV-curable waterborne acrylic wood coating film reached their optimum when the content of silica sol was 1 wt%, the number of UV lamps was 3, and the drying time was 20 min. The corresponding values for wear resistance, hardness, adhesion, and impact strength were 0.106 g (high level), grade 3, and 90 kg·cm, respectively. However, when the content of silica sol is greater than 1 wt%, the related physical properties of the coatings will decrease. The results showed that the gloss of the coating decreased with increasing silica sol content. When the silica sol content was 2 wt%–6 wt%, the coating showed a matte gloss. This present work shows that the modification process is simple, controlled, inexpensive, and meets the demand for UV-curable waterborne acrylic wood coatings in daily life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies)
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11 pages, 4683 KiB  
Article
Effect of Vacuum Heat Treatment on Larch Earlywood and Latewood Cell Wall Properties
by Bailing Sun, Yamei Zhang, Yingying Su, Xiaoqing Wang and Yubo Chai
Forests 2023, 14(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010043 - 26 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1290
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygroscopicity and nanomechanics of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) larch after thermal modification under vacuum conditions. Wood samples were heat-treated in a vacuum atmosphere at 180–220 °C for 6 h, then their cell wall [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the hygroscopicity and nanomechanics of earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) larch after thermal modification under vacuum conditions. Wood samples were heat-treated in a vacuum atmosphere at 180–220 °C for 6 h, then their cell wall properties were observed using dynamic water vapor sorption (DVS), imaging Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy, and nanoindentation. The results showed that the vacuum heat treatment reduced the hygroscopicity of EW and LW and increased hysteresis between the adsorption and desorption branches of the isotherm. Compared with EW, the treatment temperature had a more pronounced influence on the hygroscopicity of LW. The Hailwood-Horrobin model was found to accurately fit the experimental data. Imaging FTIR microscopy revealed degradation of hemicellulose, cross-linking, condensation reactions, and redistribution of lignin in the cell wall. The elastic modulus for the heat-treated EW and LW cell walls increased at first and then decreased as the treatment temperature increased; the increase in LW was more intense than that in EW. Cell wall hardness also markedly increased after heat treatment. Our analysis suggests that vacuum heat treatment decreases hygroscopicity and alters the chemical composition distribution of cell walls, thus improving wood cell wall mechanics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wood Treatments and Modification Technologies)
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