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Forests
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Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional...
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Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional and Global Changes

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Ecology and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2023) | Viewed by 4007

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valery V. Fomin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Forest and Natural Resource Management, Ural State Forest Engineering University, Sibirskiy Trakt, 37, 620100 Yekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: forest; spatio-temporal dynamics; climate change; ecotonal effects; human impacts; forest typologies
Dr. Larissa A. Ivanova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology X-BIO, Tyumen State University, 625000 Tyumen, Russia
Interests: plant functional traits; global change; plant adaptation to climate; forest; tundra; steppe; community functional structure; forest carbon balance
Dr. Natalya Ivanova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute Botanic Garden Ural Branch of RAS, 8 Marta Street, 202a, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia
Interests: forest dynamics; forest biodiversity; forest ecological classifica-tions; genetic forest typology; sustainable forest management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid changes in environmental conditions caused by global and regional climate change require intensified efforts from the scientific community to study the various aspects of climate-induced responses of biota. Climate changes’ increase in frequency and intensity, including various catastrophic phenomena such as droughts, floods, forest fires, windstorms, epiphytes, has a significant impact on forest cover. The rational use and reproduction of forests, taking into account their climate-regulating role, requires: the study of phenomena and processes in forest ecosystems and ecotones under changing environmental conditions; the improvement of existing and the creation of new approaches and methods for assessing the state of forest ecosystems, monitoring and forecasting future changes in them; and conceptual changes in approaches and practices of forest management according to possible global and regional climate changes.

The list of potential topics for this Special Issue of Forests includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • reaction of forest ecosystems to environmental changes;
  • forest monitoring;
  • forest dynamics: climate-driven successions;
  • climate change impact on biodiversity;
  • ecotonal treeline change;
  • carbon balance in forests;
  • increasing frequency and level of catastrophic events in forests;
  • influence of permafrost thawing on forests;
  • adaptation of forest typologies to regional and global changes;
  • passive and active forest adaptation strategies of forest management due to climate changes.

Dr. Valery V. Fomin
Dr. Larissa A. Ivanova
Dr. Natalya Ivanova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • forests dynamics
  • climate change
  • carbon balance
  • adaptation
  • forest typologies
  • wildfires
  • permafrost thawing
  • forest management strategies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 21558 KiB  
Article
Potential Distribution and Identification of Critical Areas for the Preservation and Recovery of Three Species of Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) in Northeastern Peru
by Elver Coronel-Castro, Gerson Meza-Mori, Jose M. Camarena Torres, Elí Pariente Mondragón, Alexander Cotrina-Sanchez, Manuel Oliva Cruz, Rolando Salas López and Ricardo E. Campo Ramos
Forests 2024, 15(2), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15020321 - 08 Feb 2024
Viewed by 987
Abstract
The genus Cinchona L. has important medicinal, cultural, and economic value and is the emblematic tree of Peru. The genus is mainly found in the cloud forests of the Andes. However, the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming in the department of Amazonas [...] Read more.
The genus Cinchona L. has important medicinal, cultural, and economic value and is the emblematic tree of Peru. The genus is mainly found in the cloud forests of the Andes. However, the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming in the department of Amazonas is degrading these ecosystems and has reduced the size of the genus’s populations. In this work, we model the potential distribution under current conditions of three Cinchona species (C. capuli L. Anderson, C. macrocalyx Pav. Ex DC., and C. pubescens Vahl.) to identify areas with a high likelihood of species presence and their key conservation and reforestation zones. We fitted a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model using nineteen bioclimatic variables, three topographic variables, nine edaphic variables, and solar radiation. Under current conditions, the potential distribution of C. capuli covers 17.22% (7243.98 km2); C. macrocalyx, 29.11% (12,238.91 km2); and C. pubescens, 22.94% (9647.63 km2) of the study area, which was mostly located in central and southern Amazonas. Only 24.29% (25.51% of C. capuli, 21.02% of C. macrocalyx, and 26.35% of C. pubescens) of the potential distributions are within protected areas, while 10,987.22 km2 of the surface area of the department of Amazonas is degraded, of which 29.80% covers the area of probable occurrence of C. capuli, 38.72% of C. macrocalyx, and 34.82% of C. pubescens. Consequently, it is necessary to promote additional conservation strategies for Cinchona, including the establishment of new protected areas and the recovery of degraded habitats, in order to protect this species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional and Global Changes)
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23 pages, 12542 KiB  
Article
The Range Potential of North American Tree Species in Europe
by Axel Tim Albrecht, Henry Heinen, Olef Koch, Angela Luciana de Avila and Jonas Hinze
Forests 2024, 15(1), 130; https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010130 - 08 Jan 2024
Viewed by 906
Abstract
European forest ecosystems are projected to change severely under climate change especially due to an anticipated decline in the distribution of major tree species in Europe. Therefore, the adaptation of European forests appears necessary and urgent. While spontaneous adaptation mechanisms bear a large [...] Read more.
European forest ecosystems are projected to change severely under climate change especially due to an anticipated decline in the distribution of major tree species in Europe. Therefore, the adaptation of European forests appears necessary and urgent. While spontaneous adaptation mechanisms bear a large self-guided potential, we focus on quantifying the potential of management-guided mechanisms. Besides other possible tree species groups for adaptation, non-native tree species from North America have a long tradition in Europe, yet their full distribution potential is not completely revealed. We applied an ensemble species distribution model approach to six North American species, using combined occurrence data from the native and naturalized ranges to gain more insights into the species suitability in the introduced area in 2070 (2061–2080) under the emission scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. Our findings support the assumption that there is unreported species potential in the introduced area beyond their current distribution. Next to northeastern range shifts projected for all species, we identified Abies grandis, Liriodendron tulipifera, Quercus rubra, and Robinia pseudoacacia with increasing range potentials in the future. P. ponderosa and P. menziesii var. menziesii are projected to show a steady and decreased range potential under RCP 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional and Global Changes)
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14 pages, 44030 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Assessment of Forest–Tundra Patch Dynamics in Polar Urals Due to Modern Climate Change
by Anna Mikhailovich and Valery Fomin
Forests 2023, 14(12), 2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122340 - 29 Nov 2023
Viewed by 776
Abstract
The spatial and temporal dynamics of the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) at the upper limit of its growth on the south-eastern macroslope of the Rai-Iz massif (Polar Urals, Russia) during the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the [...] Read more.
The spatial and temporal dynamics of the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) at the upper limit of its growth on the south-eastern macroslope of the Rai-Iz massif (Polar Urals, Russia) during the second half of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century were analyzed. Current climate changes were accompanied by increased stand density on previously wooded parts of the mountain slopes and the appearance of new forest generations in lightly wooded or unforested parts of the studied area. Our original method for the automated recognition of boundaries among the key phytocoenohoras (closed forest, open forest, light forest, and tundra with single trees) is universally applicable and improves objectivity in selecting boundaries for these phytocoenohora types. With regard to the total area of the study site, the area of closed forest, open forest, and light forest, respectively, increased from 2.9% to 6.8%, from 9.6% to 13.1%, and from 7.5% to 15.6%, while the area of tundra lots with single trees decreased from 79.9% to 64.5%. Phytocoenohora type replacement in the course of the study period was characterized by a transition from forms with lower density to higher-density forms. Changes in the opposite direction were not discovered. Natural wind protection barriers for young larch tree generations included hummocks and groups of grown trees. The process of gradual tundra and forest tundra forestation then began on the leeward side of the barrier close to seed-producing trees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional and Global Changes)
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17 pages, 1940 KiB  
Article
Carbon Sequestration by Soils of Ash Dump Forest Areas in the Middle Urals (Russia)
by Olga Nekrasova, Tatiana Radchenko, Anna Betekhtina, Tatiana Petrova, Anton Uchaev and Maria Dergacheva
Forests 2023, 14(11), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14112178 - 01 Nov 2023
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Abstract
The purpose of this article was to assess the participation of young soils of ash dump forest communities in carbon sequestration by soils of southern taiga forests, considering the physico-chemical properties of the ash substrate and forest litter (pH, TOC, TN, content of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this article was to assess the participation of young soils of ash dump forest communities in carbon sequestration by soils of southern taiga forests, considering the physico-chemical properties of the ash substrate and forest litter (pH, TOC, TN, content of P and K mobile compounds, and exchangeable Ca and Mg ions). It was revealed that on three Middle Ural ash dumps (composed of fly ash from various brown coals) over 50–60 years, forest communities spontaneously formed according to the zonal type (with the dominance of Betula pendula Roth and Populus tremula L.) with poorly differentiated young soils—technosols. For the first time, as a result of using an integrated approach to assess the direction of forest ecosystem formation on fly ash dumps, a tendency to increase carbon stocks in technogenic soils that have not reached the level of zonal soils was revealed, as well as the dependence of C accumulation on some physico-chemical characteristics of ash was established. Carbon stocks in Technosols are on average equal to 44 t/ha but vary significantly. It was shown that there is a medium negative relationship between the content and stocks of organic carbon in soils formed on a technogenic substrate and the content of mobile phosphorus compounds in them (the correlation coefficient is −0.58 and −0.53, respectively). The average carbon stocks in the litter of technosols, which is the main source of organic carbon in forest soils, are 3.2 t/ha. It was revealed that the carbon stocks in the litter are most influenced by the content of exchangeable calcium cations and magnesium in it (the correlation coefficients are −0.68 and −0.69, respectively). Any correlation between the studied litter parameters and carbon accumulation in the soils of ash dumps was found. The study revealed that the carbon stocks in the technosols of ash dump forest communities are two times less than the carbon stocks in the zonal forest soils of the Middle Ural southern taiga. The stocks of this element in the litter of young soils are equal to 1/3 of the litter of zonal soils. The composition of the humus substance system formed in the soils of forest areas of ash dumps and zonal soils is similar. The results of this study can serve to fill gaps in the knowledge about carbon sequestration by soils and aim to draw attention to forest communities of technogenic ecosystems to consider the contribution of their components to carbon sequestration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Coverage and Spatial Distribution of Tree Species under Regional and Global Changes)
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