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A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Ecology and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 13258

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Feng Zou

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Guest Editor

Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
Interests: non-timber forest flower and fruit development; ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of forest
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jinzhi Zhang

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Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Interests: plant flowering; plant development; water stress; low temperature; flowering regulation; flower bud differentiation; leaf development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Han Zhao

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Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Interests: tree breeding; tree genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Jingle Zhu

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Co-Guest Editor

Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Interests: non-timber forest cultivation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Gaopu Zhu

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Co-Guest Editor

Research Institute of Non-timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Interests: CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing; molecular design breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-timber forest is an important part of forest resources, integrating economy, ecology and social benefits. Although the theory and application of non-timber forest research have made great progress in recent years, there are still gaps in knowledge for many tree species during the non-timber forest breeding and cultivation and processing technology. Increasing knowledge of non-timber forest is essential to promote the development of non-timber forest breeding, cultivation technology and utilization of target production of non-timber forest. Our aim for this Special Issue is to report better scientific research achievements and methods in the non-timber forest research field, providing reference for other tree species, and it is aimed at making a contribution to the progress of the non-timber forest field. All studies relevant to the research of non-timber forest, including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and molecular design breeding, microbial soil fertility, intelligent forestry, high light efficiency cultivation, higher value addition of non-timber forest products technologies, are welcome.

We invite submissions for a Special Issue of Forests on the subject of “Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology”. Topics for submissions may include, but are not limited to:
Non-timber forest resource genetic diversity.
Formation and regulation mechanism of non-timber forest important economic traits.
Regulation mechanism of non-timber forest floral biology.
Gene excavation and function by multi-omics.
Gene editing and molecular design breeding.
Non-timber forest cultivation.
Non-timber forest products storage, quality formation and maintenance.
Non-timber forest products processing and utilization.

Dr. Feng Zou
Dr. Jinzhi Zhang
Dr. Han Zhao
Dr. Jingle Zhu
Dr. Gaopu Zhu
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

non-timber forest
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing
floral biology
multi-omics
cultivation
product processing

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Exogenous Calcium on Camellia oleifera Abel under Drought Stress

by Tao Zhang, Caixia Liu, Yongzhong Chen, Yanming Xu, Wei Tang, Longsheng Chen and Ze Li

Forests 2023, 14(10), 2082; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14102082 - 18 Oct 2023

Viewed by 935

Abstract

High temperature and drought are the main factors restricting the increase in Camellia oleifera Abel production that can seriously harm its physiological and biochemical functions. This study aimed to explore the effect by which Ca²⁺ enhances the drought resistance of C. oleifera. Four-year-old potted plants of the ‘Xianglin 210’ variety were treated with four levels of CaCl₂ solution (0, 10, 20, and 40 mmol/L) and subjected to natural drought stress. The drought levels were categorized as CS (non-drought), LD (light drought), MD (moderate drought), and SD (severe drought). The effects of drought stress on the growth and physiological-biochemical characteristics of C. oleifera were measured. Under drought stress, spraying CaCl₂ solution on leaves could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), endogenous hormone indoleacetic acid (IAA) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and gibberellic acid (GA) content in organs and tissues; enhance the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and decrease the concentration of intercellular carbon dioxide (Ci) and number of dehiscence fruits. Spraying 10 mmol/L CaCl₂ effectively alleviates the damage of drought stress to tung oil trees. The study provides references for alleviating drought stress and increasing economic benefits in C. oleifera production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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20 pages, 12539 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcription Factor and Zeatin Co-Regulate Mixed Catkin Differentiation of Chinese Chestnut (Castanea mollissima)

by Xuan Zhou, Lu Wang, Qian Yin, Xinghui Liu, Joseph Masabni, Huan Xiong, Deyi Yuan and Feng Zou

Forests 2023, 14(10), 2057; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14102057 - 14 Oct 2023

Viewed by 953

Abstract

Castanea mollissima is an important monoecious fruit crop with high economic and ecological value in China. However, its yield is restricted by an imbalanced ratio of male and female flowers for chestnut production. To address this issue, we examined the morphology of bisexual flower organs, measured the levels of endogenous hormones in the flowers, profiled gene expression related to plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways and transcription factors, and investigated the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and zeatin (ZT) hormone application on flower development in C. mollissima ‘Tanqiao’. Morphological studies indicated that the development of male and female flowers can be divided into nine and eight stages, respectively. Male flowers contained higher levels of gibberellic acid (GA₃) and abscisic acid (ABA) than female flowers, whereas female flowers had higher levels of JA and ZT. The analysis of the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways revealed that the major significant enrichment pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) consisted of plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis. Through time-series analyses, we screened 3 genes related to jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction and 21 genes related to zeatin biosynthesis and transduction. Among these genes, only the gene family LOG, related to zeatin biosynthesis, was highly expressed in female flowers. This result indicated that LOG may be the core gene hormone family involved in regulating female flower development. However, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) suggested that IDD7 was the core gene involved in regulating female flower development. The results of exogenous hormone application indicated that zeatin could greatly increase the quantity of fertile female flowers, but JA was not significant. These findings demonstrated that zeatin and transcription factors were crucial regulators in the formation of female flowers in C. mollissima. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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12 pages, 8058 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seed Dormancy Characteristics of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith, a Unique Medicinal Plant in Southeast Asia

by Tieding He, Wenbin Zhong, Fengxia Shao, Hongyan Guo, Chao Yan, Xiaoning Ge, Jia Wang and Sen Wang

Forests 2023, 14(10), 1928; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14101928 - 22 Sep 2023

Viewed by 782

Abstract

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith is a significant tree species of non-timber forest. However, the low germination percentage and lengthy germination time of its seeds pose obstacles to industry development. Aiming at the problem of seed dormancy, this study first determined the seed dormancy period through seed germination test, and then comprehensively evaluated the dormancy characteristics by observing the seed coat structure, measuring endogenous inhibitors, and in vitro embryo culture. The results indicated the dormancy of K. coccinea seeds, and that the germination period was up to 80 days. Its seed coat is composed of exotesta and endotesta. The dense seed coat structure causes water absorption and air permeability obstacles to the seeds and causes mechanical restraint to the development of the embryo. Meanwhile, its seeds have substances that inhibit seed germination, and there are germination inhibitors in distilled water, methanol, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate extracts of kernels and seed coats. The inhibitory activity of kernel petroleum ether extract was the highest, and the inhibitory activity of seed coat methanol extract was the highest. In addition, the embryo of K. coccinea developed completely and could germinate normally under in vitro conditions. This study has basically proved that the dormancy of K. coccinea seeds is caused by the seed coat (physical dormancy) and endogenous inhibitors (physiological dormancy), which provides a scientific theoretical basis to further explore the method of seed dormancy release of K. coccinea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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15 pages, 5144 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dissection of AT-Hook Motif Nuclear-Localized Genes and Their Potential Functions in Peach Growth and Development

by Jianlun Zhao, Enkai Xu and Qirui Wang

Forests 2023, 14(7), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14071404 - 10 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 826

Abstract

The AT-hook motif nuclear-localized (AHL) family members play key roles in plant biological processes via protein–protein and protein-DNA interactions. Here, 22 non-redundant PpAHL genes were identified and analyzed in peach (Prunus persica), one of economically important non-timber forestry crops. The maximum-likelihood (ML) tree classified the PpAHLs into two clades (Clade-A and Clade-B) with three subfamilies: Type_I, Type_II, and Type_III. Exon–intron analysis exhibited that the PpAHLs from Type_I except one (Prupe.1G530300.1) lacked introns, and the PpAHLs from Type_II and Type_III gradually emerged with intron additions, indicating spatial expression patterns, evolutionarily distinct temporal patterns and, likely, neofunctionalization. Duplication event analysis suggested that PpAHLs in peach were mainly expanded through the large-scale duplication events. RNA-seq data showed that PpAHLs were induced by drought stress, and two genes (Prupe.1G530300.1 and Prupe.1G034400.1) from Type_I AHLs were induced at all time points, indicating that they might play key roles in the response to drought stress in peach. The tissue-specific expression pattern of PpAHLs exhibited their biological functions in the development of these specific tissues. In addition, the transient overexpression of Prupe.1G530300.1 and Prupe.1G034400.1 resulted in significant changes in sugar content, suggesting that they may be positive regulators of sugar accumulation in peach fruits. Our study provided novel insights into the roles of PpAHLs in plant development, which was helpful for the functional analysis of peach and related woody fruit trees, and for formulating new strategies for further breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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13 pages, 5371 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maxent Modeling for Predicting the Potential Geographical Distribution of Castanopsis carlesii under Various Climate Change Scenarios in China

by Xiaoru Zhong, Lu Zhang, Jiabiao Zhang, Liren He and Rongxi Sun

Forests 2023, 14(7), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14071397 - 09 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1170

Abstract

Castanopsis carlesii (Hemsl.) Hayata. 1917 is an established subtropical evergreen broad-leaved tree species with rapid growth rates and a strong plasticity to environmental changes. It is widely distributed in East Asia; however, it is unclear how climate change influences the distribution of this tree species. Based on 210 valid occurrence records and 10 environmental variables, we used maximum entropy model (Maxent) to predict its potential geographical distribution under present and three future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245 and SSP585) in both the 2050s and 2070s, and determined the influence of climate on the distribution of C. carlesii. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the simulated training and the test were 0.949 and 0.920, respectively, indicating an excellent forecast. The main climatic factors affecting the distribution of C. carlesii are mainly precipitation, especially that of the driest month (Bio14, 75.5%), and annual precipitation (Bio12, 14.3%); its total contribution rate is 89.8%. However, the impact of average mean temperature is lesser in comparison (Bio1, 5.7%). According to the present-day predictions, C. carlesii has a suitable habitat of 208.66 × 10⁴ km² across most of the tropical and subtropical regions south of the Yangtze River. The medium and high suitability areas are mainly in Taiwan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Guangxi Provinces. With the climate projected to warm in the future, the distribution area of C. carlesii exhibited a tendency of northward expansion along the Qinling–Huaihe line, mainly manifested as the increase in low and medium suitable areas. The area of high-suitable areas decreased significantly under the three climate scenarios both for the 2050s and 2070s, and only a few areas showed contraction of suitable areas. Therefore, expansion areas can be used for cultivation or introduction trials, while contraction areas require enhanced preservation and collection of genetic resources. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for formulating the adaptation and protection strategies to cope with future climate change as well as theoretical guidance for the introduction, cultivation and sustainable development of C. carlesii. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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17 pages, 4744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Intergeneric Grafting of Schisandraceae on Root Morphology, Anatomy and Physiology of Rootstocks

by Hong-Yi Liao, Sen Wang and Chun-Yu Zhou

Forests 2023, 14(6), 1183; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14061183 - 07 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 937

Abstract

Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith and Schisandra sphenantha rehd. et wils. are different genus plants of Schisandraceae, distributed in the north and south of China, respectively. These species are non-wood forest trees with important medicinal value. Grafting is one of the technical means by which plants migrate to other regions to adapt to different habitats. However, the current research on the grafting of Schisandraceae only focuses on the effect of the rootstock on the scion, and lacks investigations on the effect of the scion on the rootstock, leading to the mechanism of the rootstock–scion interaction being still unclear. In this study, Kadsura coccinea (K) and Schisandra sphenanthera (S) were used as scion and rootstock for reciprocal grafting, and four grafted combinations, K/S (scion/rootstock), S/S, S/K, and K/K, were obtained, with S/S and K/K being the controls. Comparative analyses of the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of rootstocks were conducted at 10 d, 30 d, 50 d, and 70 d after grafting. The results showed that compared with the control, the total root length, root volume, root tips, and root biomass of K/S and S/K decreased. However, the root average diameter and root surface area of K/S increased, while those of S/K decreased. All the differences between the above indices and the control were about 10%, and almost all of them changed most significantly at 70 d after grafting. Anatomically, the root cross section, stele diameter, and xylem area of K/S increased, while those of S/K decreased. In addition, the cortex thicknesses of K/S and S/K increased. These anatomical changes were mainly reflected in the second-order and third-order roots. Meanwhile, the changes in root endogenous hormone (IAA, ZR, GA₃, ABA) contents in K/S and S/K in relation to days after grafting could explain the differences in root morphology. Moreover, both K/S and S/K had lower root activity and soluble sugar content than the control, and S/K had lower soluble protein and higher malondialdehyde content. This study indicated that the intergeneric grafting of Schisandraceae inhibited the growth of rootstocks, and the degree of inhibition was potentially related to the relative strength of the rootstock and scion, which provides a theoretical basis for further research on the rootstock–scion interaction mechanism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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19 pages, 4921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Selenocysteine Increased Soil Nitrogen Content, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Quantity in Camellia oleifera Abel. Forests

by Jian Li, Wei Tang, Sheng Lu, Ye Wang, Zuoying Kuang and Jun Yuan

Forests 2023, 14(5), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14050982 - 10 May 2023

Viewed by 1167

Abstract

The effect mechanism of inorganic selenium on soil fertility has been effectively explained, but the effect of selenocysteine as organic selenium on the soil of Camellia oleifera Abel. forests has not been reported. In this study, the soil of a C. oleifera forests under natural conditions was taken as the control, and four treatments, namely selenocysteine (SeCys), cysteine + sodium selenite (Cys + Se), urea + sodium selenite (Ur + Se), and cysteine (Cys), were set up through a pot experiment to analyze the effects of different treatments on the physicochemical properties and biological characteristics of soil in C. oleifera forests. The results showed that SeCys significantly increased the soil total nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen contents compared with the treatment with inorganic selenium. In addition, the application of SeCys improved the activities of soil urease, soil acid phosphatase, soil nitrate reductase, and soil nitrite reductase on day 24 of culture, while under Cys + Se treatment, the activities of these four enzymes showed significant effects on day 32. The effect of SeCys on increasing the number of soil bacteria and fungi was significantly higher than that of other treatments and increased by 800% and 217%, respectively, compared with the control. SeCys also had significant effects on selenium and nitrogen content of Camellia oleifera seedlings. Correlation analysis showed that soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly correlated with soil enzyme activity, suggesting that SeCys could promote enzyme activity in C. oleifera forests by increasing the microbial number and improving microbial metabolism. The results indicated that SeCys could be used as an ingredient in new high-efficiency fertilizers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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18 pages, 4043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dwarfing Effect of Plant Growth Retarders on Melaleuca alternifolia

by Qiong Li, Le Zhang, Shoujin Cao, Jian’an Li, Jindong Yan, Li Xiong, Fan Wang and Jienan He

Forests 2023, 14(4), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040732 - 03 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149

Abstract

Rapid growth and scattered plant types are urgent issues for potted Melaleuca alternifolia. An effective strategy for dwarfing cultivation is the exogenous application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to plants. However, for many non-wood forest species, there is currently limited understanding of the regulatory mechanism of dwarfing effects of PGRs, which greatly limits the application of PGRs. In this study, three PGRs, paclobutrazol (PP333), uniconazole (S3307), and chlormequat chloride (CCC) were applied to dwarf terpinen-4-ol M. alternifolia. By observing the morphological characteristics and leaf anatomy of M. alternifolia after dwarfing and measuring its photosynthetic characteristics and physiological and biochemical indexes, the dwarfing effect of the three PGRs and the underlying mechanisms were investigated to provide a reference for the cultivation of M. alternifolia by dwarfing. The results show that the PP333 (P3) treatment at 2000 mg·L⁻¹ had the best dwarfing effect on M. alternifolia, with a compact plant shape, thicker stems, and green leaf color. At the same time, it increased the chlorophyll contents, changed the blade structure, increased the content of soluble substances and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased the endogenous hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A3 (GA3), and trans-zeatin-riboside (ZR), and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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14 pages, 5852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bearing Habit of Sapindus mukorossi and the Relationship between the Shoot Characteristics of the Parent and Bearing Shoots and Yield

by Yijing Song, Songpo Wei, Chao Li, Cai Qin, Liming Jia and Shuchai Su

Forests 2023, 14(4), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14040730 - 03 Apr 2023

Viewed by 1144

Abstract

(1) Research Highlights: Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn has substantial economic and medicinal value as a high-quality raw material for energy, traditional Chinese medicine, and landscaping. However, few studies have focused on the bearing habit and shoot characteristics of S. mukorossi. (2) Background and Objectives: We aimed to investigate the bearing habit of “Yuanhua,” a selective breeding variety of S. mukorossi, and to identify the relationships among shoot characteristics, fruiting, and yield. (3) Materials and Methods: Ten healthy S. mukorossi trees were randomly selected to investigate the number of current-year shoots and bearing shoots. Eight-hundred-fifty current-year shoots of “Yuanhua” S. mukorossi were selected to investigate the number and position of the bearing and vegetative shoots. A total of 210 parent shoots and 145 bearing shoots of “Yuanhua” S. mukorossi were selected to investigate the characteristics. A generalized linear mixed model and a zero-inflated model were used for the analysis. (4) Results: (i) “Yuanhua” S. mukorossi has two types of current-year new shoots. After the new shoots produce leaves, if the growth points at the top continue to produce inflorescences that grow, bloom, and bear fruits, the new shoots are classified as bearing shoots. When the top growth points do not grow and do not produce inflorescences, the new shoots are termed vegetative shoots. The bearing shoots and vegetative shoots sprouted on the S. mukorossi parent shoots and developed into parent shoots in the following year, either developing from the bearing shoots or the vegetative shoots. (ii) The yield was affected by parent shoot characteristics. The type, length, diameter, and slenderness of parent shoots had significant effects on the number of current-year bearing shoots; the top diameter of the parent shoots and the number of current-year vegetative shoots had significant effects on parent shoot yield. (iii) The type of parent shoots, the length, and the top diameter of the current-year bearing shoots had significant effects on the single yield of a bearing shoot. (5) Conclusions: Selecting parent shoots with more bearing shoots and more fruit production according to the type, length, and thickness is a more efficient method for production management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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18 pages, 6915 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrative Analysis of the Identified Transcriptome and Proteome Major Metabolism Pathways Involved in the Development of Grafted Apricot Hybrids

by Xiying Sun, Li Tian, Wanyu Xu, Luying Feng, Wenqing Jia, Yiteng Liu, Zhuo Chen, Shulin Zhang, Xianliang Zhang and Guangxin Ru

Forests 2023, 14(2), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020417 - 17 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1394

Abstract

Plant distant grafting can produce stable genetic variation, which is a new method for germplasm innovation. Two chimeras, peach/apricot (PA) and apricot/peach (AP), were created through two-way grafting between peach and apricot. The leaves, flowers and fruit phenotypes of chimeras were significantly different to self-rooted rootstock. In order to investigate the causes of such changes, transcriptome and proteome integrative analyses were conducted on apricots from these two chimeras. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that may be connected to the development of grafted apricot hybrids were identified and explored based on function. Moreover, we found 76 genes in forward-grafted PA and 46 in reverse-grafted AP that overlapped both in DEGs and DEPs (DEGs/DEPs) via transcriptome–proteome integrative analysis. Mapping the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database in PA and AP, the top significant enrichment pathways of DEGs/DEPs included lipid metabolism (fatty acid elongation, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism) and carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism and galactose metabolism), revealing that lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism may play an irreplaceable role in the development of grafted apricot hybrids. Taken together, this work uncovered numerous candidate transcripts and proteins involved in the development of grafted apricot hybrids. The molecular mechanisms provide new insights into this important process in other heterografting hybrids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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16 pages, 6184 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Establishment of a Highly Efficient In Vitro Propagation System of Diospyros lotus

by Yang Liu, Xiaoyu Lu, Hui Zhang, Shuzhan Li and Ze Li

Forests 2023, 14(2), 366; https://doi.org/10.3390/f14020366 - 11 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1610

Abstract

Persimmon (Diospyros) is an economically important tree widely cultivated for woody grain production in China, and Diospyros lotus is mainly used as the grafting stock of persimmon. However, the breeding of stress-resistant rootstocks of D. lotus using molecular means has yet to be achieved; in particular, an efficient blade-regeneration system has not been perfected to date. This study examined the effects of different plant-growth regulators and concentrations on the primary culture of stems with buds, the induction of leaf callus, the differentiation of adventitious shoots, and rooting culture of D. lotus. The optimal formula for inducing axillary buds from stems with buds was 1/2 Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), in which the induction rate of axillary buds approached 67.1%. The best medium formula for leaf callus induction was 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.5 mg/L NAA. Then callus was transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)purine (2iP), 2.0 mg/L thidizuron (TDZ), and 40 g/L sucrose to induce adventitious shoots after dark culture for 48 h, resulting in 7.9 shoots per explant and a 75.2% induction frequency of adventitious shoots. In addition, it was difficult to induce adventitious shoots from callus after six times of continuous transfer and differentiation. The adventitious shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L zeatin (ZT) and 2.0 mg/L 2iP for proliferation culture, in which the multiplication coefficient approached 7.6. The adventitious shoots after multiplication were inoculated into 1/2 MS + 1.0 mg/L IBA + 0.5 mg/L NAA medium, the rooting rate was 70.2%, and the average number of heels was 9.6. Thus, studies in this area are expected to facilitate rapid and excellent growth, as well as theoretical support for factory saplings’ care and molecular breeding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-timber Forestry Breeding, Cultivation and Processing Technology)

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