Procyanidins: From Agro-Industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Foods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 3526

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Centro de Quimica Estrucural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: mass spectrometry; conservation and restoration; nutraceuticals; pigments; dyes
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Guest Editor
1. Instituto Nacional de Invesigação Agraria e Veterenária (INIAV, IP), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
2. LEAF—Linking Landscape, Agriculture and Food Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-117 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: evaluation of food quality and safety; fruits and vegetables; aromatic and medicinal plants; technology transfer; extraction of natural additives compounds; extraction of natural colorants; bio-compatible solvents; antioxidants and bactericides; encapsulation; natural additives; flavors or the natural colorants; food matrices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The agro-food industry generates a large quantity of byproducts that are currently considered an industrial surplus. The losses, in the primary sector, represent a considerable percentage of the total byproducts generated along the chain. These byproducts constitute a raw material that can be valorized, for containing high concentrations of bioactive compounds, in order to obtain natural products, at reduced costs, with good perspectives of application in different areas of industry.

An interesting application of the byproducts of the agro-food industry is its use as raw material for the extraction of natural dyes for food purposes, due to the presence of carotenoid compounds, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, etc. The interest in these pigments has increased in recent years mainly due to the growing trend toward the development of food colors from natural sources as an alternative to synthetic colors, and also due to their high antioxidant activity that contributes to the prevention of various types of diseases (Mahdavi et al., 2016), and supplementation of foods with these compounds can be a valuable strategy to increase their intake.

The topic is highlighted in socio-economic and public health terms, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 (SDG), enabling a circular economy (through the use of biowaste) and the extended impact to other industrial sectors.

Dr. Maria Conceição Oliveira
Dr. Maria do Carmo Martins Serrano
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • polyphenols
  • dyes
  • antioxidant activity
  • antimicrobial properties
  • LC–MS
  • temperature
  • ight
  • encapsulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4012 KiB  
Article
Encapsulation of Sorghum Leaf Red Dye: Biological and Physicochemical Properties and Effect on Stability
by Carmo Serrano, Margarida Sapata, M. Conceição Oliveira, Andreia Soares, Carla Pereira, Rui M. V. Abreu and Lillian Barros
Foods 2023, 12(8), 1646; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12081646 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1746
Abstract
The encapsulation of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DXA) red dye, extracted from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) leaves, was explored for food application. The extracts showed antioxidant activity at concentrations ranging from 803 to 1210 μg mL−1 and did not reveal anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic [...] Read more.
The encapsulation of the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DXA) red dye, extracted from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) leaves, was explored for food application. The extracts showed antioxidant activity at concentrations ranging from 803 to 1210 μg mL−1 and did not reveal anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic properties, indicating their potential for food application. Encapsulation was performed with two carrier agents (maltodextrin and Arabic gum) in different proportions (1:1, 2:1 and 1.5:2.5 (w/w)). The microparticles produced by freeze-drying and spray-drying were studied according to the concentration of the dye, the encapsulation efficiency, the process yield, the solubility and the colour of the powders. The dye extracts are released from the microparticles at different pHs. The variation in ratio composition of the 3-DXA encapsulation was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) using data from ten physicochemical parameters. The results indicated that the maltodextrin at the 2:1 ratio had a higher dye concentration and total phenolic content (TPC) at pH 6. This ratio was selected to produce the microparticles by freeze-drying and spray-drying, and the particles were used in the temperature stability tests at pH 6. The results suggest that the freeze-drying process offers better protection to 3-DXA, with a degradation percentage of 22% during the heating period (80 °C for 18 h), compared to the non-encapsulated dye (48%). However, there were no significant differences between the two polymeric agents. The non-encapsulated 3-DXA was evaluated as control and lost 48% of the total colour with the same treatment. Red dyes from sorghum leaf by-products may constitute promising ingredients for the food industry and increase the value of this crop. Full article
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12 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
Coupling Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography and Reverse-Phase Chromatography for Improved Direct Analysis of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins
by Ruge Lin, Yi Wang, Huan Cheng, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye and Haibo Pan
Foods 2023, 12(6), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12061319 - 20 Mar 2023
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Abstract
Acid-catalyzed depolymerization is recognized as the most practical method for analyzing subunit composition and the polymerization degree of proanthocyanidins, involving purification by removing free flavan-3-ols, as well as acid-catalyzed cleavage and the identification of cleavage products. However, after the removal of proanthocyanidins with [...] Read more.
Acid-catalyzed depolymerization is recognized as the most practical method for analyzing subunit composition and the polymerization degree of proanthocyanidins, involving purification by removing free flavan-3-ols, as well as acid-catalyzed cleavage and the identification of cleavage products. However, after the removal of proanthocyanidins with low molecular weights during purification, the formation of anthocyanidins from the extension subunits accompanying acid-catalyzed cleavage occurred. Thus, grape seed extract other than purified proanthocyanidins was applied to acid-catalyzed depolymerization. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography was developed to quantify free flavan-3-ols in grape seed extract to distinguish them from flavan-3-ols from terminal subunits of proanthocyanidins. Reverse-phase chromatography was used to analyze anthocyanidins and cleavage products at 550 and 280 nm, respectively. It is found that the defects of the recognized method did not influence the results of the subunit composition, but both altered the mean degree of polymerization. The established method was able to directly analyze proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract for higher accuracy and speed than the recognized method. Full article
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